NOx and CO Emissions Of Rice Straw, Coconut Shell and Biobriket

Biobriquette can be used to anticipate the high fossil fuel needed as alternative fuel, cheap and easily obtained. Biobriquette is solid fuel and derived from organic residues. Generally, coal biobriquette making process used biomass waste such as straws, sawdust or various shell biomasses (coffee, cocoa, hazelnut, corn, cassava and jatropha waste). In this research used biomass waste from rice straw with adding the various coconut shell compositions. The compositions of rice straw: coconut shell are 50% : 50 %, 60%: 40%, 70% : 30%, 80% : 20%, 90% : 10% with 10 % tapioca adhesive addition. One of variables determined the biobriquette quality was pollution level generated in the combustion process which was Nox and CO gas. In this research obtained best quality composition of rice straw : coconut shell was 50% : 50% and had emission level for Nox gas at 3.17 mg/m3 and CO gas at 0.5 mg/m3. The biobriquette product was feasible due to the emission value were below the emission standards set for Nox ≤ 1000 mg/m3 and CO ≤ 500 mg/m3

MEKANISME ADSORBEN ZEOLIT DAN MANGANESE ZEOLIT TERHADAP LOGAM BESI (Fe)

Iron (Fe) is an essential metal whose presence in certain amounts is needed by living organisms, but in excess amounts it can cause toxic effects. This study aims to determine the effect of optimum contact time and optimum mass variation on Fe metal reduction using zeolite and manganese zeolite adsorbents. In addition, isotherm studies and adsorption kinetics were carried out. The variations in contact time used in this study were 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Meanwhile, the adsorbent mass variations used were 1 and 1.5 grams. From the results of this study it is known that the optimum time for the adsorption of Fe metal is 60 minutes with an adsorbent mass of 1.5 grams, a decrease in concentration of 51.1394% for manganese zeolite adsorbent and 47.6074% for zeolite adsorbent. . The iron ion adsorption process using zeolite and manganese zeolite follows the Freundlich adsorption equation model. The adsorption rates of zeolite on ferrous metals for masses of 1 gram and 1.5 grams tend to follow the second order pseudo kinetics model

PEMBUATAN BISKUIT DARI PASTA UBI UNGU (Pasta Diproses Menggunakan Rotary Evaporator)

The provision of breast milk (ASI) cannot optimally fulfill the increasing nutritional needs of infants after entering the age of 6 months, so it must be balanced with complementary feeding of breast milk (MP-ASI). One of the foods that contain lots of nutrients for babies is purple sweet potato. Purple sweet potato can be processed into a paste for raw materials for making biscuits as complementary food for ASI (MP-ASI). The aim of this research is to make biscuits according to SNI No. 01-7111.2-2005 using raw material for purple sweet potato paste. The concentration of bait used was 62.5%, 55.5% and 50%. Purple sweet potato paste is made using a rotary evaporator. The results showed that the optimum operating conditions for the rotary evaporator in producing the paste were at a feed concentration of 55.5%, the viscosity, density and water content values obtained were 311.4176 mPa.s, 1.0885 gr / mL and 57.7578%. The paste produced from the rotary evaporator is then used to make purple sweet potato biscuits. The analysis showed that the carbohydrate, protein, fat and water content were 39.30%, 8.42%, 20.35% and 16.05%. The purple sweet potato biscuits that were produced were close to SNI No. 01-7111.2-2005

UNJUK KERJA ALAT PEMBUATAN TEPUNG MOCAF TERHADAP REDUKSI HCN DAN PROTEIN SELAMA PENGERINGAN

The Mocaf flour maker that made for this research consists of grater, dryer and discmill. In this research is caried out design of dryer that the type of belt conveyer dryer by using blower as a source of air suply and combining grater and discmill into one series. The performance test of the tool for this research is reviewed from the analysis of HCN and proteint content for the Mocaf flourproduced from Manihot Glaviozii for drying temperature in the dryer with temperature variations 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100 ℃. Based on the performance test of the tool, the drying process using temperature variations in the dryer affects the results of the reduction of HCN and protein content in the Mocaf flour products produced for drying process with the temperature variation showed that the greater the drying temperature, the greater the reduction of HCN and protein contained in Mocaf flour.The results of HCN analysis contained in Mocaf flour products experienced HCN reduction 66% while in the reduction of protein contained in Mocaf flour 67.83

Synthesis of Rice Straw and Coconut Shell-Based Bio Briquettes as an Alternative Energy

This comparison of composition and particle size of bio briquettes from the raw material of the rice straw-coconut shell mixture can produce solid fuels with high calorific value and minimum pollutants. This study aims to synthesize bio briquettes based on a mixture of rice straw and coconut shells, to find the best composition to obtain high-calorie bio briquettes. In the first stage, analyzing bio briquettes with a composition ratio of rice straw-coconut shells are 90:10; 80:20: 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60; 30:70; 20:80 and the particle size (mesh) are 20, 60, 100, 140 and 170. Determine the characteristics of the bio briquette, it consists of inherent matter (IM), volatile matter (VM), ash content (AC), fixed carbon (FC), and calorific value (CV). From the analysis results obtained data that accordance to SNI 01-6235-2000, namely the ratio of rice straw and coconut shell mixture of 55:45 with a particle size of 98 mesh obtained CV of  5005 cal/g, IM of 7.0985%, VM of 26,3971%, AC of 22,2198%, FC of 44,2421%

EVALUASI KINERJA KALSIUM BORAT SEBAGAI PENGGANTI PROPPANT PADA ABRASIVE PERFORATION MENGGUNAKAN COIL TUBING UNIT

Metode perforasi konvensional yang melibatkan bahan peledak memiliki banyak kekurangan terutama pada sisi transportasi dan penanganan, pengoperasian yang sulit serta kondisi berbahaya lain yang menyebabkan bahan peledak terjatuh kedalam sumur. Oleh karena itu, metode perforasi abrasif menjadi pilihan yang tepat untuk masa yang akan dating. Penggunaan proppant sebagai media abrasif yang umumnya digunakan, menimbulkan permasalahan pada pembersihan endapan di lubang sumur. Sehingga, penggunaan kalsium borat yang memiliki sifat abrasif dan dapat larut didalam HCl diharapkan dapat mengatasi permasalahan yang ada pada proppant agar tidak memerlukan tindakan pembersihan dan dapat mengehemat waktu operasi, biaya dan meningkatkan keamanan pada sisi operasional secara sekaligus. Pada studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektifitas dari penggunaan kalsium borat pada perforasi abrasif. Data-data yang dijadikan sumber yaitu data primer yang didapat melalui pengamatan langsung pada saat eksekusi dan Data sekunder yang diperoleh dari sumber kedua dengan mengambil parameter-parameter yang dibutuhkan untuk hal analisis dan pembahasan ataupun melalui kajian pustaka yang mendukung studi kasus. Hasil analisis kedua data tersebut di bagi kedalam dua tahapan, pada tahapan eksekusi diperoleh bahwa durasi rata-rata dari 37 stages perforasi yang telah dilakukan sebesar 13,7 menit melebihi durasi yang dibutuhkan secara analisis yaitu 12,9 menit. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semua stage perforasi berhasil terlubangi. Sedangkan pada tahapan pasca perforasi abrasif, dilakukan pengamatan parameter produksi sumur selama 7 hari berupa laju alir produksi, kadar air, tekanan alir dan dan ukuran choke. Dari parameter tersebut dilakukan analisis sehingga diperoleh angka persentase yang menunjukkan efektivitas perforasi pada perforasi abrasif menggunakan kalsium borate berada diangka 84% atau 93 lubang yang efektif memproduksi dari total 111 lubang yang diperforasi. Dimana sangat memenuhi ekspektasi dari perusahaan berdasarkan Saudi Aramco Workover Manual

PAPAN PARTIKEL AMPAS TEBU (Saccharum officinarum) DENGAN PEREKAT HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE

The problem regarding the availability of raw materials for the timber industry encourages research on the use of lignocellulosic materials to develop, one of which is bagasse. The large amount of bagasse and plastic waste that is not utilized as waste in the community makes it possible to carry out further processing into particle board. Plastic waste that can be used as an adhesive in the manufacture of particle boards is high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic. The method used was Hand lay-up, which was arranging the pattern of bagasse fibers randomly and bidirectional crossed, the ratio of adhesive and bagasse fibers 70:30, compressed by varying the pressing time of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 minutes 150 0C and a pressure of 100 kgf/cm2. The best results from the manufacture of particle board under 60 minutes of pressing, the bidirectional arrangement pattern has better physical and mechanical properties than the random arrangement pattern. Showed the values of crossed bidirectional fiber moisture content is 4,898%, density 0.64 g/cm3, swelling 8.15% , water absorption 21.71% , MOR 483.11 kgf/cm2 and MOE 1740.95 kgf/cm2

Analysis of downdraft low rank coal performance gasification by variations coal to syngas product

Indonesia has the potential for abundant coal reserves. Data from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (2011) states that Indonesia's total coal is estimated at 119.4 billion tons, of which 48% is located in South Sumatra, with 70% of the deposits being brown or low quality coal. With the high amount available, the direct use of coal has several shortcomings, one of which is that coal releases gases (CO2, N2O, NOx, SOx and Hg) which cause global warming. Coal gasification is a process for converting solid coal into a gas mixture that has a fuel value (Triantoro, A., 2013). Coal gasification will produce producer gas in the form of synthetic gas (syngas) with the main components consisting of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and (CH4) gas. By converting coal using gasification as a clean energy producer, a blower as a regulator of air flow, a cyclone as a tar separator and a gas cooler. Based on the results of testing the variation of coal used, the variation of 5515 Kcal / Kg coal has a rapid rise in temperature and is able to produce a flame for 115 minutes. with the composition of Syngas CO and CH4 of 12.4% an 1.2%, while the coal variation of 4640 Kcal / Kg produces the highest H2 of 6.9%. Coal 5515 Kcal / Kg produces the largest percentage of syngas conversion, carbon conversion, LHV, power output and stove efficiency, namely 13.46%, 70.397%, 2.427 MJ / Kg, 18.403 KW and 31.23

Design of Dry Cell HHO Generator using NaCl Solution for Hydrogen Production

Nowadays, electrical energy is a source of basic human needs, which continues to increase with the increase in population, both in the household sector, government agencies and industry. With the increase in excessive use of electricity, it can produce emissions, and also the carbon produced will certainly have an impact on global warming because electricity is mostly still using fossil-based energy for that the use of other alternative energy is very helpful to reduce dependence on the use of fossil fuels. One of the things that attracts the attention of researchers today is using renewable energy in an effort to reduce the use of fossil energy. Among the most common alternative energies found is water, so this research focuses on designing dry cell type HHO (Hydrogen Hydrogen Oxygen) Generaor technology with water electrolysis which will produce hydrogen gas. The HHO generator functions to break down water (H2O) into hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms which became known as HHO gas or Oxy-Hydrogen. Testing the gas flow HHO Generator will use NaCl and there is a reservoir tube to see the rise and fall of water from the gas produced. NaCL used in the size of 20 grams, 50 grams, 75 grams, and 100 grams dissolved in 500 cc of water. From the results of this study, variations in NaCL affect the release of gas bubbles in the reservoir tube where the hydrolysis test of 500 cc of water with 100 grams of NaCL at a time of 180-210 seconds produces 175 cc of gas

NOx and CO Emissions Of Rice Straw, Coconut Shell and Biobriket Combustion As Alternative Fuel

Biobriquette can be used to anticipate the high fossil fuel needed as alternative fuel, cheap and easily obtained. Biobriquette is solid fuel and derived from organic residues. Generally, coal biobriquette making process used biomass waste such as straws, sawdust or various shell biomasses (coffee, cocoa, hazelnut, corn, cassava and jatropha waste). In this research used biomass waste from rice straw with adding the various coconut shell compositions. The compositions of rice straw: coconut shell are 50% : 50 %, 60%: 40%, 70% : 30%, 80% : 20%, 90% : 10% with 10 % tapioca adhesive addition. One of variables determined the biobriquette quality was pollution level generated in the combustion process which was Nox and CO gas. In this research obtained best quality composition of rice straw : coconut shell was 50% : 50% and had emission level for Nox gas at 3.17 mg/m3 and CO gas at 0.5 mg/m3. The biobriquette product was feasible due to the emission value were below the emission standards set for Nox � 1000 mg/m3 and CO � 500 mg/m3