Simulation in development of skilled and competent operators

Modelling and Simulation helps industry to get information about how something will behave without actually testing it in real life in real industry scenario which will incur cost. One can compress the time frame, and study the behaviour of a scenario without engaging it. The use of this within engineering is well recognized. It became necessity or need in an industry. It plays various roles, from fulfilling the requirement in front end task up to furnishing the needed areas in back end task. In a petrochemical plant especially in Ethylene crackers, training operators to operate plant safely and consistent is a need. Highernumber in employees 'migration does play a role in a need of training simulator. When an operator with many years of experience left the company, he brings with himself a valuable portion of knowledge and data and training new personnel will incur money and time cost. The training of ethylene plant new operators now need to rely on senior operators experiences from different plant life cycle and will vary with different trainers. Need of simulation that can represent the real world scenario is a mandatory to give a valuable training experience and loss of billions dollars can be avoided

High-throughput molecular identification of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from a clean room facility in an environmental monitoring program

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The staphylococci are one of the most common environmental isolates found in clean room facility. Consequently, isolation followed by comprehensive and accurate identification is an essential step in any environmental monitoring program.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>We have used the API Staph identification kit (bioMérieux, France) which depends on the expression of metabolic activities and or morphological features to identify the <it>Staphylococcus </it>isolates. The API staphylococci showed low sensitivity in the identification of some species, so we performed molecular methods based on PCR based fingerprinting of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase encoding gene as useful taxonomic tool for examining <it>Staphylococcus </it>isolates.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results showed that PCR protocol used in this study which depends on genotypic features was relatively accurate, rapid, sensitive and superior in the identification of at least 7 species of <it>Staphylococcus </it>than API Staph which depends on phenotypic features.</p

Thermal Performance of an Air Heating Storing System

Owing to the lack of synchronization between the solar energy availability and the heat demands in a specific application, the energy storing sub-system is necessary to maintain the continuity of thermal process. The present work is dealing with an active solar heating storing system in which an air solar collector is connected to storing unit where this energy is distributed and provided to the heated space in a controlled manner. The solar collector is a box type absorber where the air flows between a number of vanes attached between the collector absorber and the bottom plate. This design can improve the efficiency due to increasing the heat transfer area exposed to the flowing air, as well as the heat conduction through the metal vanes from the top absorbing surface. The storing unit is a packed bed type where the air is coming from the air collector and circulated through the bed in order to add/remove the energy through the charging / discharging processes, respectively. The major advantage of the packed bed storage is its high degree of thermal stratification. Numerical solution of the packed bed energy storage is considered through dividing the bed into a number of equal segments for the bed particles and solved the energy equation for each segment depending on the neighbor ones. The studied design and performance parameters in the developed simulation model including, particle size, void fraction, etc. The final results showed that the collector efficiency was fluctuated between 55%-61% in winter season (January) under the climatic conditions of Misurata in Libya. Maximum temperature of 52ºC is attained at the top of the bed while the lower one is 25ºC at the end of the charging process of hot air into the bed. This distribution can satisfy the required load for the most house heating in Libya

Nonlinear TE Electromagnetic Surface Waves in a Ferrite Layered Structure

Characteristics of TE electromagnetic surface waves propagating in a nonlinear dielectric film bounded by a ferrite cover are examined theoretically. A dispersion relation based on Jacobian Elliptic Functions is derived, which describes the behaviour of the nonreciprocal nonlinear waves. ) TE ( . ) Jacobian Function (

Negative Differential Resistance, Memory and Reconfigurable Logic Functions based on Monolayer Devices derived from Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Electro-polymerizable Thiophene-EDOT Units

We report on hybrid memristive devices made of a network of gold nanoparticles (10 nm diameter) functionalized by tailored 3,4(ethylenedioxy)thiophene (TEDOT) molecules, deposited between two planar electrodes with nanometer and micrometer gaps (100 nm to 10 um apart), and electropolymerized in situ to form a monolayer film of conjugated polymer with embedded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Electrical properties of these films exhibit two interesting behaviors: (i) a NDR (negative differential resistance) behavior with a peak/valley ratio up to 17, and (ii) a memory behavior with an ON/OFF current ratio of about 1E3 to 1E4. A careful study of the switching dynamics and programming voltage window is conducted demonstrating a non-volatile memory. The data retention of the ON and OFF states is stable (tested up to 24h), well controlled by the voltage and preserved when repeating the switching cycles (800 in this study). We demonstrate reconfigurable Boolean functions in multiterminal connected NP molecule devices.Comment: Full manuscript, figures and supporting information, J. Phys. Chem. C, on line, asap (2017

Influence of distinctive Osmoprotectnats foliar spray in alleviating the harmful effects of water stress at sensitive growth stages of Maize (Zea mays L.)

Water availability is becoming a significant concern for crop production worldwide. In light of this, a study was conducted in maize crop to explore the effectiveness of various osmoprotectants including sodium nitroprusside nanoparticles (SNP NP) at a concentration of 90 ppm, melatonin (MEL), at 25 ppm and salicylic acid (SA) at 100 ppm in mitigating the adverse effects of drought, by evaluating their impact on morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield attributes of maize (Zea mays L.). Drought stress was induced by withholding irrigation during both the vegetative and reproductive stages of maize and then drought-stressed plants were foliar sprayed with different osmoprotectants. Results revealed that among the osmoprotectants tested, foliar application of salicylic acid at 100 ppm exhibited the most substantial improvement in morpho-physiological parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, root length, leaf area index, relative water content, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content) as well as biochemical parameteters like proline and soluble protein content increased, and enhanced membrane stability under drought conditions. The use of SA proved outstanding as it led to a remarkable 75% higher biological yield than plants subjected to drought stress. On the other hand, the SA foliar spray was successful, resulting in a 78.8% in grain yield. However, the extent of improvement varied depending on the growth stage at which the osmoprotectants were applied. While the foliar application of osmoprotectants showed promising results during the vegetative phase than the reproductive phase of maize. Nonetheless, the osmoprotectants' foliar spray exhibited a yield advantage by preserving photosynthetic pigments and the maize plants' ability to produce seeds under drought stress

COLLISIONAL DRIFT WAVES OF A WEAKLY MAGNETIZED PLASMA

The two-fluid equations are used to derive a model of collisional drift waves for cylindrical magnetized plasmas. Both the radial electron temperature variation and the sheared BE о о× rotation in the plasmas have been taken into account. It is found that the presence of the BE о о× rotation leads to an important modification of the theory of drift waves derived by Sayasov Yu. S. and Aebischer HA (1988). The theory is applied to an experimental data of helium plasma using Runge-Kutta integration method. Our calculation shows that the temperature variation and the BE о о× rotation are important in the predictions of drift wave frequency and radial position of the maximum wave amplitude

Evolution of the Drift Waves in the Umist Linear system

Evolution of the Drift Waves in the Umist Linear syste