O efeıto das tendêncıas neofóbıcas e neofílıcas dos estudantes de gastronomıa e culınárıa sobre suas atıtudes em relação aos sabores de rua

The trends for food neophobia and food neophilia can affect people's attitudes toward new foods. In this context, different regional street foods they have never consumed before can also be an unusual food experience for people. Street foods, which are foods and beverages offered in public areas, reflecting the culinary culture of countries with a rich and different product range, may differ from region to region and even according to the distinct geographical location and seasonal characteristics of the same territory. This study reveals the effects of food neophobia and food neophilia tendencies of gastronomy and cookery students on their attitudes toward street foods. The study concluded that food neophobia and food neophilia trends were linearly and positively related to the attitudes toward street foods. However, significant differences were found in students' neophobia and neophilia tendencies and their attitudes toward street foods according to demographic characteristics. In addition, it was determined that the students continued to consume street foods even though they did not find them hygienic. On the other hand, the study revealed that the students had a neophilia tendency.Las tendencias de la neofobia alimentaria y la neofilia alimentaria pueden afectar las actitudes de las personas hacia los nuevos alimentos. En este contexto, diferentes comidas callejeras regionales que nunca han consumido antes también pueden ser una experiencia gastronómica inusual para las personas. Los alimentos callejeros, que son alimentos y bebidas ofrecidos en áreas públicas, que reflejan la cultura culinaria de países con una gama de productos rica y diferente, pueden diferir de una región a otra e incluso según la ubicación geográfica distinta y las características estacionales del mismo territorio. Este estudio revela los efectos de la neofobia alimentaria y las tendencias de neofilia alimentaria de los estudiantes de gastronomía y cocina en sus actitudes hacia los alimentos callejeros. El estudio concluyó que las tendencias de la neofobia alimentaria y la neofilia alimentaria estaban lineal y positivamente relacionadas con las actitudes hacia los alimentos callejeros. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias significativas en las tendencias de neofobia y neofilia de los estudiantes y sus actitudes hacia los alimentos callejeros de acuerdo con las características demográficas. Además, se determinó que los estudiantes continuaron consumiendo alimentos callejeros a pesar de que no los encontraban higiénicos. Por otro lado, el estudio reveló que los estudiantes tenían una tendencia a la neofilia.As tendências de neofobia alimentar e neofilia alimentar podem afetar as atitudes das pessoas em relação a novos alimentos. Neste contexto, diferentes alimentos de rua regionais que nunca consumiram antes também podem ser uma experiência alimentar incomum para as pessoas. Os alimentos de rua, que são alimentos e bebidas oferecidos em áreas públicas, refletindo a cultura culinária de países com uma gama rica e diferente de produtos, podem diferir de região para região e até mesmo de acordo com a localização geográfica distinta e características sazonais do mesmo território. Este estudo revela os efeitos da neofobia alimentar e das tendências alimentares de estudantes de gastronomia e culinária sobre suas atitudes em relação aos alimentos de rua. O estudo concluiu que as tendências de neofobia alimentar e neofilia alimentar estavam linearmente e positivamente relacionadas às atitudes em relação aos alimentos de rua. No entanto, diferenças significativas foram encontradas nas tendências de neofobia e neofilia dos alunos e suas atitudes em relação aos alimentos de rua de acordo com características demográficas. Além disso, foi determinado que os alunos continuaram a consumir alimentos de rua, mesmo não os encontrando higiênicos. Por outro lado, o estudo revelou que os alunos tinham uma tendência de neofilia

Serum indoxyl sulfate concentrations associate with progression of chronic kidney disease in children

The uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a consequence of altered gut microbiota metabolism and a decline in renal excretion. Despite of solid experimental evidence for nephrotoxic effects, the impact of uremic toxins on the progression of CKD has not been investigated in representative patient cohorts. In this analysis, IS and pCS serum concentrations were measured in 604 pediatric participants (mean eGFR of 27 ± 11 ml/min/1.73m2) at enrolment into the prospective Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with CKD study. Associations with progression of CKD were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazard models. During a median follow up time of 2.2 years (IQR 4.3-0.8 years), the composite renal survival endpoint, defined as 50% loss of eGFR, or eGFR <10ml/min/1.73m2 or start of renal replacement therapy, was reached by 360 patients (60%). Median survival time was shorter in patients with IS and pCS levels in the highest versus lowest quartile for both IS (1.5 years, 95%CI [1.1,2.0] versus 6.0 years, 95%CI [5.0,8.4]) and pCS (1.8 years, 95%CI [1.5,2.8] versus 4.4 years, 95%CI [3.4,6.0]). Multivariable Cox regression disclosed a significant association of IS, but not pCS, with renal survival, which was independent of other risk factors including baseline eGFR, proteinuria and blood pressure. In this exploratory analysis we provide the first data showing a significant association of IS, but not pCS serum concentrations with the progression of CKD in children, independent of other known risk factors. In the absence of comorbidities, which interfere with serum levels of uremic toxins, such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome, these results highlight the important role of uremic toxins and accentuate the unmet need of effective elimination strategies to lower the uremic toxin burden and abate progression of CKD

A Travel-Associated Legionella Pneumonia Case Diagnosed with Urinary Antigen Detection Test

A 70-year old man admitted to the hospital with malaise, high fever and cough. He had travelling history to Saudi Arabia 15 days before his admission. Physical findings revealed high fever (39°C), relative bradycardia, cyanosis and hepatomegaly. Thorax examination was normal but chest-radiography showed a pneumonic infiltration in the right lung. Urinary antigen detection test for Legionella pneumophila was positive. The symptoms of the patient were recovered and body temperature was normal on 3rd day of moxifloxacin intravenous 400 mg treatment. The patient has been discharged from hospital on the 10th day of therapy

Are Given Doses of Meropenem Adequate for Elderly Patients?

Introduction: Infections are major contributing factors to morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Aging affects various aspects of antibiotic pharmacokinetics, including absorption, distribution, and elimination. Maintaining adequate antibiotic concentrations is crucial in elderly individuals due to the heightened risk of treatment inadequacy. In this study, our objective was to investigate the plasma concentrations of meropenem, a commonly utilized antibiotic in elderly populations, and assess the impact of age on these measurements. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, we analyzed meropenem levels in a total of 177 blood samples obtained from 59 patients aged 65 and older. These patients were under the care of inpatient services outside the intensive care unit. Meropenem treatment was administered through intermittent infusions of 1 g in 0.5 hours every eight hours. A total of three blood samples were collected from each patient. These samples were collected on the third day of meropenem treatment, just before the next dose, at 30 and 120 minutes after the first dose. Plasma meropenem level was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis. To determine the effect of age on the results, the obtained data were compared with the patient characteristics and laboratory parameters. Results: Our results showed that in the first samples (Ctrough) plasma antibiotic concentrations exceeded the MIC in 20.3% of patients, while 79.7% remained at the subtherapeutic level. In the second (Cmax) and third samples (Cmid) 5.1% and 1.7% of patients remained at the subtherapeutic level, respectively. The plasma meropenem level was 8 mg/L and above in participants with four and more comorbidities, and this result demonstrated statistical significance (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Current guidelines for beta-lactam antibiotics do not provide predictable trough antibiotic concentrations in older adults hospitalized for infections. There is a need for predictive factors to inform antibiotic dosing in the elderly population, and a greater emphasis on therapeutic drug monitoring of beta-lactams in these patients would be beneficial

Diagnostic delay in rare diseases

OBJECTIVE Post-operative radiotherapy (PORT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially after complete resection, has long been an unresolved dilemma and debated among therapeutic disciplines. We aimed to evaluate the effects of different radiotherapy volumes and techniques on local-regional recurrence patterns and PORT results in patients with NSCLC. METHODS The results of 389 patients who underwent surgery and received PORT at 11 centers were analyzed retrospectively. The surgical margin was positive or closes in 100 (26%) patients. The PORT dose was a median of 50 Gy (36-60 Gy). Intensity-modulated RT methods were used in 68 (17.5%) patients. RESULTS The first recurrence of the patients who developed relapse, local recurrence was found in 77 (19.8%) patients, distant recurrence was found in 95 (24%) patients, and both recurrences was found in 30 (8%) patients. The median time to locoregional relapse was 14 months (1.84-59.7 months). Local-regional recurrence was not significantly higher in patients with positive surgical margins than in negative pa-tients (39% vs. 29%, p=0.1), but the dose administered to these patients was also higher. Mediastinal recurrence occurred in 28 (19%) patients who did not receive radiotherapy to the mediastinum; 25 of these recurrences (89%) were just near or outside the field. Cardiac events became 7% in all groups and did not change according to chosen mediastinal radiotherapy volume. CONCLUSION A clear description of the PORT volumes according to the localization of the primary tumor and the involved lymph nodes would be beneficial in terms of establishing the recurrence/toxicity balance better

An Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Behçet Disease Uveitis in Adults

Purpose: To develop an algorithm for the diagnosis of Behçet's disease (BD) uveitis based on ocular findings.Methods: Following an initial survey among uveitis experts, we collected multi-center retrospective data on 211 patients with BD uveitis and 207 patients with other uveitides, and identified ocular findings with a high diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Subsequently, we collected multi-center prospective data on 127 patients with BD uveitis and 322 controls and developed a diagnostic algorithm using Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis and expert opinion.Results: We identified 10 items with DOR >5. The items that provided the highest accuracy in CART analysis included superficial retinal infiltrate, signs of occlusive retinal vasculitis, and diffuse retinal capillary leakage as well as the absence of granulomatous anterior uveitis or choroiditis in patients with vitritis.Conclusion: This study provides a diagnostic tree for BD uveitis that needs to be validated in future studies