The morphology of the interventricular structures of the heart in 80-day-old wild pig fetal siblings

İnsanda ve birçok hayvan türünde kalbin makro ve mikro yapısının ortaya konulduğu çeşitli çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak yaban domuzu fetuslarında ayrıntılı morfolojik bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın var olan bilgi eksikliğinin giderilmesine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada %10’luk formaldehit ile tespit edilen 80 günlük yaban domuzu fetusuna ait 7 adet kalp kullanıldı. Diseksiyon ve fotoğraflama işlemlerinden sonra alınan doku örneklerine rutin histolojik prosedür uygulandı. Hazırlanan bloklardan elde edilen 5 mikronluk kesitlere genel histolojik yapıyı ortaya koymak amacıyla Crossman’ın modifiye triple boyama tekniği uygulandı. Valva atrioventricularis dextra’nın incelenen tüm kalplerde cuspis septalis, cuspis angularis ve cuspis parietalis olmak üzere üç yapraktan oluştuğu belirlendi. Valva atrioventricularis sinistra’nın incelenen tüm kalplerde cuspis septalis ve cuspis parietalis olmak üzere iki yapraktan oluştuğu belirlendi. Ventriculus dexter’de dış duvara yerleşmiş 1 adet m. papillaris magnus’a, septal duvara yerleşmiş 1 adet m. papillaris subarteriosus’a ve 1-2 adet mm. papillares parvi’ye rastlandı. Ventriculus sinister’in dış duvarına yerleşmiş 1 adet m. papillaris subauricularis ve 1 adet m. papillaris subatrialis’e rastlandı. Sağ ventriküllerin hepsinde trabeculae septomarginalis’e rastlanırken, sol ventrikülde rastlanmamıştır. Sağ ventrikülde chordae tendinea sayısının 17-24 adet, sol ventrikülde ise 15-20 adet arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Kalbin atrioventriküler hattı boyunca alınan transversal kesitlerde sol ventrikülün dış duvarında subendokardial purkinje hücreleri görüldü. Kalbin uzun ekseni boyunca gömülmesiyle elde edilen kesitlerde ise sol ventrikül septal duvarının subendokardında atrioventricular bundle ve Purkinje hücre toplulukları görüldü. Ayrıca sağ ventrikülün dış duvarından alınan kesitlerde periarterial purkinje hücrelerine rastlandı. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda 80 günlük yaban domuzu fetuslarına ait kalplerde bütün yapıların oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir.Since there is no literature focused on the macro and micro structrure of the heart of the wild pig fetuses, this study aimed to contribute to the lack of information in this area. In this study, 7 hearts which belongs to the 80 days old fetuses of the wild pigs were used after fixation. After dissection and photographing, Crossmans modified triple staining technique was applied on the sections taken. The right atrioventricular valves possessed septal, angular, and parietal; while the left atrioventricular valves composed septal and parietal cusps. In the right ventricle, there was one posterior papillary muscle on the outer wall, one anterior papillary muscle and 1-2 septal papillary muscles on the septal wall. In the parietal wall of the left ventricle, there was one subauricular papillary muscle and one subatrial papillary muscle. Even the septomarginal trabecula was seen in all right ventricules examined, the left ventricles possessed any. There were17-24 in the right and 15-20 tendinous chords in the left ventricle. In the sections taken along the atrioventricular line, subendocardial purkinje cells were seen at the parietal wall of the left ventricle. In the long axis sections of the heart, there were purkinje cell aggregates and atrioventricular bundle at the subendocard of the septal wall of the left ventricle. Besides, periarterial purkinje cells were seen at the sections of the parietal wall of the right ventricle. It was determined that all the structures were formed at the hearts of 80 days old fetuses of the wild pig

Clinical and pathological features of adrenal myelolipoma and myelolipomatous metaplasia cases in our hospital over 13 years

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The development and widespread use of abdominal imaging techniques has increased the incidence of unexpected adrenal tumors called adrenal incidentaloma. Adrenal myelolipomas are the second most common incidentalomas. Similar myelolipomatous morphology appears as a secondary degenerative change in other adrenal lesions and is called myelolipomatous metaplasia. This study investigated the adrenal entities of the last 13 years which had myelolipomatous components.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, cases diagnosed as adrenal myelolipoma or myelolipomatous metaplasia between January, 2009 and January, 2022 were re-examined regarding their age, gender, localization, lesion size, and secondary histopathological changes, accompanying pathological diagnoses as well as clinical and radiological data.RESULTS: Eleven adrenal myelolipoma cases and 6 myelolipomatous metaplasia cases were detected. In myelolipomas, the mean age was 55.45 years, 73% were female and 82% were located on the right side. The lesions were encapsulated and their mean size was 7 cm. One case had a diagnosis of subclinical Cushing's syndrome and the others were hormonally inactive. Some cases were accompanied with hypertension (27%), type 2 diabetes (18%), and asthma (18%). All myelolipomatous metaplasias, which are non-encapsulated, were detected in adrenocortical adenomas. The mean age was 58 years; nonencapsulated and 67% were located on the right side with no gender predilection. Concomitant hypertension (50%), diabetes /33%, and asthma (33%) were frequent.CONCLUSION: Adrenal myelolipoma and myelolipomatous metaplasia both contain adipose and myeloid components. Myelolipoma is a benign and encapsulated neoplasia which is usually detected incidentally. They frequently coexist with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and asthma

Heritage language anxiety and majority language anxiety among Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands

Aims and objectives: This study examines the language anxiety that occurs in immigrants’ daily lives when speaking the heritage language and the majority language, both in their host country and during visits to their home country. It compares the levels of heritage language anxiety and majority language anxiety across three generations of the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands and explores the link between immigrants’ language anxiety, and sociobiographical (i.e. generation, gender, education) and language background variables (i.e. age of acquisition, self-perceived proficiency, frequency of language use). Design: A Likert scale-based questionnaire was administered to 116 participants across three generations who reported their language anxiety levels when speaking the heritage language and the majority language in three social contexts (i.e. family, friendship and speaking with native speakers). Findings: Statistical analyses revealed that heritage language anxiety and majority language anxiety were prevalent in immigrants’ daily life, and that levels of both forms of anxiety differed across generations, and in different daily life situations. First- and second-generation immigrants typically experienced majority language anxiety, while second- and predominantly third-generation immigrants suffered from heritage language anxiety. Relationships emerged between language background variables and both forms of anxiety, but only in certain situations. These findings suggest that language background variables on their own may be insufficient to explain immigrant language anxiety in certain social contexts (i.e. within family). Rather than merely language background factors, a variety of other issues within social, cultural and national currents must be considered when examining language anxiety in the immigrant context. Implications: Taking an interdisciplinary approach that combines language contact and foreign language anxiety/second language anxiety research, this study suggests that the concept of foreign language anxiety/second language anxiety should be expanded beyond the confines of the classroom in order to include daily interactions immigrant or minority communities. Originality: This study contributes to the limited body of evidence on the topic of language anxiety in immigrant contexts and presents a new construct ‘majority language anxiety’

Ramelteon Protects Intestinal Tissue Against Injury Caused by Methotrexate Via Showing Anti-apoptotic, Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Properties

Objective:Methotrexate (MTX), a drug used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancers, is a folic acid antagonist, but it has toxic effects on the gastrointestinal system (GIS). In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of Ramelteon (RAM), a melatonin receptor agonist, on the MTX-induced toxicity in the intestinal tissue of rats.Methods:Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; Control group, MTX group, MTX + RAM group, and RAM group. Single-dose 0.1 mL 20 mg/kg MTX, saline or 0.1 mL 10 mg/kg RAM orally was administered for 7 days. Animals were sacrificed at the end of 7 days after the last drug administration. Then, intestinal tissues were collected for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses.Results:While normal histological findings and biochemical parameters were observed in the control and RAM groups, in the MTX group, mononuclear cell infiltrations, hemorrhagic areas, degenerations in the submucosa and Lieberkuhn crypts were observed in the intestinal sections. Caspase-3 (Cas-3) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expressions, total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) increased and total antioxidant status (TAS) decreased in the MTX group. RAM treatment decreased Cas-3 and TNF-α expressions, TOS, OSI levels and increased TAS levels.Conclusion:In this study, RAM showed anti-apoptotic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on MTX-induced toxicity in intestinal tissue. Therefore, it was suggested that RAM might be used in MTX-like toxicities to alleviate the side effects on the GIS

Toward an interdisciplinary understanding of heritage language anxiety

This paper summarizes recent research on heritage language anxiety (HLA) that three generations of the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands experience in their daily lives. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, it integrates an extended questionnaire (n=113), semi-structured interviews (n=30), and an experiment (n=30) in which physiological responses (i.e. electrodermal activity) are measured during a video-retelling task conducted in monolingual and bilingual modes. Findings illustrate the complex interplay of daily sociolinguistic and socio-emotional challenges, HLA and physiological reactions. In its application of interdisciplinary research, the paper provides a more integrative glimpse into the multifaceted dimensions that underpin heritage language anxiety, particularly in the immigrant context

Light and scanning electron microscopic studies on the lingual papillae of 80 day old wild pig fetal siblings

This study examined the lingual papillae of 80-day-old wild pig fetal siblings through macroscopic and light and scanning electron microscopic observations. Te results revealed that fungiform papillae were located on every aspect of the tongue except the ventral surface and the center of the dorsal surface. Conical papillae were present on the dorsal surface of the root of the tongue and marginal papillae were observed on the lateral edges of the tip of the tongue. Tere were 2 vallate papillae on the dorsal and 2 foliate papillae on the lateral aspects of the root of the tongue. Te fliform papillae normally seen in the mature stage were not observed at this stage. Taste buds were identifed in all the gustatory papillae examined. On the other hand, taste pores were perceived only in the fungiform papillae. Te fndings acquired will surely contribute to the literature as an essential base for further related research.This study examined the lingual papillae of 80-day-old wild pig fetal siblings through macroscopic and light and scanning electron microscopic observations. Te results revealed that fungiform papillae were located on every aspect of the tongue except the ventral surface and the center of the dorsal surface. Conical papillae were present on the dorsal surface of the root of the tongue and marginal papillae were observed on the lateral edges of the tip of the tongue. Tere were 2 vallate papillae on the dorsal and 2 foliate papillae on the lateral aspects of the root of the tongue. Te fliform papillae normally seen in the mature stage were not observed at this stage. Taste buds were identifed in all the gustatory papillae examined. On the other hand, taste pores were perceived only in the fungiform papillae. Te fndings acquired will surely contribute to the literature as an essential base for further related research

A study of the effectiveness of a preservice teacher evaluation scheme

A study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a preservice teacher evaluation scheme used in the field experience component of the M.Ed. program in Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education at the Ohio State University. Subjects were student teachers (n=34), mentor teachers (n=34) and university-based supervisors (n=6). Student teachers' performances were assessed independently by student teacher, mentor, and supervisor, at two intervals (midterm and final three-way conferences). Data were collected in the form of Intern Evaluation Worksheets, as well as observations of supervisor meetings. Data from the worksheets were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA. Results indicated significant differences in evaluation scores among evaluation groups in the midterm conference, as well as between the two evaluation periods. Findings aid in better understanding the dynamics taking place during the three way conference evaluations, as well as form a basis for transition to new ways of teacher performance assessment. (Author