Peace and conflict resolution in the midst of a war: opportunities and challenges in Rojava democratic autonomy

Discussions on political autonomies have been centered on two main arguments. Some argue that political autonomy is an effective conflict resolution mechanism especially in the settings where social, political, and economic conflicts are common and the autonomy seekers want a political and administrative resolution. De-centralization and power-sharing are two main pillars of political autonomies in which local citizens get the right to rule themselves with their own local resources without changing national borders of a state. Some others however discuss political autonomy as a conflict escalating tool, particularly, if an ethnic group has a strong motivation for independence and state-building. To this end, in the light of the existing literature on autonomy, this thesis investigates the nature of the Rojava Democratic Autonomy (RDA) declared in January 2014 in the midst of a civil war in Syria. In-depth interviews were conducted with the heads and deputies of official bodies and civil society organizations in Cezîre (Jazeera) Canton of RDA to investigate how they perceive both the past and ongoing socio-political and ethnoreligious conflicts in Syria, and what strategies and policies they implement to resolve them. The thesis evaluates the resolution practices based on RDA’s relation with the Syrian government (national), regional and international powers (international) and with its civil society organizations (domestic). The thesis also discusses the RDA policies and strategies for solving the socio-political and ethno-religious conflicts through power-sharing and by providing group autonomies to all ethnic and religious groups based on the Social Contract drafted by members of all ethnic and religious groups in Rojava. Besides presenting these solutions, the thesis also discusses the already-existing problems as stated by the participants of this study. Keywords: Rojava Democratic Autonomy, Syrian Civil War, de-centralization, selfmanagement, power-sharing, conflict resolution and peace

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

Perceived changes in psychosocial well-being among returning IDPs and host communities: Findings from IOM Iraq’s MHPSS Programme in Salah Al-Din Governorate

Yasin Duman - ORCID: 0000-0003-1367-1842 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-1842Item is not available in this repository.https://iraq.iom.int/resources/perceived-changes-psychosocial-well-being-among-returning-idps-and-host-communities-findings-iom-iraqs-mhpss-programme-salah-al-din-governoratepubpu

Sonu Gelmeyecek Bir Hikâye Yazmak: Suriyeli Sığınmacılar ve Yerel Toplum İçin Politika Önerileri / Writing a story that will never end: Policy recommendations for Syrian asylum seekers and local community

Yasin Duman - ORCID: 0000-0003-1367-1842 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-1842Item is not available in this repository.The main goal of the report is to understand the infrastructure of the perceptions and attitudes of political and social structure which increasingly alienate, ostracize and hostilize asylum seekers and how these attitudes and perceptions threaten the lives of asylum seekers and social peace and discuss why it is necessary to develop a new policy.http://spectrumhouse.com.tr/en/writing-a-story-that-will-never-end-actions-to-be-taken-for-syrian-asylum-seekers-and-local-society/pubpu

Peacebuilding in a Conflict Setting: Peace and Reconciliation Committees in De Facto Rojava Autonomy in Syria

Yasin Duman - ORCID: 0000-0003-1367-1842 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-1842Item is not available in this repository.https://doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2017.128524512pubpub

How have Syrians been instrumentalized in Turkey’s domestic politics and international relations?

Yasin Duman - ORCID: 0000-0003-1367-1842 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-1842Item is not available in this repository.https://www.eurobooks.net/p/197496/annual-series-greek-asylum-service-miscellaneous-writings.htmlpubpu

Xoybûn'dan Demokratik Özerkliğe: Türkiye'nin Batı Kürdistan Siyaseti / From Khoybun to Democratic Autonomy: Turkey's Policy towards Western Kurdistan

Item is not available in this repository.https://dipnotkitap.com/Images/UserFiles/Documents/Gallery/kurtler-ve-cumhuriyet-wep.pdfpubpu

The Other of the Other: Syrian Refugees from the Perspective of Kurdish Minority in Turkey

Item is not available in this repository.Syrian refugees make up one of the largest refugee populations, and Kurds are one of the largest internally displaced ethnic minorities around the world. In Turkey, members of both communities suffer discrimination and violence on both an individual and collective basis. This chapter analyzes data from semi-structured in-depth interviews and fieldwork observations conducted in 2018 and 2019 to evaluate Kurdish community members’ perceptions of and attitudes toward Syrian refugees. Looking at them through the lenses of social dominance orientation, social identity, and collective psychological ownership, the chapter analyzes how Kurdish participants view and respond to the forced migration of Syrian refugees and the rights granted to them under Turkey’s temporary protection policy. The study shows that with the presence of refugees as an outsider community, identity-related attitudes about rights and freedoms among minority groups can shift radically.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33291-3_6pubpu

Kürt Z Kuşağı’nın Sığınmacı ve Göçmenlere Yönelik Algı ve Tutumları / Kurdish Generation Z's Perceptions and Attitudes Towards Refugees and Immigrants

Yasin Duman - ORCID: 0000-0003-1367-1842 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-1842Item is not available in this repository.http://spectrumhouse.com.tr/kurt-z-kusaginin-siginmaci-ve-gocmenlere-yonelik-algi-ve-tutumlari/pubpu

The role of the pro-Kurdish DEM party in the 2024 local elections: Navigating new political waters

Item is not available in this repository.This contribution aims to analyze the outcomes of the recent local elections held on March 31, 2024, by focusing on the DEM Party as an emerging actor across three key themes: coalition and alliance strategies, conflict resolution, and the potential to restore the democratic autonomy model. It is important to look at these fields as the DEM Party has the potential to consolidate its power in Kurdish-populated areas, across Turkey and influence the trajectory of the next Presidential elections.https://www.geopolitica.info/prodotto/geopolitical-brief-45-an-analysis-of-turkish-municipal-elections/pubpu