Les troisièmes mi-temps au rugby féminin : des consommations d'alcool et des festivités contenues

International audienceNotre travail porte sur ce qui apparaît comme une double transgression de genre : les troisièmes mi-temps au rugby féminin. Transgression car il s'agit là d'un sport socialement construit comme masculin, mais également car l'alcoolisation, surtout massive, est considérée comme une pratique virile. Basée sur des entretiens et des observations en situation, cette enquête s'intéresse à ces festivités en analysant les conduites de ces femmes, dont les consommations d'alcool, dans les différents espaces de ces fêtes. Si la dimension carnavalesque est fortement investie, suspendant en apparence les normes, celles-ci n'en restent pas moins présentes, sous une forme reconfigurée. Nous montrons alors le caractère situé des " déviances " (au sens Interactionniste du terme), selon les espaces, et surtout selon les inter-actants et leur sexe (et notamment la présence ou non des hommes), tout en rappelant qu'il n'existe pas de modèle consensuel d'être rugbywoman

A Toolchain for Privacy-Preserving Distributed Aggregation on Edge-Devices

Valuable insights, such as frequently visited environments in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, can oftentimes only be gained by analyzing sensitive data spread across edge-devices like smartphones. To facilitate such an analysis, we present a toolchain for a distributed, privacy-preserving aggregation of local data by taking the limited resources of edge-devices into account. The distributed aggregation is based on secure summation and simultaneously satisfies the notion of differential privacy. In this way, other parties can neither learn the sensitive data of single clients nor a single client's influence on the final result. We perform an evaluation of the power consumption, the running time and the bandwidth overhead on real as well as simulated devices and demonstrate the flexibility of our toolchain by presenting an extension of the summation of histograms to distributed clustering

Oral insulin immunotherapy in children at risk for type 1 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Oral administration of antigen can induce immunological tolerance. Insulin is a key autoantigen in childhood type 1 diabetes. Here, oral insulin was given as antigen-specific immunotherapy before the onset of autoimmunity in children from age 6~months to assess its safety and immune response actions on immunity and the gut microbiome. METHODS A phase I/II randomised controlled trial was performed in a single clinical study centre in Germany. Participants were 44 islet autoantibody-negative children aged 6~months to 2.99~years who had a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes and a susceptible HLA DR4-DQ8-containing genotype. Children were randomised 1:1 to daily oral insulin (7.5~mg with dose escalation to 67.5~mg) or placebo for 12~months using a web-based computer system. The primary outcome was immune efficacy pre-specified as induction of antibody or T cell responses to insulin and measured in a central treatment-blinded laboratory. RESULTS Randomisation was performed in 44 children. One child in the placebo group was withdrawn after the first study visit and data from 22 insulin-treated and 21 placebo-treated children were analysed. Oral insulin was well tolerated with no changes in metabolic variables. Immune responses to insulin were observed in children who received both insulin (54.5%) and placebo (66.7%), and the trial did not demonstrate an effect on its primary outcome (p = 0.54). In exploratory analyses, there was preliminary evidence that the immune response and gut microbiome were modified by the INS genotype Among children with the type 1 diabetes-susceptible INS genotype (n = 22), antibody responses to insulin were more frequent in insulin-treated (72.7%) as compared with placebo-treated children (18.2%; p = 0.03). T cell responses to insulin were modified by treatment-independent inflammatory episodes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The study demonstrated that oral insulin immunotherapy in young genetically at-risk children was safe, but was not associated with an immune response as predefined in the trial primary outcome. Exploratory analyses suggested that antibody responses to oral insulin may occur in children with a susceptible INS genotype, and that inflammatory episodes may promote the activation of insulin-responsive T cells. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02547519 FUNDING: The main funding source was the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.)

Can we quickly and thoroughly assess pain with the PACSLAC-II? : a convergent validity study in long-term care residents suffering from dementia.

Abstract : A previous study found that the modified version of the Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate (PACSLAC-II) is a valid tool to assess pain in elderly individuals suffering from dementia and who are unable to communicate verbally. The primary objective of this study was to confirm the convergent validity of the PACSLAC-II using direct evaluation of long-term care residents in real-life situations, using two other well-validated pain assessment scales (i.e., PACSLAC and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia [PAINAD]). A secondary objective was to document and compare the time required to complete and score each assessment scale. During two potentially painful procedures (i.e., transfer/mobilization), 46 long-term care residents (mean age = 83 ± 10 years) suffering from dementia were observed by three independent evaluators, each using one of the assessment scales (randomly assigned). Correlational analyses and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the association between each scale and to compare scoring time. The PACSLAC (r = 0.61) and the PAINAD (r = 0.65) were both moderately associated with the PACSLAC-II (all p values < .001). The PAINAD's average scoring time (63 ± 19 seconds) was lower than the PACSLAC-II's (96 ± 2 seconds), which was lower than the PACSLAC's (135 ± 53 seconds) (all p values < .001). These results suggest that the PACSLAC-II is a valid tool for assessing pain in individuals with dementia. The time required to complete and score the PACSLAC-II was reasonable, supporting its usefulness in clinical settings

External quality assessment of SARS-CoV-2-sequencing: An ESGMD-SSM pilot trial across 15 European laboratories

Objective: This first pilot on external quality assessment (EQA) of SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing, initiated by the ESCMID Study Group for Genomic and Molecular Diagnostics (ESGMD) and Swiss Society for Microbiology (SSM), aims to build a framework between laboratories in order to improve pathogen surveillance sequencing.Methods: Ten samples with varying viral loads were sent out to 15 clinical laboratories who had free choice of sequencing methods and bioinformatic analyses. The key aspects on which the individual centres were compared on were identification of 1) SNPs and indels, 2) Pango lineages, and 3) clusters between samples.Results: The participating laboratories used a wide array of methods and analysis pipelines. Most were able to generate whole genomes for all samples. Genomes were sequenced to varying depth (up to 100-fold difference across centres). There was a very good consensus regarding the majority of reporting criteria, but there were a few discrepancies in lineage and cluster assignment. Additionally, there were inconsistencies in variant calling. The main reasons for discrepancies were missing data, bioinformatic choices, and interpretation of data.Conclusions: The pilot EQA was an overall success. It was able to show the high quality of participating labs and provide valuable feedback in cases where problems occurred, thereby improving the sequencing setup of laboratories. A larger follow-up EQA should, however, improve on defining the variables and format of the report. Additionally, contamination and/or minority variants should be a further aspect of assessment.</p

EUROfusion Integrated Modelling (EU-IM) capabilities and selected physics applications

International audienceRecent developments and achievements of the EUROfusion Code Development for Integrated Modelling project (WPCD), which aim is to provide a validated integrated modelling suite for the simulation and prediction of complete plasma discharges in any tokamak, are presented. WPCD develops generic complex integrated simulations, workflows, for physics applications, using the standardized European Integrated Modelling (EU-IM) framework. Selected physics applications of EU-IM workflows are illustrated in this paper

Entwicklung und Konstruktion eines Sonderbetriebsmittels zur Materialeinsparung in mehrgliedrigen Umformprozessen

Die vorliegende, schriftliche Dokumentation befasst sich mit der Entwicklung, Konstruktion und Ausarbeitung eines speziellen Sonderbetriebsmittels im Bereich der Umformtechnik. Aus Gründen der Materialersparnis soll ein Stanzwerkzeug zur Herstellung von asymmetrischen Blech-Rohlingen dahingehend optimiert werden, dass die Schneid-Elemente pro Ar-beitsgang eine Drehung um 180° durchführen können. Durch diese Maßnahme soll erreicht werden, dass zwischen den ausgeschnittenen Rohlingen weniger Abfallmaterial anfällt, wo-durch Materialkosten im laufenden Fertigungsprozess eingespart werden können. Die Arbeit beinhaltet das systematische Erfassen von Anforderungen und prozessbedingten Gegebenheiten, die Erarbeitung von Lösungskonzepten, sowie das Ausarbeiten eines aus-gewählten Konzepts als detaillierte Konstruktion. Letztgenannte umfasst das Erstellen funktions- und fertigungsgerechter Einzelkomponenten und Baugruppen, die Auslegung und Auswahl benötigter Zukauf-Komponenten, sowie das Ableiten fertigungsgerechter technischer Zeichnungen. Als Nachweis der Funktion der erarbeiteten Vorrichtung werden sowohl eine Bewegungssimulation, als auch entsprechende Nachweisrechnungen der Bauteilfestigkeit unter Berücksichtigung wirkender Prozesskräfte durchgeführt. Resultat dieser Arbeit ist eine erwiesenermaßen funktionsfähige Konstruktion, die sämtliche von Seiten des Auftraggebers gestellten Anforderungen erfüllt

"On n’est pas là pour faire le show” : la troisième mi-temps au rugby féminin, entre provocations et “regards d’hommes"

International audienceListed among the traditionally male sports, rugby appears to be able to rigidly structure gender relationship, confining men and women in distinct roles on the sports field, but also during the post-game parties that we analyze in this article. Based on interviews and observations, our investigation focuses on the rugbywomen “third half-time” and we analyze their behaviors - and the conflicts - in the different areas of these parties. Grotesque dimensions are very strong and important and the apparently suspended norms as well. Nevertheless, norms remain in a reconfigured form. We show that deviance is in fact located, according to the areas, and depends on the others and their gender. We remind then that there is no homogeneous model.Classé parmi les sports à tradition masculine, le rugby apparaît comme étant à même de structurer rigidement les rapports sociaux de sexe, confinant hommes et femmes dans des rôles clairement distincts, sur le terrain sportif, mais aussi lors des festivités d’après-match que nous analysons ici. Basée sur des entretiens et des observations en situation, notre enquête s’intéresse aux troisièmes mi-temps chez les rugbywomen et analyse les conduites de ces femmes – et les conflits sous-jacents – dans les différents espaces de ces fêtes. Si la dimension carnavalesque est fortement investie, suspendant en apparence les normes, ces dernières n’en restent pas moins présentes sous une forme reconfigurée. Nous montrons alors le caractère situé des déviances, selon les espaces, et surtout selon les inter-actants et leur sexe, tout en rappelant qu’il n’existe pas de modèle homogène consensuel