Family of 2-simplex cognitive tools and their application for decision-making and its justifications

Urgency of application and development of cognitive graphic tools for usage in intelligent systems of data analysis, decision making and its justifications is given. Cognitive graphic tool "2-simplex prism" and examples of its usage are presented. Specificity of program realization of cognitive graphics tools invariant to problem areas is described. Most significant results are given and discussed. Future investigations are connected with usage of new approach to rendering, cross-platform realization, cognitive features improving and expanding of n-simplex family.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, conferenc

Kvaliteedi hindamine tähelepanu abil

Väitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneMasintõlge on saanud osaks mitte ainult keeleteadlaste ja professionaalsete tõlkijate, vaid peaaegu kõigi elust. Enamik inimesi, kes on kasutanud masintõlget, on kohanud naljakaid ja kohati täiesti valesid tõlkeid, mis lause tähendust täielikult moonutavad. Seega peame peale masintõlke mudeli kasutama hindamismehhanismi, mis teavitab inimesi tõlgete kvaliteedist. Loomulikult saavad professionaalsed tõlkijad masintõlke väljundit hinnata ja vajadusel toimetada. Inimeste märkuste kasutamine veebipõhiste masintõlkesüsteemide tõlgete hindamiseks on aga äärmiselt kulukas ja ebapraktiline. Seetõttu on automatiseeritud tõlkekvaliteedi hindamise süsteemid masintõlke töövoo oluline osa. Kvaliteedihinnangu eesmärk on ennustada masintõlke väljundi kvaliteeti, ilma etalontõlgeteta. Selles töös keskendusime kvaliteedihinnangu mõõdikutele ja käsitleme tõlkekvaliteedi näitajana tähelepanumehhanismi ennustatud jaotusi, mis on üks kaasaegsete neuromasintõlke (NMT) süsteemide sisemistest parameetritest. Kõigepealt rakendasime seda rekurrentsetel närvivõrkudel (RNN) põhinevatele masintõlkemudelitele ja analüüsisime pakutud meetodite toimivust juhendamata ja juhendatud ülesannete jaoks. Kuna RNN-põhised MT-süsteemid on nüüdseks asendunud transformeritega, mis muutusid peamiseks tipptaseme masintõlke tehnoloogiaks, kohandasime oma lähenemisviisi ka transformeri arhitektuurile. Näitasime, et tähelepanupõhised meetodid sobivad nii juhendatud kui ka juhendamata ülesannete jaoks, kuigi teatud piirangutega. Kuna annotatsiooni andmete hankimine on üsna kulukas, uurisime, kui palju annoteeritud andmeid on vaja kvaliteedihinnangu mudeli treenimiseks.Machine translation has become a part of the life of not only linguists and professional translators, but almost everyone. Most people who have used machine translation have come across funny and sometimes completely incorrect translations that turn the meaning of a sentence upside down. Thus, apart from a machine translation model, we need to use a scoring mechanism that informs people about the quality of translations. Of course, professional translators can assess and, if necessary, edit the machine translation output. However, using human annotations to evaluate translations of online machine translation systems is extremely expensive and impractical. That is why automated systems for measuring translation quality are a crucial part of the machine translation pipeline. Quality Estimation aims to predict the quality of machine translation output at run-time without using any gold-standard human annotations. In this work, we focused on Quality Estimation methods and explored the distribution of attention—one of the internal parameters of modern neural machine translation systems—as an indicator of translation quality. We first applied it to machine translation models based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and analyzed the performance of proposed methods for unsupervised and supervised tasks. Since transformer-based machine translation models had supplanted RNN-based, we adapted our approach to the attention extracted from transformers. We demonstrated that attention-based methods are suitable for both supervised and unsupervised tasks, albeit with some limitations. Since getting annotation labels is quite expensive, we looked at how much annotated data is needed to train a quality estimation model.https://www.ester.ee/record=b549935

Presentism, Public History and Contemporary Russian Art

The article examines typical features of images and themes of the past as they appear in contemporary Russian art, within the context of the presentist regime of historicism and as a part of public history. This research focuses on the works by Mikhail Pavlyukevich and Olga Subbotina, as well as Chaim Sokol, all of them the artists for whom image of the present is determined by the experience of the past as an incomplete process. The analysis focuses on the factors that ground this important place that the past occupies within the space of contemporary art practices. The article explores intersections between history in public space and contemporary art. The author argues that the development of public history rooted in participatory culture, as well as de-monopolisation of expert knowledge and non-academic languages constituting the discourse on the past, shares similarities with many characteristics of contemporary art practices. In these practices the public actively participates in the artistic processes, an artist loses their status as a demiurge, while site-specific character of artistic projects necessarily rests upon the exlporation of the history of place and the immersion in memory. A palimpsest, in which inseparable interpenetrating layers of the past appear through one another, becomes a metaphor both of public history and of one of the trends in contemporary art. Keywords: presentism, public history, contemporary art, Mikhail Pavlyukevich, Olga Subbotina, Chaim Soko

Cooperative Avant-garde: Rhetoric and Social Values of the New World of Arts in the System of the All-Russian Union of Artists’ Cooperatives ’Vsekokhudozhnik’

The article discusses the early period (1928-1932) in the development of the first national organization of Soviet artists - cooperative ’Vsekokhudozhnik’ - within the framework of institutional history and criticism. The main principles of this institution are analyzed and compared with the key ideas of left avant-garde trends in the Soviet art. The analysis of institutional characteristics of ’Vsekokhudozhnik’ relies on materials of central and regional archives. Parallels are drawn between the key characteristics of this cooperative and the Russian avant-garde’s aspirations to radically transform the art world. The author demonstrates the following overlapping views: ideas about the new identity of an artist; the new status of material objects; depersonalization of art and promotion of collective forms of production; importance of independent art and the need for overcoming (through negation and destruction) the bourgeois market institutional model of art. The conclusion is made that the system of artists’ cooperatives served as a platform for testing the principles of political economy of Soviet art and that many of these principles are consistent with manifests of avant-garde movements in the 1920s (production art and literature of fact). In later periods, this platform was used to establish the economic institutional model of socialist realism (planned art production, mass production of copies, system for distribution of commissions, censorship, and so on).   Keywords: Cooperative ’Vsekokhudozhnik’, avant-garde, Soviet art, Solomon Nikritin, Soviet art marke

Extraction and Classification of App Features from App Reviews

Aasta aastalt on kasvanud bioinformaatikas kasutatavate rakenduste arv.Selle tulemusena on konkreetse ülesande lahendamiseks sobiliku rakenduse leidmine muutunud keerukaks ülesandeks.Rakenduste kirjelduste paremaks süstematiseerimiseks ja otsitavaks muutmiseks on kasutusele võetud erinevaid märksõnade ontoloogiaid. Hetkel annoteeritakse kirjeldusi käsitsi, mis on ajamahukas ning ei anna alati õigeid tulemusi.Antud töös kirjeldame uut annoteerimismeetodit, mis pakub automaatselt välja ühe või mitu märksõna kasutades selleks vaid tööriista vabatekstilist kirjeldust.Selleks kasutab meie meetod uusimaid loomuliku keele töötlemise meetodeid nagu Dirichlet' peitlahutus (latent Dirichlet allocation) ja sõnade vektoresitust (word2vec).Esmane võrdlus meie poolt välja pakutud algoritmi ja käsitsi saadud märgendusega näitab, et tulemused on paljulubavad.The number of tools for bioinformatics is constantly increasing. To organize the available information and to facilitate the search, different ontologies are used. Today annotation of new descriptions is done manually, which is time-consuming and not always correct. We proposed a new annotation method, which, based on the description of the tool, offers one or more annotation labels in accordance with the ontology. In our method, we applied modern methods of natural language processing, such as latent Dirichlet allocation and word2vec. We compared the manual annotation labels with the labels obtained by using our algorithm and the first results look auspicious

Matrix model of data and knowledge presentation to revealing regularities of the fluid flow regime in a pipeline based on hydrodynamics parameters

The study offers an original solution to one of the problems of hydrodynamics, namely revealing the regularities in the flow regime of fluid in a pipeline depending on the hydrodynamic parameters. The solution is based on using the intelligent system of the regularities revealing and decision-making. For the first time, a matrix model of data and knowledge representation (MM) is used for these purposes in the form of two matrices: descriptions of the fluid state in the space of characteristic features of hydrodynamics (pressure, velocity, temperature, and others); its rows are associated with various combinations of characteristic features values, and distinguishing of the diagnostic type, whose rows are associated with the corresponding rows of the description matrix, and its columns are associated with the two classifying features. The first classifying features takes four values corresponding to four fluid flow regimes, and the second classifying features takes three values only for the turbulent flow regime value from the first classifying features

Bases of intelligent system construction of the pipeline technical condition diagnostics

The urgent of creating the intelligent systems for revealing different kinds of regularities and decision-making in the problem area of pipeline technical condition diagnostics is considered. The technical condition diagnostics of pipeline is strongly dependent on the pipeline parameters, hydrodynamic characteristics of the pipeline-transported substance and that of environment (ambient medium). The advisability for the construction of the intelligent system for the pipeline technical condition diagnostics (IS PTCD) based on intelligent instrumental software (IIS) IMSLOG ambient medium, aimed at revealing different types of regularities in data and knowledge, decision-making and its justification with using cognitive tools, is shown. The matrix way of data and knowledge representation in the problem area and the main stages of IS PTCD constructing based on IIS IMSLOG IS PTCD are given. This will allow to reveal different types of regularities in data and knowledge on the base of the features that influence on the technical condition of the pipeline and, as well as make-decisions of the diagnostic and repair-prophylactic character. IS PTCD is essentially useful for the engineers in the problem area of pipeline-transported substance for decision-making and its justification with using cognitive tools, as well as for research activities and also for student training programs in the problem area

The Impact of Covid-19 on Supply Chain Management and Global Economy Development

Abstract—The impact of COVID-19 on our inter-connected economies and businesses has been significant, putting supply chains around the world under unprecedented pressure and severely disrupting global trade. Social distancing adopted by the governments in most countries of the world to contain the outbreak of the virus has many implications for the financial reporting of economic entities. The aim of the article is to consider the potential consequences of coronavirus for the presentation and disclosure of information in financial statements by economic entities. Emphasis is placed on assessing the international economic situation caused by the pandemic, the restrictions adopted by the authorities to curb the spread of coronavirus and the actions of financial reporting compilers in terms of reflecting adjusting and non-adjusting events after the reporting period and assuming going concern. As a result of the study the world economic situation and the negative risks and factors that the financial reporting compilers should pay particular attention during the presentation and disclosure of information are examine