8,901 research outputs found
Adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro stem explants of Phellodendron amurense
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from stem explants was established in Phellodendron amurense. Factors influencing shoot regeneration from stems including culture medium type, combinations of plant growth regulators and carbon source in the medium were investigated. Adventitious shoot regeneration was significantly influenced by the type of medium. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) was the best for promoting shoot regeneration, followed by Gamborg medium (B5) and woody plant medium (WPM). The combination of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) produced better results for shoot regeneration. The optimum shoot regeneration frequency (74.5%) and number of shoots per explant (12.3) was achieved using MS medium supplemented with 29.7 M BA and 5.8 M NAA. High concentrations of BA and NAA in the medium inhibited shoot formation. Among the three sugars tested, 20 g dm-3 glucose was the optimum for shoot regeneration. Rooting of regenerated shoots was successful on 1/4-strength MS medium with the addition of 15.4 M IBA. Almost 100% plantlets survived acclimatization after transferred to soil.Key words: Phellodendron amurense, callus, shoot regeneration, stem explants
Gate controlled electronic transport in monolayer MoS2 field effect transistor
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Archiving Software Surrogates on the Web for Future Reference
Software has long been established as an essential aspect of the scientific
process in mathematics and other disciplines. However, reliably referencing
software in scientific publications is still challenging for various reasons. A
crucial factor is that software dynamics with temporal versions or states are
difficult to capture over time. We propose to archive and reference surrogates
instead, which can be found on the Web and reflect the actual software to a
remarkable extent. Our study shows that about a half of the webpages of
software are already archived with almost all of them including some kind of
documentation.Comment: TPDL 2016, Hannover, German
Diabetes with poor-control HbA1c is cardiovascular disease 'risk equivalent' for mortality: UK Biobank and Hong Kong population-based cohort study
INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has traditionally been considered a coronary heart disease 'risk equivalent' for future mortality, but significant heterogeneity exists across people with T2DM. This study aims to determine the risk of all-cause mortality of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and T2DM in UK and Hong Kong, with stratifications for hemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) concentrations, compared with those without CVD and diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 3 839 391 adults from Hong Kong and a prospective cohort study of 497 779 adults from the UK Biobank. Individuals were divided into seven disease groups: (1) no T2DM and CVD, (2) T2DM only with HbA1c <7%, (3) T2DM only with HbA1c 7%-7.9%, (4) T2DM only with HbA1c 8%-8.9%, (5) T2DM only with HbA1c ≥9%, (6) CVD only, and (7) T2DM and CVD. Differences in all-cause mortality between groups were examined using Cox regression. RESULTS: After around 10 years of median follow-up, 423 818 and 19 844 deaths were identified in the Hong Kong cohort and UK Biobank, respectively. Compared with individuals without T2DM and CVD, the adjusted HR for all-cause mortality in the other six disease groups for the Hong Kong cohort was 1.25 (95% CI 1.23 to 1.27) for T2DM only with HbA1c <7%, 1.21 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.23) for T2DM only with HbA1c 7%-7.9%, 1.36 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.39) for T2DM only with HbA1c 8%-8.9%, 1.82 (95% CI 1.78 to 1.85) for T2DM only with HbA1c ≥9%, 1.37 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.38) for CVD only, and 1.83 (95% CI 1.81 to 1.85) for T2DM and CVD, and for the UK Biobank the HR was 1.45 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.58), 1.50 (95% CI 1.32 to 1.70), 1.72 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.08), 2.51 (95% CI 2.05 to 3.08), 1.67 (95% CI 1.59 to 1.75) and 2.62 (95% CI 2.42 to 2.83), respectively. This indicates that patients with T2DM had an increased risk of mortality compared with those without T2DM and CVD, and in those with HbA1c ≥9% an even higher risk than people with CVD. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with T2DM with poor HbA1c control (8%-8.9% and ≥9%) were associated with similar and higher risk of mortality compared with patients with CVD, respectively. Optimal HbA1c, controlled for risk reduction and prevention of mortality and complications in diabetes management, remains important
Spinal disease in myeloma: cohort analysis at a specialist spinal surgery centre indicates benefit of early surgical augmentation or bracing
BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma osteolytic disease affecting the spine results in vertebral compression fractures. These are painful, result in kyphosis, and impact respiratory function and quality of life. We explore the impact of time to presentation on the efficacy of spinal treatment modalities. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 183 patients with spinal myeloma presenting to our service over a 2 year period. RESULTS: Median time from multiple myeloma diagnosis to presentation at our centre was 195 days. Eighty-four patients (45.9 %) were treated with balloon kyphoplasty and the remainder with a thoracolumbar-sacral orthosis as per our published protocol. Patients presenting earlier than 195 days from diagnosis had significant improvements in patient reported outcome measures: EuroQol 5-Dimensions (p < 0.001), Oswestry Disability Index (p < 0.001), and Visual Analogue Pain Score (p < 0.001) at follow-up, regardless of treatment. Patients presenting after 195 days, however, only experienced benefit following balloon kyphoplasty, with no significant benefit from non-operative management. CONCLUSION: Vertebral augmentation and thoracolumbar bracing improve patient reported outcome scores in patients with spinal myeloma. However, delay in treatment negatively impacts clinical outcome, particularly if managed non-operatively. It is important to screen and treat patients with MM and back pain early to prevent deformity and improve quality of life
Role of CD56-expressing immature biliary epithelial cells in biliary atresia
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ABCD Neurocognitive Prediction Challenge 2019: Predicting individual residual fluid intelligence scores from cortical grey matter morphology
We predicted residual fluid intelligence scores from T1-weighted MRI data
available as part of the ABCD NP Challenge 2019, using morphological similarity
of grey-matter regions across the cortex. Individual structural covariance
networks (SCN) were abstracted into graph-theory metrics averaged over nodes
across the brain and in data-driven communities/modules. Metrics included
degree, path length, clustering coefficient, centrality, rich club coefficient,
and small-worldness. These features derived from the training set were used to
build various regression models for predicting residual fluid intelligence
scores, with performance evaluated both using cross-validation within the
training set and using the held-out validation set. Our predictions on the test
set were generated with a support vector regression model trained on the
training set. We found minimal improvement over predicting a zero residual
fluid intelligence score across the sample population, implying that structural
covariance networks calculated from T1-weighted MR imaging data provide little
information about residual fluid intelligence.Comment: 8 pages plus references, 3 figures, 2 tables. Submission to the ABCD
Neurocognitive Prediction Challenge at MICCAI 201
Is lymphovascular invasion a powerful predictor for biochemical recurrence in pT3 N0 prostate cancer?: Results from the K-CaP database
To assess the impact of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) on the risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in pT3 N0 prostate cancer, clinical data were extracted from 1,622 patients with pT3 N0 prostate cancer from the K-CaP database. Patients with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (n = 325) or insufficient pathologic or follow-up data (n = 87) were excluded. The primary endpoint was the oncologic importance of LVI, and the secondary endpoint was the hierarchical relationships for estimating BCR between the evaluated variables. LVI was noted in 260 patients (21.5%) and was significantly associated with other adverse clinicopathologic features. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, LVI was significantly associated with an increased risk of BCR after adjusting for known prognostic factors. In the Bayesian belief network analysis, LVI and pathologic Gleason score were found to be first-degree associates of BCR, whereas prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, seminal vesicle invasion, perineural invasion, and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were considered second-degree associates. In the random survival forest, pathologic Gleason score, LVI, and PSA level were three most important variables in determining BCR of patients with pT3 N0 prostate cancer. In conclusion, LVI is one of the most powerful adverse prognostic factors for BCR in patients with pT3 N0 prostate cancer.1132Ysciescopu
Once more on the Witten index of 3d supersymmetric YM-CS theory
The problem of counting the vacuum states in the supersymmetric 3d
Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory is reconsidered. We resolve the controversy
between its original calculation by Witten at large volumes and the calculation
based on the evaluation of the effective Lagrangian in the small volume limit.
We show that the latter calculation suffers from uncertainties associated with
the singularities in the moduli space of classical vacua where the
Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down. We also show that these
singularities can be accurately treated in the Hamiltonian Born-Oppenheimer
method, where one has to match carefully the effective wave functions on the
Abelian valley and the wave functions of reduced non-Abelian QM theory near the
singularities. This gives the same result as original Witten's calculation.Comment: 27 page
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