Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Guidance on noncorticosteroid systemic immunomodulatory therapy in noninfectious uveitis: fundamentals of care for uveitis (focus) initiative

Topic: An international, expert-led consensus initiative to develop systematic, evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis in the era of biologics. Clinical Relevance: The availability of biologic agents for the treatment of human eye disease has altered practice patterns for the management of noninfectious uveitis. Current guidelines are insufficient to assure optimal use of noncorticosteroid systemic immunomodulatory agents. Methods: An international expert steering committee comprising 9 uveitis specialists (including both ophthalmologists and rheumatologists) identified clinical questions and, together with 6 bibliographic fellows trained in uveitis, conducted a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol systematic reviewof the literature (English language studies from January 1996 through June 2016; Medline [OVID], the Central Cochrane library, EMBASE,CINAHL,SCOPUS,BIOSIS, andWeb of Science). Publications included randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies with sufficient follow-up, case series with 15 cases or more, peer-reviewed articles, and hand-searched conference abstracts from key conferences. The proposed statements were circulated among 130 international uveitis experts for review.Atotal of 44 globally representativegroupmembersmet in late 2016 to refine these guidelines using a modified Delphi technique and assigned Oxford levels of evidence. Results: In total, 10 questions were addressed resulting in 21 evidence-based guidance statements covering the following topics: when to start noncorticosteroid immunomodulatory therapy, including both biologic and nonbiologic agents; what data to collect before treatment; when to modify or withdraw treatment; how to select agents based on individual efficacy and safety profiles; and evidence in specific uveitic conditions. Shared decision-making, communication among providers and safety monitoring also were addressed as part of the recommendations. Pharmacoeconomic considerations were not addressed. Conclusions: Consensus guidelines were developed based on published literature, expert opinion, and practical experience to bridge the gap between clinical needs and medical evidence to support the treatment of patients with noninfectious uveitis with noncorticosteroid immunomodulatory agents

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

The effect of microstructure on micro- and macro-scale corrosion and passivation behaviour of low-alloyed ferrous materials

Team Yaiza Gonzalez Garci

An Analysis of a Historical Mansion that has Come Down to the Present Day from the Time of the Transformation of a City into a Neighborhood, and the Effects of this Transformation on the Mansion and City: The Kadirbeyzade Mansion in Old Gümü?hane

The city of Old Gümü?hane was founded on a sloping ground with rich silver mines in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Because of the loss of its socio-economic power in time, it moved to a valley of 1150 m altitude which is 4 kilometres away from its original place of foundation and which is close to the express way. In its place of foundation, the city was called as Argyropolis and Canca respectively. After the onset of the migration of the population from the city, it was called Eski?ehir and Old Gümü?hane respectively; and when it lost its status as a city and reduced to the status of a neighbourhood it was called as Süleymaniye. A close look at the architectural character of the city which transformed into a neighborhood showed that especially a certain mansion among the civil architectural examples had some different characteristics from other historical buildings and had a considerable effect on the civil architectural examples that were built after it. However, it is well-known that the mansion shows the characteristics of buildings in other cities. In other words, it is an imitation of a house in another city (it was found that the house by which it was affected is in one of the cities on the route of the Silk Road). It is interesting that such a building affected other buildings which were built after it especially in terms of the façades and that its identity is so dominant. The main aims of this study are to identify the characteristics of the mansion that affected other buildings, the characteristics of other historical buildings, and the common and different characteristics of the buildings. Furtheremore, the fact that it still maintains its effect although the city transformed into a neighborhood in the historical process, and that the mansion still stands while most of similar examples disappeared in time reveal its importance more clearly. The mansion has come down to the present day but has now been in a very poor condition. It is necessary that the building survey, reconstitution and restoration projects of the mansion be made and the house be handed down the next generations in the context of sustainability.UrbanismArchitectur

Fast time domain integral equation based electromagnetic analysis: A maturing technosclogy

The analysis of transient scattering from perfectly conducting as well as potentially inhomogeneous penetrable bodies often is effected using marching on in time based time domain integral equation methods. This paper reviews the state of the art in the field, highlighting recent advances that address not only their stability and computational efficiency, but also their convergence and hybridization/interoperability with other solvers. The potential of this maturing technology is demonstrated via its application to several challenging electromagnetic compatibility and interference problems

Properties of Passive Films Formed on Ferrite-Martensite and Ferrite-Pearlite Steel Microstructures

The effect of ferrite-pearlite and ferrite-martensite phase combinations on the passive layer properties of low carbon steel is investigated in a 0.1 M NaOH solution. Heat treatments were designed to obtain ferrite-pearlite and ferrite-martensite microstructures with similar ferrite volume fractions. Potentiostatic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results demonstrated the lower barrier properties of passive films on ferrite-martensite microstructure compared to the ones formed on ferrite-pearlite microstructure. This was attributed to the higher donor density of the passive layer on ferrite-martensite samples, measured with Mott–Schottky analysis. This behaviour was explained by the complex microstructure morphology of the martensite phase that led to the formation of a more defective passive filmTeam Yaiza Gonzalez GarciaTeam Jilt Sietsm

Role of Grain Size and Recrystallization Texture in the Corrosion Behavior of Pure Iron in Acidic Medium

This work investigates the role of grain size and recrystallization texture in the corrosion behavior of pure iron in 0.1 M sulfuric acid solution. Annealing heat treatment was applied to obtain samples with different average grain sizes (26, 53 and 87 µm). Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction techniques were used to characterize the microstructure. The EBSD data analysis showed ferrite phase with no inclusions and very low geometrically necessary dislocation density, indicating strain-free grains constituting all samples. The crystallographic texture analysis of the samples revealed that the 26 µm grain size sample had a high volume fraction of {111} oriented grains parallel to the sample surface, while other samples exhibited nearly random crystallographic texture. The electrochemical results from potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed a decrease in corrosion resistance from 87 µm to 53 µm grain size sample and then an increase for the 26 µm grain size sample. This increase was attributed to the dominant effect of recrystallization texture on the corrosion behavior of the sample. The cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics was found to play a decisive role in the corrosion behavior of iron.Team Yaiza Gonzalez GarciaTeam Maria Santofimia NavarroTeam Jilt Sietsm

Passive Film Properties of Martensitic Steels in Alkaline Environment: Influence of the Prior Austenite Grain Size

The role of prior austenite grain size (PAGS) on the passive layer properties of martensitic steels is studied. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis shows that PAGS between 5 and 66 µm were obtained after applying different heat treatments. The barrier properties of passive film deteriorate with grain refinement up to 28 µm, attributed to increased donor density and a decrease in the fraction of γ-Fe2O3 in passive films. However, the further refinement of PAGS to 5 µm leads to improvement in the barrier properties due to the changes within the martensite structure. This improvement stems from the increase in γ-Fe2O3 fraction.Team Yaiza Gonzalez GarciaIntelligent VehiclesTeam Jilt Sietsm

Effect of microstructural defects on passive layer properties of interstitial free (IF) ferritic steels in alkaline environment

The role of microstructural defects (dislocation density and grain boundary areas) on the passive film properties formed on cold- and hot-rolled interstitial free (IF) steels is investigated in 0.1 M NaOH solution. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) shows higher microstructural defect density on cold-rolled samples. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results exhibit the lower barrier properties of passive films with the increase in microstructural defects. This is attributed to the increase in donor density measured with Mott-Schottky analysis and the lower relative quantity of protective γ-Fe2O3 in passive films (composed of Fe3O4,γ-Fe2O3 and FeO(OH)) with the increase in microstructural defect density.Team Yaiza Gonzalez GarciaTeam Jilt SietsmaMaterials Science and Engineerin