Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Species Calculated Using the HKF Model: How Do Different Thermodynamic and Electrostatic Models for Solvent Water Affect Calculated Aqueous Properties?

Thermodynamic properties of aqueous species are essential for modeling of fluid-rock interaction processes. The Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (HKF) model is widely used for calculating standard state thermodynamic properties of ions and complexes over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. To do this, the HKF model requires thermodynamic and electrostatic models of water solvent. In this study, we investigate and quantify the impact of choosing different models for calculating water solvent volumetric and dielectric properties, on the properties of aqueous species calculated using the HKF model. We identify temperature and pressure conditions at which the choice of different models can have a considerable effect on the properties of aqueous species and on fluid mineral equilibrium calculations. The investigated temperature and pressure intervals are 25–1000°C and 1–5 kbar, representative of upper to middle crustal levels, and of interest for modeling ore-forming processes. The thermodynamic and electrostatic models for water solvent considered are: Haar, Gallagher and Kell (1984), Wagner and Pruß (2002), and Zhang and Duan (2005), to calculate water volumetric properties, and Johnson and Norton (1991), Fernandez and others (1997), and Sverjensky and others (2014), to calculate water dielectric properties. We observe only small discrepancies in the calculated standard partial molal properties of aqueous species resulting from using different water thermodynamic models. However, large differences in the properties of charged species can be observed at higher temperatures (above 500°C) as a result of using different electrostatic models. Depending on the aqueous speciation and the reactions that control the chemical composition, the observed differences can vary. The discrepancy between various electrostatic models is attributed to the scarcity of experimental data at high temperatures. These discrepancies restrict the reliability of the geochemical modeling of hydrothermal and ore formation processes, and the retrieval of thermodynamic parameters from experimental data at elevated temperatures and pressures.ISSN:1468-8115ISSN:1468-812

Best media for advertising local tourism among the Russian tourists

The thesis determined the prospects for using media channels in attracting Russian tourists. This research was meant to find advertising channels among the Russian tourists (targeting North-West region of Russia). The results of this research can be used to promote local tourism services for customers from Russian westbound. This thesis was commissioned by the Savonlinna Travel Agency, which is the majour tour agency in the region. The idea for the thesis project rests on the fact that commissioner is knowledge-oriented about the Russian market, accomplished a number of studies with cooperation of local research institutions. This project focused on how to attract Russian tourists and better reach them by developing targeting advertising campaigns. The project was carried out as an empirical research in Christmas and New Year season, 2012-2013. Empirical data was collected by conducting a quantitative survey in cooperation with the hotels in Eastern Finland and Helsinki city to fulfill the study goals. Therefore, the findings and conclusions were presented for the commissioner and other stakeholders. Additionally, suggestions for the development of communication channels have been made. Research findings back up the theoretical background of the study, especially those that relate to the media channels and their choice. Keeping apace with the advertising channels can improve marketing and facilitate development of Russian tourism in the region

Higher Education As a Tool to Build the Cultural and Intellectual Potential of Managers

The article reveals the methodological aspects of training a new generation of managers in universities. In modern conditions in higher education theoretical and practical education of managers is required, as well as formation of their professional culture demonstrated in developed soft skills. However, in Russian society the traditional type of managerial culture prevails, which is demonstrated in spontaneous recruitment. As a scientific-theoretical and methodological basis of this research, the authors use system, dialectical, activity, phenomenological approaches, methods of applied sociological research. The article justifies that the effectiveness of management is associated with the level of development of intellectual potential of managerial personnel and its improvement is carried out through the implementation of professional, innovative, moral, information sub potential. Modern university training of managerial personnel reflects the contradiction between the traditional model of education and new requirements of the society, connected with modernization processes. Growing public intellectual activity requires managers to create new forms, methods and mechanisms of management. In these conditions, one of the mechanisms of management is a purposeful construction of managerial culture of young people as a future subject of management in the system of higher education. The development of the ability to improve internally is an important task of modern Russian management. The principle of subject-subject vertical and horizontal relations in knowledge management implies a shift of emphasis to self-organization. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account not only learning opportunities, but also self-learning. Academic training for management activities includes a combination of research and applied activities supplemented by the study of disciplines with a social and humanitarian orientation. In this connection, there is a need to train a new generation of professional managers capable of innovations, creative, constructive management activities, which are based on a fundamentally different culture of education management and personnel policy. Keywords: intellectual potential, culture, knowledge, management, higher education, professional training of manager

Identifiers pre-election discourse direct target

This article discusses the most common names of individuals and groups, identifying a political opponent within a pre-election discourse. The special character of a pre-election discourse targeting, namely the prevalence of appeals for a mass and a group target, dictates the need of inclusion the naming of groups in the naming of a person who represent the destination as a combined group of individuals. The technique of name functioning peculiarities determination for a pre-election discourse is presented. The correlation between a pre-election text genre and the functioning of a person and a group of persons is established. During a comprehensive analysis of a person naming operating in the pre-election discourse, the ratings of lexical-semantic groups are determined according to nominative fractionality and the frequency for further identification of the test units functioning. The calculation of lexeme amount in each lexical-semantic group of an individual and a group naming determines the ranking of LSG nominative fractionality, the calculation of appeals amount - The frequency rate. A lexical-semantic characteristic of a person and a group names is presented according to public relations, the belonging to a narrow community and the belonging to the privileged layers of society. The ranking of groups according to nominative and fractionality and frequency allowed to present a generic portrait of a pre-election discourse direct recipient

Stylistic devices of contrast in poetry of alexander pushkin and evgeny baratynsky

The aim of this paper is to identify similarities and differences in implementation of contrast principle in works written by Alexander Pushkin and Evgeny Baratynsky; to identify preferences of the authors in choosing linguistic means to create stylistic figures. The empirical base of the study is represented by 753 poems written by Alexander Pushkin and 246 poems by Evgeny Baratynsky. Contexts with the stylistic figures of contrast were extracted by applying a continuous sample method. Semantic-stylistic, comparative methods, methods of specific linguistic facts, quantitative data processing and linguistic observation were used during the study. The article describes the most frequent and generalized types of contrast used by both authors: antithesis, oxymoron and acrothesis. It was found out that Alexander Pushkin typically uses antithesis in the form of a syntactic parallelism. The antithesis in Evgeny Baratynsky's poems is based mainly on syntactic symmetry. Both poets use antonyms derived from different roots in order to express the paradox in an oxymoron. Furthermore, Evgeny Baratynsky often uses cognates-antonyms with the prefix bez-/bes-while Alexander Pushkin prefers to express the paradox via syntactic negation. It is noticed that both poets often use an acrothesis as contrastive negation with a conjunction combination not⋯but, i.e. they prefer to start with the negation which corresponds to the Russian poetic tradition. However, Alexander Pushkin usually chooses conjunctions as an acrothesis. Evgeny Baratynsky prefers a stylistic variant without a conjunction. This article aims to expand the knowledge of Alexander Pushkin and Evgeny Baratynsky aesthetic systems. It contributes to determination of certain individual stylistic language features of poetscontemporaries

Genre originality of the modern diplomatic discourse

This paper deals with the diplomatic discourse as an independent type of institutional discourse, which is characterized by its genre array of texts. Using the publications of different genres posted in the public domain on the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation in 2016, the authors make an attempt to systematize the main existing genres of diplomatic discourse. In the course of the study, the authors state that the existing genres of diplomatic discourse are divided into verbal and written. Having listed the major writing genres of diplomatic discourse, the authors describe the most striking features of the language, which these texts abound with. In particular, the authors give examples containing the official formula of diplomatic courtesy and etiquette vocabulary. Among the popular verbal genre the authors in more detail consider the genre of statement. The linguistic characteristics of diplomatic statements include, according to authors, the prevalence of verbal constructions of 1st person plural, the lack of categorical expressions in sentences, the presence of evaluative words, and the impersonal messages. The authors emphasize the complexity of the typology of diplomatic discourse genres, because in the communication the different types of discourses constantly interact and penetrate each other. The paper describes and gives examples of genres of political discourse existing in the diplomatic discourse. In addition, the authors also identify small genres related to either internal activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of RF, or the activities of international organizations

Fine Particles in the Ambient Air as a Risk Factor of Bronchial Asthma in Adults

Air pollution with suspended particles and gaseous substances is assumed to be a possible risk factor for bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases in children and adults, characterized by variable respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with different underlying disease processes. The most common asthma phenotypes are allergic and non-allergic asthma, differing in the presence of atopy, the type of airway inflammation, responses to inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Meta-analyses, including cohort studies, support the role of fine particles in asthma in children. The question of whether the incidence of asthma in adults is associated with exposure to ambient particulate matter remains open. The chapter describes the effect of fine particles in the ambient air on the formation, course, and underlying mechanisms of different phenotype of bronchial asthma in adults. The role of ambient fine particles in the development of the eosinophilic non-allergic phenotype of bronchial asthma in adults (18–65 years old) has been proven. The hypothesis about different underlying mechanisms in response to exposure to particulate matter for various phenotypes of bronchial asthma was confirmed

Uncertainty quantification of medium-term heat storage from short-term geophysical experiments using Bayesian Evidential Learning

In theory, aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems can recover in winter the heat stored in the aquifer during summer to increase the energy efficiency of the system. In practice, the energy efficiency is often lower than expected from simulations due to spatial heterogeneity of hydraulic properties or non-favorable hydrogeological conditions. A proper design of ATES systems should therefore consider the uncertainty of the prediction related to those parameters. We use a novel framework called Bayesian Evidential Learning (BEL) to estimate the heat storage capacity of an alluvial aquifer using a heat tracing experiment. BEL is based on two main stages: pre- and post-field data acquisition. Before data acquisition, Monte Carlo simulations and global sensitivity analysis are used to assess the information content of the data to reduce the uncertainty of the prediction. After data acquisition, prior falsification and machine learning based on the same Monte Carlo are used to directly assess uncertainty on key prediction variables from observations. The result is a full quantification of the posterior distribution of the prediction conditioned to observed data, without any explicit full model inversion. We demonstrate the methodology in field conditions and validate the framework using independent measurements. Plain Language Summary : Geothermal energy can be extracted or stored in shallow aquifers through systems called aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES). In practice, the energy efficiency of those systems is often lower than expected because of the uncertainty related to the subsurface. To assess the uncertainty, a common method in the scientific community is to generate multiple models of the subsurface fitting the available data, a process called stochastic inversion. However this process is time consuming and difficult to apply in practice for real systems. In this contribution, we develop a novel approach to avoid the inversion process called Bayesian Evidential Learning. We are still using many models of the subsurface, but we do not try to fit the available data. Instead, we use the model to learn a direct relationship between the data and the response of interest to the user. For ATES systems, this response corresponds to the energy extracted from the system. It allows to predict the amount of energy extracted with a quantification of the uncertainty. This framework makes uncertainty assessment easier and faster, a prerequisite for robust risk analysis and decision making. We demonstrate the method in a feasibility study of ATES design