A Model for Pairs of Beatty Sequences

Two Beatty sequences are recorded by athletes running in opposite directions in a round stadium. This approach suggests a nice interpretation for well known partitioning criteria: such sequences (eventually) partition the integers essentially when the athletes have the same starting point

Analisis Tingkat Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Materi Fluida Statis Melalui Model Pembelajaran Problem Solving

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah (KPM) peserta didik pada materi fluida statis. Kemampuan pemecahan masalah ini diujikan pada pokok bahasan  tekanan hidrostatis, hukum Pascal, hukum Archimedes, dan viskositas. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 35 siswa kelas XI IPA 6 SMA Negeri 2 Mataram. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada pertemuan pertama skor rata-rata KPM pada materi tekanan hidrostatis sebesar 70 (kategori sedang), pertemuan kedua skor rata –rata KPM pada materi hukum Pascal sebesar 71,43 (kategori sedang), pertemuan ketiga skor rata-rata KPM pada materi hukum Archimedes sebesar 75,14 (kategori tinggi), dan pertemuan keempat skor rata –rata KPM pada materi viskositas sebesar 80,57(kategori tinggi). Secara umum adanya peningkatan KPM yang ditunjukan oleh peserta didik setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan model problem solving. Ditinjau dari indikator kemampuan pemecahan masalah (KPM), ternyata indikator memahami masalah (IPM-1)memperoleh skor rata-rata 78.57, menyusun rencana (IPM-2) memperoleh skor rata-rata76,77, melaksanakan rencana ( IPM-3) memperoleh skor rata-rata 79,04, dan indikator mengecek kembali hasil pekerjaan(IPM-04) memperoleh skor rata-rata sebesar 58,5

Tyrosine 140 of the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter GAT-1 Plays a Critical Role in Neurotransmitter Recognition

The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT-1 is located in nerve terminals and catalyzes the electrogenic reuptake of the neurotransmitter with two sodium ions and one chloride. We now identify a single tyrosine residue that is critical for GABA recognition and transport. It is completely conserved throughout the superfamily, and even substitution to the other aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine (Y140F) and tryptophan (Y140W), results in completely inactive transporters. Electrophysiological characterization reveals that both mutant transporters exhibit the sodium-dependent transient currents associated with sodium binding as well as the chloride-dependent lithium leak currents characteristic of GAT-1. On the other hand, in both mutants GABA is neither able to induce a steady-state transport current nor to block their transient currents. The nontransportable analog SKF 100330A potently inhibits the sodium-dependent transient in the wild type GAT-1 but not in the Y140W transporter. It partly blocks the transient of Y140F. Thus, although sodium and chloride binding are unimpaired in the tyrosine mutants, they have a specific defect in the binding of GABA. The total conservation of the residue throughout the family suggests that tyrosine 140 may be involved in the liganding of the amino group, the moiety common to all of the neurotransmitters

Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Demam dengan Penanganan Demam pada Bayi 0-12 Bulan di Desa Datarajan Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngarip Kabupaten Tanggamus Tahun 2018

Tidak ditangani maka dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan rangkaian khususnya sistem saraf pusat dan otot, sehingga mengakibatkan kematian. Penanganan pertama demam dapat berupa terapi farmakologi dan terapi non farmakologi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang demam dengan penanganan demam pada bayi 0-12 bulan di Datarajan Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngarip Kabupaten Tanggamus tahun 2018.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Waktu pelaksanaannya pada tanggal 11 – 13 Februari 2018 tempatnya di DesaDatarajan Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ngarip Kabupaten Tanggamus. Populasi yaitu ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-12 bulan berjumlah 60 orang. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan total population dengan jumlah 60 ibu.Hasil analisis menunjukan ada hubungan tingkat pengetahuan ibu tentang demam dengan penanganan demam dengan P-value 0,000 (<0.05) dengan odds Ratio sebesar 25.375 (6.357-101.287). Diharapkan hasil penelitian ini dapat menambah pengetahuan bagi ibu dengan pengetahuan kurang baik. Ibu dapat mengikuti sosialisasi kesehatan. Sehingga ibu dapat melakukan penanganan demam yang baik didorong dengan adanya informasi kesehatan baik dari tenaga kesehatan ataupun orang tua dan saudara ibu dalam penanganan demam

Kebijakan Indonesia Dalam Menolak Impor Sapi Brazil Tahun 2009-2014

Indonesia\u27s demand for beef keeps growing and causes the increasing gap between its low national bovine production and high consumption scale. This matter leads Indonesia to importing bovine from other countries. Brazil as one of the bovine\u27s export country has asks Indonesia to open its market for Brazil\u27s bovine product. Indonesia has its own regulation for International trade and Brazil is not comply the cattle\u27s health standart of Indonesia for exporting their bovine and bovine meat product..This research theoretically has built by using Heckscher – Ohlin theory and merchantilism point of view. Formulation of all arguments, data, facts, and theoritical framework in this research using qualitative explanation methods.This research also using nation-state as the level of analyze, the focus on this research is explain the causes of the rejection of Brazil\u27s Bovine Import according to Indonesia\u27s International trade policy.This research proves that the health standart of importing in Indonesia is a main factor for its International trade policy. Reseacrher has formulated the hypothesis answer which proved that the Indonesia\u27s health standard of cattle importing have the main effect in Indonesia\u27s rejection of Brazil\u27s bovine import

Microbial profile of placentas from Tanzanian mothers with adverse pregnancy outcomes and periodontitis

Aim: To investigate microbial profiles in placentas from a population of East African mothers with and without adverse pregnancy outcomes and with regard to their periodontal status. Material and Methods: Thirty-six placentas from pregnant women from Tanzania were classified into three groups according to both pregnancy outcome and the mother's periodontal health. The microbial composition in each group was then compared using 16S rRNA metagenomics. Additionally, placenta specimens were analyzed histologically for chorioamnionitis by a single pathologist blinded to the clinical data. Results: The greatest differences were observed in the group of mothers with periodontitis. The microbial load was low in all three groups of mothers. Periodontitis had a notable influence on the structure of the placental microbiota. Three phyla and 44 genera were associated with periodontitis, whereas only the Tenericutes phylum was associated with the adverse pregnancy variable. Streptococcaceae and Mycoplasmataceae families were associated with both periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Finally, although the differences for chorioamnionitis were not significant, this intra-amniotic infection was more frequent in the placentas from mothers with periodontitis

MICROPLASTICS ANALYSIS IN THE GILL AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF CORAL REEF FISHES FROM THREE SMALL OUTER ISLANDS OF PAPUA, INDONESIA: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Microplastics have been found widely in marine environments, including the remote areas far from human activities, and can be ingested by fish. This study aimed to investigate microplastics from 12 coral reef fishes of three small outer islands of Papua (Liki, Befondi, and Miossu) and to analyze the difference of microplastic concentrations in gill and gastrointestinal tract. Fish samples were obtained using a hand line and dissected to separate the gills and gastrointestinal tracts. The destruction method using H2O2 30 % was conducted to separate organic matter, and the microscope was used to identify microplastic types. Fibers were found in all fish species in the range of 1.60-28.30 particle/g dry weight. Microplastics in fishes from Liki Island were higher compared to the ones from Befondi and Miossu Islands. The results of this study observed that there is no relationship between fish size and microplastic concentration since the size of fishes from Liki Island were smaller than the ones from the two islands. Most fishes were observed to contain fiber in both the gill and gastrointestinal tract, with the dominant size of microplastic was &gt; 1000 µm. This study found that microplastics in the gills were higher than in the gastrointestinal tracts, and it is related to the difference in the organ functionality and the process of microplastic entering the organs from the surrounding water.Keberadaan mikroplastik di perairan dapat berpotensi masuk pada organisme perairan termasuk ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap keberadaan mikroplastik pada 12 ikan terumbu karang yang ditangkap dari perairan di tiga pulau kecil dan terluar Papua (Pulau Liki, Befondi dan Miossu) dan menganalisis perbedaan mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada insang dan saluran pencernaannya. Ikan ditangkap dengan alat pancing dan dipisahkan organ insang dan saluran pencernaannya untuk dianalisis jenis mikroplastiknya. Destruksi bahan organik dilakukan dengan menggunakan larutan H2O2 30% dan identifikasi mikroplastik dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop. Diantara jenis mikroplastik, hanya jenis fiber yang ditemukan di semua spesies ikan dengan kisaran 1,60-28,30 partikel/g berat kering. Mikroplastik yang ditemukan pada ikan yang ditangkap dari Pulau Liki lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan di Pulau Befondi dan Miossu. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ukuran ikan tidak mempengaruhi keberadaan mikroplastik pada ikan. Ikan-ikan yang ditangkap dari Pulau Liki berukuran lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan ikan yang ditangkap dari Pulau Befondi dan Miossu. Sebagian besar ikan yang ditemukan, mengandung fiber pada insang dan saluran pencernaan dengan ukuran yang dominan adalah &gt;1000 µm. Kelimpahan mikroplastik jenis fiber lebih tinggi pada insang dibandingkan pada saluran pencernaan dan hal ini diduga karena perbedaan fungsi antar organ dan proses masuknya mikroplastik dari perairan ke organ-organ tersebut

Description of 3,180 courses of chelation with dimercaptosuccinic acid in children ≤ 5 y with severe lead poisoning in Zamfara, Northern Nigeria: a retrospective analysis of programme data.

BACKGROUND: In 2010, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) discovered extensive lead poisoning impacting several thousand children in rural northern Nigeria. An estimated 400 fatalities had occurred over 3 mo. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed widespread contamination from lead-rich ore being processed for gold, and environmental management was begun. MSF commenced a medical management programme that included treatment with the oral chelating agent 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA, succimer). Here we describe and evaluate the changes in venous blood lead level (VBLL) associated with DMSA treatment in the largest cohort of children ≤ 5 y of age with severe paediatric lead intoxication reported to date to our knowledge. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In a retrospective analysis of programme data, we describe change in VBLL after DMSA treatment courses in a cohort of 1,156 children ≤ 5 y of age who underwent between one and 15 courses of chelation treatment. Courses of DMSA of 19 or 28 d duration administered to children with VBLL ≥ 45 µg/dl were included. Impact of DMSA was calculated as end-course VBLL as a percentage of pre-course VBLL (ECP). Mixed model regression with nested random effects was used to evaluate the relative associations of covariates with ECP. Of 3,180 treatment courses administered, 36% and 6% of courses commenced with VBLL ≥ 80 µg/dl and ≥ 120 µg/dl, respectively. Overall mean ECP was 74.5% (95% CI 69.7%-79.7%); among 159 inpatient courses, ECP was 47.7% (95% CI 39.7%-57.3%). ECP after 19-d courses (n = 2,262) was lower in older children, first-ever courses, courses with a longer interval since a previous course, courses with more directly observed doses, and courses with higher pre-course VBLLs. Low haemoglobin was associated with higher ECP. Twenty children aged ≤ 5 y who commenced chelation died during the period studied, with lead poisoning a primary factor in six deaths. Monitoring of alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine, and full blood count revealed moderate ALT elevation in <2.5% of courses. No clinically severe adverse drug effects were observed, and no laboratory findings required discontinuation of treatment. Limitations include that this was a retrospective analysis of clinical data, and unmeasured variables related to environmental exposures could not be accounted for. CONCLUSIONS: Oral DMSA was a pharmacodynamically effective chelating agent for the treatment of severe childhood lead poisoning in a resource-limited setting. Re-exposure to lead, despite efforts to remediate the environment, and non-adherence may have influenced the impact of outpatient treatment. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary

Comparative studies on the structure of an upland African stream ecosystem

Upland stream systems have been extensively investigated in Europe, North America and Australasia and many of the central ideas concerning their function are based on these systems. One central paradigm, the river continuum concept is ultimately derived from those North American streams whose catchments remain forested with native vegetation. Streams of the tropics may or may not fit the model. They have been little studied. The Amani Nature Reserve in the East Usambara Mountains of north-eastern Tanzania offers an opportunity to bring these naturally forested systems to the attention of the ecological community. This article describes a comparison made between two lengths of the River Dodwe in this area. The work was carried out by a group of postgraduate students from eighteen European and African countries with advice from five staff members, as part of a course organised by the Tropical Biology Association. Rigorous efforts were made to standardise techniques, in a situation where equipment and laboratory facilities were very basic, through a management structure and deliberate allocation of work to specialists in each area.The article offers a summary of invertebrate communities found in the stream and its biomass. Crabs seem to be the key organism in both sections of the streams

COMPASS server for homology detection: improved statistical accuracy, speed and functionality

COMPASS is a profile-based method for the detection of remote sequence similarity and the prediction of protein structure. Here we describe a recently improved public web server of COMPASS, http://prodata.swmed.edu/compass. The server features three major developments: (i) improved statistical accuracy; (ii) increased speed from parallel implementation; and (iii) new functional features facilitating structure prediction. These features include visualization tools that allow the user to quickly and effectively analyze specific local structural region predictions suggested by COMPASS alignments. As an application example, we describe the structural, evolutionary and functional analysis of a protein with unknown function that served as a target in the recent CASP8 (Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction round 8). URL: http://prodata.swmed.edu/compas