Liquid phase diffusion growth of SiGe single crystals under magnetic fields

The manuscript presents the results of a combined experimental and modeling study on the Liquid Phase Diffusion (LPD) growth of single crystal SixGe1-x on Germanium with and with the application of magnetic fields. Although the LPD process is mainly diffusion driven through out the growth period, strong natural thermosolutal convection occurs in the first five hours of growth, and the growth interface is concave to the melt. Applied rotating and static magnetic fields were considered to examine the growth and silicon dissolution processes in the LPD system. Results show that the application of a combined applied magnetic is beneficial

An Analysis of Relationship of Sleep Pattern and Sleep Quality with Eating Behaviour among University Students

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between sleeping habits and quality of eating habits of students. The study was conducted on 248 (135 female, 113 male) healthy individuals, aged 18-32 years, who were educated at Hasan Kalyoncu University Health Sciences High School between November 2015 and March 2016. Individual characteristics of the individual, food consumption and nutrition habits, anthropometric measurements and physical activities were questioned with a questionnaire. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to determine the duration and quality of sleep of individuals. The mean age of women participating in the study was 20.33 +/- 2.16 years, the mean age of male subjects was 21.39 +/- 2.31 years, the mean BMI of female subjects was 22.3 +/- 3.5 kg / m(2) and the mean BMI of male subjects was 24.8 +/- 3.7 kg / m(2). The mean duration of sleep of the female subjects was found to be 7.11 +/- 1.42 hours and the mean duration of sleep of the male subjects was 7.09 +/- 1.42 hours. 38.5% of the female subjects had a Pittsburgh score of less than 5 and 5, good sleep quality, 61.5% had a Pittsburgh score of 6 or more, and poor sleep quality. 42.5% of male subjects had a Pittsburgh score of less than 5 and 5, good sleep quality, 57.5% had a Pittsburgh score of 6 or more, and poor sleep quality. The mean energy intake of female subjects on a one-day diet was 1333.30 +/- 524.19 kcal, and the mean energy intake of male subjects on a one-day diet was found to be 2010.1 +/- 824.70 kcal. There was a high statistically significant difference in energy consumption among individuals compared to gender (P = 0.001). There was a very weak significant correlation between negative fat saturated fatty acids and sleep duration (r = -0.129, P = 0.042). The mean PAL value of female subjects was 1.87 +/- 0.35, and the mean PAL value of male subjects was 1.98 +/- 0.18. There was a very high statistically significant difference between PAL values (P = 0.002). As a result, sleep duration and quality are indispensable for healthy nutrition and healthy living. It is seen that shortening the sleeping period and decreasing the sleep quality causes many health problems such as obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance. It is aimed to improve the sleep duration and quality of the students, to live a healthier life with optimal nutrition and thus to minimize the risk of diseases

Das türkische Militär

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den geschichtlichen Ereignissen, die jeweils einem Putsch bzw. einem Putschversuch vorausgegangen sind. Das türkische Militär hat nach den jüngsten Geschehnissen einen Bedeutungswandel erlitten. Mittlerweile kann ihm nicht mehr die gleiche Rolle, wie bei der Republikgründung unter Mustafa Kemal Atatürk zugesprochen werden.Die Arbeit ist ein Erklärungsversuch, was zu dieser Transformation des türkischen Militärs geführt hat, beziehungsweise was die neue Rolle des Militärs ausmacht

Water Stress Hinders In Vitro Regeneration of Plants

Plants could be propagated vegetatively via small parts of living tissue called as ‘explant’ on growth mediums under sterile conditions. Plant cell has the ability of forming whole fertile plant which is called \u27totipotency\u27, under in vitro culture conditions. High-frequency shoot regeneration is one of the main aims of in vitro culture and it is a prerequisite to guarantee the success in transformation studies and in clonal propagation of plants. It is well known that growth regulators in culture medium and the type of explant affect in vitro regeneration frequency significantly. In this chapter, the importance of tissue water content on in vitro culture response is discussed. Increasing water content of the explant before culture initiation gives rise to increased regeneration capacity. On the other hand, increasing the tissue’s osmotic pressure enables the explant to intake water, all solutes and growth regulators from the growth medium which results in high-frequency shoot regeneration. However, tissues with lack of water are usually not successful in regenerating a satisfactory amount of shoots. The effect of water deficiency on explant’s regeneration capacity and the methods to overcome this problem are discussed in this chapter

An Investigation on Residential Satisfaction in Mass Housing: A Case Study of Garanti Houses in Konya-Turkey

In due course, the changing culture, technological developments have continually presented new dimensions to shelter. All the quests and new solutions to housing have aimed to satisfy the users. Housing evaluation is a field that determines whether the housing fulfils the necessary conditions for the users' mental and physical health, whether the users would be content as individuals and as families, and whether the big housing investments would go down the drain. The mistakes in housing practices are constantly repeated. Housing evaluations have recently gained great importance in order to evade these inaccuracies. This study tackles user satisfaction in mass housing systems. The field of study is Garanti Houses, the largest mass housing in gated community-style in Konya. User satisfaction with inner and outdoor spaces is investigated and evaluated by means of user satisfaction questionnaires. Eventually, it is found out that the inhabitants of Garanti Houses are satisfied with the social facilities and the indoor and outdoor spaces of the housing complex, and with their locations at levels good and very good. It is believed that the findings to be obtained in this study will provide data for a participatory planning approach to the processes of planning of future mass housing projects

Immunohistochemical expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in subcutaneous versus omental adipose tissue in patients after elective abdominal surgery

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a biomarker of thrombosis. Adipose and vascular tissues are among the major sources of PAI-1 production. Previous studies indicated that fat deposits mediate increased cardiovascular risk among obese individuals. We investigated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PAI-1 in adipose and vascular tissues from the omentum and the subcutaneous tissue. The pathology samples were selected from 37 random patients who underwent elective abdominal surgery between 2008-2009. PAI-1 expression was semi-quantitatively scored and compared between the groups. Significant differences were noted in the IHC expression of PAI-1 between the omental and the subcutaneous adipose tissues (1.1 ± 0.8 versus 0.8 ± 0.6, respectively (p=0.05)). Adipose tissue displayed higher IHC expression of PAI-1 compared to vascular wall tissue in both omentum and subcutaneous sections (1.1 ± 0.8 versus 0.5 ± 0.9 (p=0.004), and 0.8 ± 0.6 versus 0.4 ± 0.6 (p=0.003), respectively). In conclusion, our study compared PAI-1 expression in the omentum versus the subcutaneous tissue and adipose versus vascular tissues. IHC expression of PAI-1 level was significantly higher in the omental adipose tissue compared to the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adipose tissue displayed significantly higher PAI-1 expression than vascular tissue. The study elucidates the biological differences of adipose and vascular tissue from subcutaneous versus omental sections

Tree Growth Yield and Fruit Quality of Different Apple Cultivars Trained as Super Spindle

This study was carried out on Topaz, Cooper 39 and Muscat apple cultivars grafted on M27 rootstocks under Tokat ecological conditions during 2008 - 2010. The trees planted in 2.0 m x 0.5 m row spacing (10,000 trees ha-1) and trained to super spindle (SS) training system. The vegetative development, yield and fruit quality performances of the trees supported by wire – pole combination were observed for three years. At the end of the experiment, it was determined that Cooper 39 had a higher trunk cross sectional area (TCA) than Topaz and Muscat. While cumulative yield (CY) per tree and cumulative yield efficiency (CYE) were determined to be the highest in Cooper 39, these values were found to be the lowest in Topaz. CY per hectare over the first three crop year was found to be the highest in Cooper 39 and the yield reached to 142.9 t.ha1. The lowest CY per hectare (69.6 ton ha-1) was determined in Topa

Doxycycline plus streptomycin versus ciprofloxacin plus rifampicin in spinal brucellosis [ISRCTN31053647]

Background: The optimal treatment regimen and duration of the therapy is still controversial in spinal brucellosis. The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy, adverse drug reactions, complications and cost of ciprofloxacin plus rifampicin versus doxycycline plus streptomycin in the treatment of spinal brucellosis

The characterization and biological treatability of polyamid fibre based carpet finishing waste waters

Polyamid esaslı halı işlem ve üretiminden oluşan atıksuların biyolojik arıtılabilirliğini değerlendiren bu çalışma, farklı atıksu akımları ve kompozit çıkış suyunun detaylı karakterizasyonu, kinetik tanımlaması ve respirometrik modellemesini içermektedir. Günümüze kadar yapılan endüstriyel atık sudaki çalışmaların çoğunluğu tesis dışına akan maddeleri ve genellikle de boru sonu yaklaşımını üzerinedir. Atıksuyun ortalama KOİ’si 1675 mg/l olup 1450-1900 mgKOİ/l aralığında değişmekte olup biyolojik arıtılabilirlik çalışmalarında açık renk boyama atıksuları kullanılmıştır. Organik maddenin %80-90’ı çözünmüş olmasına karşın çok az bir kısmı biyolojik olarak kolay ayrışabilen ve hemen hemen tamamı yavaş ayrışabilir formdadır. Deney sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesinde respirometrik yöntem ve aerobik sistemdeki oksijen tüketim miktarı başlıca model parametresi olarak kullanılmıştır. Respirometrik değerlendirmeler çerçevesinde yavaş ayrışan fraksiyon en iyi şekilde ikili hidroliz mekanizması ile tanımlanmaktadır. Sürekli ve tam karışımlı aktif çamur sistemleri için dizayn uygulamaları, 10 günlük çamur yaşında pek yaygın olmayan 3 günlük uzun bir hidrolik bekletme süresini tanımlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Polyamid elyaf, halı üretimi, biyolojik ayrışabilirlik, atıksu karakterizasyonu, yavaş ayrışabilir KOİ, modelleme.Textile industry uses natural and artificial fibres and produces fabric and other textile products which contain also carpet material. So far, the majority of studies on industrial wastewaters has been conducted on plant effluents and mostly reflects an end of pipe approach. The results in the literature mainly report to what extent wastewaters are biodegradable but contain little or no information on the nature of biologically resistant compounds or COD fractions. Industrial wastewaters include a waste array of chemicals used in different steps of the manufacturing process. The impact of these chemical can best be envisaged in different wastewater streams are evaluated in terms of their individual biodegradation characteristics. Respirometric methods and the use of oxygen uptake rate in aerobic systems as a major model parameter has been a major asset in the identification of COD fractions with different biodegradation rates and in model evaluation and calibration of experimental data. These methods are especially useful in cases individual specific pollutants are hard to identify. This paper evaluates biological treatability of wastewaters generated from polyamid based carpet processing and manufacturing. It involves detailed characterization, kinetic description and respirometric modelling of different wastewater streams and the composite effluent. The average COD of the wastewater is measured as 1675 mg/l, varying in the range of 1450-1900 mg/l. Light color dying wastewaters are utilized for biological treatability due to a higher dye content associated with this process. COD fractionation indicates a 80-90 % soluble COD fraction, almost totally slowly biodegradable with a very small readily biodegradable portion. A dual hydrolysis mechanism best describes the biodegradation of the slowly soluble fraction, based on respirometric evaluations. Experimental results have been tested by a multi-component mathematical model using the endogenous decay approach and hydrolysis constants corre­sponding to the slowly biodegradable COD fractions have been evaluated using curve fitting. The very low rate coefficients characterizing the hydrolysis of the large part of the soluble COD bring interesting difficul­ties in the design of biological treatment systems. Design applications for continuous-flow activated sludge systems identify an unusually long hydraulic retention time of 3 days at a sludge age of 10 days. Respirometric analysis of the main wastewater streams provided in dept information on the biodegradation characteristics, which could be translated into the composite plant effluent and confirmed by appropriate COD mass balance. The evaluation showed that acrylic and polyamid carpet finishing wastewater was quite different from domestic sewage and other textile effluents in terms of COD fractionation and biodegradation. It could be characterized by dual hydrolysis of soluble and particulate COD components occurring at much slower rates compared to other wastewaters. The hydrolysis rate of the particulate COD was almost comparable to endogenous decay. Furthermore, in biological treatability studies, respirometry based modeling showed that the acclimated biomass exhibited similar biological response to individual wastewaters originated from each process step compared to composite sample characterizing the overall process scheme of acrylic and polyamid carpet production. On the other hand, simulation results on performance prediction and overall treatability indicate that slow hydrolysis of the major fraction of soluble COD, although rate limiting, does not pose a significant problem for effluent quality. Keywords: Polyamid fibre, carpet manufacturing, biological treatability, wastewater characterization,  slowly biodegradable COD, modelling

Sepsis and Meningitis due to Listeria Monocytogenes

Purpose: This study focused on the effect of immuno-compromising conditions on the clinical presentation of severe listerial infection. Patients and Methods: Nine human listeriosis cases seen from 1991-2002 were reviewed. All adult patients, from whose blood, peritoneal fluid or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) the L. monocytogenes was isolated, were included in this retrospective study. Results: Listeriosis presented as primary sepsis with positive blood cultures in 5 cases and meningitis with positive CSF cultures in 4 cases. All of these patients had at least one underlying disease, most commonly, hematologic malignancy, diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis and hepatic cirrhosis; 55.6% had received immunosuppressive or corticosteroid therapy within a week before the onset of listeriosis. The patients were adults with a mean age of 60 years. Fever, night sweats, chills and lethargy were the most common symptoms; high temperature (> 38 degrees C), tachycardia, meningeal signs and poor conditions in general were the most common findings on admission. The mortality rate was 33.3% and was strictly associated with the severity of the underlying disease. Mortality differences were significant between sepsis (20%) and meningitis (50%) patients. Conclusion: Listeriosis as an uncommon infection in our region and that immunesuppressive therapy is an important pre-disposing factor of listeriosis. Sepsis and meningitis were more common in this group of patients and had the highest case-fatality rate for food-bome illnesses