Petén, Guatemala, desde la colonización interna hacia migración transnacional: ¿Nuevos paradigmas para el siglo XXI?Petén, from internal colonization to transnational migration: new paradigms for the 21st century

Desde su integración en el Estado guatemalteco, se ha tomado al departamento de Petén como único, un lugar separado con el resto del país en dinámicas socioeconómicas. Con la ¨colonización interna¨ en la segundaparte del siglo veinte, se ha fijado más aún la identidad del petenero, lo cual indica a comunidades tradicionales con generaciones de conocimiento acumulado sobre el manejo de suelos tropicales. Con la creación de la Reserva de la Biósfera Maya, (RBM), quedaron los peteneros como beneficiarios, y el pueblo q’eqchi’ quedó como inmigrante. Primero, este artículo rastrea los cambios en las identidades sociales en Petén, preguntando por qué los peteneros son “como indígenas” y los q’eqchi’s han llegado a ser inmigrantes indígenas. Al hacerlo, rastreé las diferencias entre las agencias nacionales y el tratamiento de las agencias internacionales del pueblo q’eqchi’ y el requerido por las convenciones legales. Segundo, sugiero que el estatus único de Petén debido a su relativo aislamiento está disminuyendo, mientras que su papel de enlace entre México, Guatemala y Belice está aumentando. La participación petenera en migraciones transnacionales señala nuevas épocas con efectos inciertos en tenencia de tierra y conservación ambiental

The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Comment: Accepted to ApJ

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : targeting and first spectra from SDSS-V

The eighteenth data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys (SDSS) is the first one for SDSS-V, the fifth generation of the survey. SDSS-V comprises three primary scientific programs, or "Mappers": Milky Way Mapper (MWM), Black Hole Mapper (BHM), and Local Volume Mapper (LVM). This data release contains extensive targeting information for the two multi-object spectroscopy programs (MWM and BHM), including input catalogs and selection functions for their numerous scientific objectives. We describe the production of the targeting databases and their calibration- and scientifically-focused components. DR18 also includes ~25,000 new SDSS spectra and supplemental information for X-ray sources identified by eROSITA in its eFEDS field. We present updates to some of the SDSS software pipelines and preview changes anticipated for DR19. We also describe three value-added catalogs (VACs) based on SDSS-IV data that have been published since DR17, and one VAC based on the SDSS-V data in the eFEDS field.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Living on Scorched Earth: the Political Ecology of Land Ownership in Guatemala's Northern Lowlands

This dissertation examines Q'eqchi' Maya survivors of Guatemala's genocidal counterinsurgency campaign that burned over 440 villages to the ground. I argue that lowlands Q'eqchi's communities' struggles for land were not won or lost on civil war battlefields, but are still being determined through the contested politics of land ownership on scorched earth. I present the implications of my argument for territory, identity and development through four case studies based on 17 months of ethnographic fieldwork.First, case studies of former development poles reveal that people displaced during Guatemala's civil war (1960-1996) associate the military's scorched earth counterinsurgency strategies with contemporary scorched earth conservation enforcement. I employ a political ecology approach to argue that conservation (creation and enforcement of protected areas) and neoliberal land policies (projects to map, title and register land that privilege private property) articulate in a single territorial project that facilitates the contemporary dispossession of small land holders.Second, I show how genocide survivors articulate a Q'eqchi' identity through land claims in titling and conservation projects. Lowlands Q'eqchi's share narratives of suffering for territory, which they trace from the colonial period to the present. My ethnography reveals the challenges Q'eqchi' communities face in linking their land claims to the broader Pan-Maya movement, which is dominated by Western Highlands Maya. As such, I caution against subsuming Guatemalan politics of indigeneity to the politics of the Pan-Maya movement.Finally, I show how conservation and development projects have become the terrain of post-war politics in Guatemala. Whether they like it or not, international development agencies have become arbiters of land conflicts. In the process, they must decide whose battle was righteous, who is indigenous, who is a peasant, which lands are sacred, and whose struggle for territory merits title and enforcement. Development projects that have important juridical and material effects on land tenure--land titling, community based natural resource management, payments for environmental services--largely ignore complicated war histories. Given that international development projects ally with regional and national elites, including the military, these projects can authorize violent exclusions that reproduce racialized hierarchies. I conclude by showing that who becomes a land owner and who becomes dispossessed not only decides outcomes of civil war struggles, but also shapes how people can forge their livelihoods in the future

Don’t Just Pay It Back, Pay It Forward: From Accountability to Reciprocity in Research Relationships

This research note is part of the thematic section, Practical Realities of Giving Back, in the special issue titled “Giving Back in Field Research,” published as Volume 10, Issue 2 in the Journal of Research Practice

Deploying Difference: Security Threat Narratives and State Displacement from Protected Areas

State actors are increasingly treating protected areas as sites of security threats and policing resident communities as though they are the cause of this insecurity. This is translating into community eviction from protected areas that is authorised by security concerns and logics and hence not merely conservation concerns. We ground this claim by drawing upon empirical work from two borderland conservation areas: Mozambique's Limpopo National Park (LNP) and Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve (MBR). In both cases, we show how these security-provoked evictions are authorised by the mobilisation of interlocking axes of difference that articulate notions of territorial trespass with that of a racialised enemy. Rather than a new problem or phenomena, we show how these axes are rooted in prior histories of state actors rendering racialised subjects dangerous, Cold War histories in both cases and a longer colonial history with the LNP. We also show how standing behind these evictions is the nation-state and its practices of protected area territorialisation. From here, we illustrate how the rationale behind displacement from protected areas matters, as evictions become more difficult to contest once they are authorised by security considerations. The cases, however, differ in one key respect. While displacement from the LNP is an instance of conservation-induced displacement (CID), although one re-worked by security considerations, eviction from the MBR is motivated more centrally by security concerns yet takes advantage of protected area legislation. The study hence offers insight into a growing literature on conservation-security encounters and into different articulations of conservation, security, and displacement

Mobile Health Intervention Development Principles: Lessons from an Adolescent Cyberbullying Intervention

Mobile health interventions are becoming increasingly popular, yet challenges in developing effective, user-friendly, evidence-based technology-augmented interventions persist. In this paper, we describe the process of developing an acceptable, evidence-based text messaging program for adolescents experiencing cyberbullying in hopes of addressing some of the challenges encountered by many researchers and developers in this area of intervention development. Participants were 23 adolescents with past-year histories of cyber-victimization and online conflict who enrolled in an hour long qualitative interview. Participants were asked to draw from personal experience to provide feedback on intervention content and design. Results focus on the main principles of intervention development for adolescents involved in cyberbullying: listening for the why in interviews, storyboarding to model abstract concepts, and strategies to develop acceptable theory and tone. Design process and final product design are described. The paper closes with final thoughts on the design process of mobile intervention development