Shift Work Disorder and Mental and Physical Effects of Shift Work

With the growing prevalence of shift work all over the the world, the relationship between the daily lives of irregular lifestyles and rhythms is being investigated for those working as shift workers and their families. The effect of shift work on physical and mental health is a very important field of research in recent years. The onset and persistence of medical complications in shift workers includes impaired synchronization between work schedule rhythms and circadian clock. In this context, studies have been carried out showing the increased risk of sleep-wake disorders, gastrointestinal problems, and cardiovascular diseases. There is little information about the actual frequency, effect on health and treatment of shift work disorder, known as circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Shift work disorder includes insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness related with the work schedule. The aim of this rewiev, mentioning about the physical and mental effects of shift work, and to provide information about the diagnosis, clinic and treatment methods of shift-work disorder

The complexity of subjective experience during binocular rivalry

The appearance of transitions in binocular rivalry was categorized based on the content analysis of subjective descriptions of different transition types. The results also showed that the transitions in binocular rivalry appear in different forms and the stimulus content might trigger specific appearances of transitions

Vardiyalı Çalışma Bozukluğu ve Vardiyalı Çalışmanın Ruhsal ve Bedensel Etkileri

With the growing prevalence of shift work all over the the world, the relationship between the daily lives of irregular lifestyles and rhythms is being investigated for those working as shift workers and their families. The effect of shift work on physical and mental health is a very important field of research in recent years. The onset and persistence of medical complications in shift workers includes impaired synchronization between work schedule rhythms and circadian clock. In this context, studies have been carried out showing the increased risk of sleep-wake disorders, gastrointestinal problems, and cardiovascular diseases. There is little information about the actual frequency, effect on health and treatment of shift work disorder, known as circadian rhythm sleep disorder. Shift work disorder includes insomnia and/or excessive sleepiness related with the work schedule. The aim of this rewiev, mentioning about the physical and mental effects of shift work, and to provide information about the diagnosis, clinic and treatment methods of shift-work disorder

Comparison Of The Accuracy Of Periapical Radiography With Cbct Taken At 3 Different Voxel Sizes In Detecting Simulated Endodontic Complications: An Ex Vivo Study

Objectives: To compare the accuracy of a photostimulable phosphor plate sensor with cone beam CT (CBCT) images in the detection of simulated endodontic complications. Methods: Following simulated endodontic complications were created in 40 extracted human mandibular molar teeth: Group 1, Instrument separation (N = 10); Group 2, Strip perforation (N = 10); Group 3, Underfilling of root canals (N = 10); Group 4, Overfilling of root canals (N=10). Intraoral and CBCT images (voxel size: 0.075, 0.1 and 0.2 mm) were taken. Images were scored by 4 observers according to a 5-point scale. Weighted kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated. Receiveroperating characteristic analysis was performed and DeLong test was used to compare areaunder curve values. Significance level was set at p 0.05). For Group 4 (overfilling), higher Az values for CBCT images were obtained when compared to digital intraoral for observer 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: CBCT images may be useful as an adjunct to periapical imaging in the detection of endodontic complications, such as strip perforation and overfilled root canals.Wo

Association of Fine Motor Loss and Allodynia in Fibromyalgia: An fNIRS Study

Recent studies showed that fine motor control dysfunction was observed in fibromyalgia (FM) syndrome as well as allodynia. However, brain signatures of this association still remain unclear. In this study, finger tapping task (FTT) and median nerve stimulation (MNS) were applied to both hands of 15 FM patients and healthy controls (HC) to understand this relationship. Hemodynamic activity was measured simultaneously using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Experiments were analyzed separately by using 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA. Results for the FTT experiment revealed that HC showed higher activity than FM patients in bilateral superior parietal gyrus (SPG), left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and right somatosensory cortex (SI). Furthermore, right-hand FTT resulted in higher activity than left-hand FTT in left SPG, left SI and right motor cortex (MI). In the MNS experiment, FM patients showed higher activity than HC in bilateral SPG, right SMG, right SI and right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Negative correlation was observed in left SPG between FTT and MNS activities. Besides, MNS activity in left SPG was negatively correlated with left-hand pain threshold.This study revealed that left SPG might be an important indicator to associate fine motor loss and allodynia in FM

The complexity of human subjective experience during binocular rivalry

Our subjective experience of the sensory information is rich and complex. Yet, typical cognitive and perception psychology paradigms reduce it to a few pre-defined discrete categories, like yes/no answers or the Likert scales. In the current study, we examined the complexity of subjective visual experience during binocular rivalry, a major experimental paradigm used to study conscious visual perception and its neural mechanisms. Binocular rivalry occurs when the two eyes are presented with two different images that cannot be fused into a uniform percept. As a result, the conscious perception alternates between the two images with brief transition phases in-between. Fifty-two subjects viewed binocular rivalry produced by pairs of stimuli with different visual information (images, orthogonal gratings or moving dots). After each rivalry period, they indicated how many different transition types they perceived and described their perception of each transition type. Using content analysis we identified 20 unique categories over all subjects, sessions, and stimuli. On average, participants reported 2-3 unique transition categories for each visual stimulus combination. The categories were consistent for each observer over time but varied across participants and stimulus content. Our results show that perceptual transitions during binocular rivalry appear in different forms and depend on the specific visual stimulus content that induces rivalry. Our findings have implications for neuroimaging studies of binocular rivalry, which may yield different results depending on the exact experience of transitions. They also demonstrate how the complexity of subjective visual experience may be underestimated in traditional perception paradigms