969 research outputs found
Characterization of high finesse mirrors: loss, phase shifts and mode structure in an optical cavity
An extensive characterization of high finesse optical cavities used in cavity
QED experiments is described. Different techniques in the measurement of the
loss and phase shifts associated with the mirror coatings are discussed and
their agreement shown. Issues of cavity field mode structure supported by the
dielectric coatings are related to our effort to achieve the strongest possible
coupling between an atom and the cavity.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Investigation of bonded hydrogen defects in nanocrystalline diamond films grown with nitrogen/methane/hydrogen plasma at high power conditions
In this work, we investigate the influence of some growth parameters such as high microwave power ranging from 3.0 to 4.0 kW and N2 additive on the incorporation of bonded hydrogen defects in nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films grown through a small amount of pure N2 addition into conventional 4% CH4/H2 plasma using a 5 kW microwave plasma CVD system. Incorporation form and content of hydrogen point defects in the NCD films produced with pure N2 addition was analyzed by employing Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the first time. A large amount of hydrogen related defects was detected in all the produced NCD films with N2 additive ranging from 29 to 87 µm thick with grain size from 47 nm to 31 nm. Furthermore, a specific new H related sharp absorption peak appears in all the NCD films grown with pure N2/CH4/H2 plasma at high powers and becomes stronger at powers higher than 3.0 kW and is even stronger than the 2920 cm−1 peak, which is commonly found in CVD diamond films. Based on these experimental findings, the role of high power and pure nitrogen addition on the growth of NCD films including hydrogen defect formation is analyzed and discussed
Influence of grain-refiner addition on the morphology of fe-bearing intermetallics in a semi-solid processed Al-Mg-Si alloy
© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2013The three-dimensional morphologies of the Fe-bearing intermetallics in a semisolid-processed Al-Mg-Si alloy were examined after extracting the intermetallics. α -AlFeSi and β-AlFeSi are the major Fe-bearing intermetallics. Addition of Al-Ti-B grain refiner typically promotes β-AlFeSi formation. β-AlFeSi was observed with a flat, plate-like morphology with angular edges in the alloy with and without grain refiner, whereas α -AlFeSi was observed as "flower"-like morphology in the alloy with grain refiner. © 2013 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International
Polariton Analysis of a Four-Level Atom Strongly Coupled to a Cavity Mode
We present a complete analytical solution for a single four-level atom
strongly coupled to a cavity field mode and driven by external coherent laser
fields. The four-level atomic system consists of a three-level subsystem in an
EIT configuration, plus an additional atomic level; this system has been
predicted to exhibit a photon blockade effect. The solution is presented in
terms of polaritons. An effective Hamiltonian obtained by this procedure is
analyzed from the viewpoint of an effective two-level system, and the dynamic
Stark splitting of dressed states is discussed. The fluorescence spectrum of
light exiting the cavity mode is analyzed and relevant transitions identified.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
Cooling of a single atom in an optical trap inside a resonator
We present detailed discussions of cooling and trapping mechanisms for an
atom in an optical trap inside an optical cavity, as relevant to recent
experiments. The interference pattern of cavity QED and trapping fields in
space makes the trapping wells distinguishable from one another. This adds
considerable flexibility to creating effective trapping and cooling conditions
and to detection possibilities. Friction and diffusion coefficients are
calculated in and beyond the low excitation limit and full 3-D simulations of
the quasiclassical motion of a Cs atom are performed.Comment: One more figure and one more autho
Trapping and cooling single atoms with far-off resonance intracavity doughnut modes
We investigate cooling and trapping of single atoms inside an optical cavity
using a quasi-resonant field and a far-off resonant mode of the Laguerre-Gauss
type. The far-off resonant doughnut mode provides an efficient trapping in the
case when it shifts the atomic internal ground and excited state in the same
way, which is particularly useful for quantum information applications of
cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems. Long trapping times can be
achieved, as shown by full 3-D simulations of the quasi-classical motion inside
the resonator.Comment: 18 pages, 18 figures, RevTe
Trapping atoms in the vacuum field of a cavity
The aim of this work is to find ways to trap an atom in a cavity. In contrast
to other approaches we propose a method where the cavity is basically in the
vacuum state and the atom in the ground state. The idea is to induce a spatial
dependent AC Stark shift by irradiating the atom with a weak laser field, so
that the atom experiences a trapping force. The main feature of our setup is
that dissipation can be strongly suppressed. We estimate the lifetime of the
atom as well as the trapping potential parameters and compare our estimations
with numerical simulations.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure
Trapping of Single Atoms with Single Photons in Cavity QED
Two recent experiments have reported the trapping of individual atoms inside
optical resonators by the mechanical forces associated with single photons
[Hood et al., Science 287, 1447 (2000) and Pinkse et al., Nature 404, 365
(2000)]. Here we analyze the trapping dynamics in these settings, focusing on
two points of interest. Firstly, we investigate the extent to which
light-induced forces in these experiments are distinct from their free-space
counterparts. Secondly, we explore the quantitative features of the resulting
atomic motion and how these dynamics are mapped onto variations of the
intracavity field. Not surprisingly, qualitatively distinct atomic dynamics
arise as the coupling and dissipative rates are varied. For the experiment of
Hood et al., we show that atomic motion is largely conservative and is
predominantly in radial orbits transverse to the cavity axis. A comparison with
the free-space theory demonstrates that the fluctuations of the dipole force
are suppressed by an order of magnitude. This effect is based upon the
Jaynes-Cummings eigenstates of the atom-cavity system and represents
qualitatively new physics for optical forces at the single-photon level. By
contrast, even in a regime of strong coupling in the experiment of Pinkse et
al., there are only small quantitative distinctions between the free-space
theory and the quantum theory, so it is not clear that description of this
experiment as a novel single-quantum trapping effect is necessary. The atomic
motion is strongly diffusive, leading to an average localization time
comparable to the time for an atom to transit freely through the cavity and to
a reduction in the ability to infer aspects of the atomic motion from the
intracavity photon number.Comment: 19 pages, 22 figure files, REVTEX, corrected spelling, LaTeX now
produces postscript which includes figures, minor changes to figures. Final
version to be published in Physical Review A, expanded summary of results in
introduction, minor changes to figures and tex
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Power Absorption: optimizing size, shape and magnetic properties
We present a study on the magnetic properties of naked and silica-coated
Fe3O4 nanoparticles with sizes between 5 and 110 nm. Their efficiency as
heating agents was assessed through specific power absorption (SPA)
measurements as a function of particle size and shape. The results show a
strong dependence of the SPA with the particle size, with a maximum around 30
nm, as expected for a Neel relaxation mechanism in single-domain particles. The
SiO2 shell thickness was found to play an important role in the SPA mechanism
by hindering the heat outflow, thus decreasing the heating efficiency. It is
concluded that a compromise between good heating efficiency and surface
functionality for biomedical purposes can be attained by making the SiO2
functional coating as thin as possible.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, 2 table
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