Detecting neuroinflammation with molecular MRI

The work in this thesis is focused on the study of neuroinflammation with molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Neuroinflammation is a response of the central nervous system to pathological insult and it is present in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Being able to image neuroinflammation non-invasively with MRI techniques would have an important clinical value for diagnosis and assessment of therapy effectiveness. The aim of this work is to develop and validate an MR biomarker of neuroinflammation using MR Spectroscopy (MRS) and chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging (CEST). First, intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used as a mild inflammatory stimulus in wild type mice and in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Elevated levels of the osmolyte myo-inositol, measured with MRS and microglia activation are found in AD mice after LPS administration. Due to the inherent low spatial resolution of MRS, a CEST MRI method is developed next. A myo-inositol CEST protocol is optimised, using Matlab simulations based on the Bloch-McConnell equations for a three pool model, in order to maximize the contrast and to estimate the amount of signal that can be expected in vivo. In vitro and in vivo tests are presented and a fast CEST sequence is developed, while the experimental difficulties and limitations of the technique are discussed. A CEST protocol is finally applied to evaluate the metabolite response to an LPS inflammatory challenge using MRS and histology as validation. A correlation is described between CEST and MRS myo-inositol levels, as well as between CEST and microglia concentration (Iba1 immunostaining), which highlight the potential of CEST as a non-invasive in vivo neuroinflammatory biomarker

Análisis del machismo sexual en estudiantes universitarios

A study is presented that analyzed the characteristics of sexism; a descriptive, non-experimental cross-sectional methodology was used. The sample consisted of 3004 randomly chosen university students. A measurement scale with 12 items was used that allowed us to understand the current situation of the students in relation to sexism. The results indicate that sexism in university students is low, statistically significant differences were found between men and women, however, both groups present low scores. Likewise, there are differences in sexism by professional career, where engineering students score higher than social science students and age correlates directly and low with the variable under study. Keywords: Sexism, students, university. References [1]C. Silva Barreda and A. Zavala Calahorrano, «Machismo sexual y Marianismo en las relaciones de pareja, una revisión bibliográfica,» MEDWAVE, vol. 20, nº S1,2020. [2]B. Oblitas, «Machismo y violencia contra la mujer,» Investigaciones sociales, vol. 13, nº 23, pp. 301-322, 2009. [3]J. Calizaya, «Algunas ideas de investigación científica, » Minerva, vol. 1, nº 3, pp. 35-39, 2020. [4]G. W. Allport, The Nature of Prejudice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, USA: MA: Addison-Wesley, 1954. [5]M. Sacoto and E. Mosquera, «Apego y sexismo en población adulta entre 18 y 60 años en Quito, Ecuador [Apego y sexismo en población adulta entre 18 y 60años en Quito, Ecuador],» Ciencias Psicológicas, vol. 15, nº 2, p. 2302, 2021. [6]F. Tougas, R. Brown, A. Beaton and S. Joly, «Neosexism: Plus ca change, plus c'est pareil.,» Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 21, pp. 842-850,1995. [7]J. Swim, W. Aikin, W. HaII and B. Hunter, «Sexism, and Racism: Old-fashioned and Modern Prejudices.,» Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 8, nº2, pp. 199-214, 1995. [8]P. Glick and S. T. Fiske, «The Ambivalence toward Men Inventory: Differentiating hostile and benevolent beliefs about men,» Psychology of Women Quarterly,vol. 23, pp. 519-536, 1999. [9]J. McConahay, «Modern racism, ambivalence, and the modern racism scale.,» Prejudice, discrimination, and racism, vol. 1, pp. 91-125, 1986. [10]S. Ubillos-Landa, E. Goiburu-Moreno, A. Puente-Martínez and J. Pizarro-Ruiz, «Influence in sex education programs: An empirical study,» Revista de Psicodidactica, vol. 26, nº 2, pp. 123-131, 2021. [11]J. Cardona, L. Casas, S. Cañon, J. Castaño, A. Godoy, D. Henao and L. Valencia, «Sexismo y concepciones de la violencia de género contra la mujer en cuatro universidades de la ciudad de Manizales,» Archivos de Medicina, vol. 15, nº 2, pp. 200-219, 2015. [12] P. Rotaeche, J. Alboniga-Mayor, and N. Mondragon, «Representations of sexism in higher education and professional training,» Educacion XX1, vol. 24, nº 2, pp. 421-440, 2021. [13]J. Rojas and E. Carpintero, «Sexismo y agresiones físicas, sexuales y verbales-emocionales, en relaciones de noviazgo de estudiantes universitarios,» Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, vol. 9, nº 2, pp. 541-564, 2011. [14]C. Carpio, E. Bonilla-Algovia and M. Carrasco, «Ambivalent sexism in adolescents of castilla-la mancha,» Revista de Educacion, vol. 392, pp. 91-114, 2021. [15]C. Cruz Torres, F. Correa Romero and J. Padilla Bautista, «Sexism, fear of negative evaluation and destructive communication in the couple,» Revista de Psicologia, vol. 39, nº 1, pp. 9-34, 2021. [16]M. Lameiras-Fernández and Y. Rodríguez-Castro, «Evaluación del sexismo moderno en adolescentes,» Revista de Psicología Social, vol. 17, pp. 119-127, 2002. [17]M. Lameiras-Fernández and Y. Rodríguez-Castro, «Evaluación del sexismo ambivalente en estudiantes gallegos/as,» Acción Psicológica, vol. 2, nº 2, pp. 131-136, 2003. [18]S. De Lemus, M. Moya and P. Glick, «When Contact Correlates with Prejudice: Adolescents’ Romantic Relationship Experience Predicts Greater Benevolent Sexism in Boys and Hostile Sexism in Girls,» Sex Roles, vol. 63, nº 3-4, pp. 214-216, 2010. [19]M. Sánchez-Hernández, M. Herrera-Enríquez and F. Expósito, «Controlling Behaviors in Couple Relationships in the Digital Age: Acceptability of Gender Violence, Sexism, and Myths about Romantic Love,» Psychosocial Intervention, vol. 29, nº 2, pp. 67-81, 2021. [20]C. Diaz, M. Rosas and M. Gonzáles, «Escala de Machismo Sexual (EMS-Sexismo-12): diseño y análisis,» SUMMA Psicológica UST, vol. 7, nº 2, pp. 35-44, 2010. [21]H. Alvarado and C. Batanero, «Significado del Teorema Central del Límite en textos universitarios de probabilidad y estadística,» Estudios Pedagógicos, vol. 34, nº 2, pp. 7-28, 2008.Se presenta un estudio que analizó las características del machismo sexual; se utilizó una metodología descriptiva, no experimental de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 3004 estudiantes universitarios escogidos aleatoriamente. Se utilizó una escala de medición con 12 ítems que permitieron entender la situación actual de los estudiantes en relación con el machismo sexual. Los resultados indican que el machismo sexual en estudiantes universitarios es de nivel bajo, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres, sin embargo, ambos grupos presentan puntajes bajos. Asimismo, existen diferencias del machismo sexual por carrera profesional, donde los estudiantes de ingenierías puntúan más alto que los estudiantes de ciencias sociales y que la edad correlaciona de forma directa y baja con la variable de estudio. Palabras Clave: Machismo sexual, sexismo, estudiantes, universidad. &nbsp

El funcionamiento de la firma electronica en el derecho registral y notarial en Chile

65 p.El Funcionamiento de la Firma Electrónica en el Derecho Registral y Notarial, es un tema de gran relevancia legal y social, por la circunstancia que constituye un hito importante dentro de un proceso de modernización del sistema registral y notarial chileno, que afecta a Notarios y Conservadores de Bienes Raíces, los que han debido adaptarse paulatinamente a este proceso innovador. Es por este motivo, que la metodología a utilizar es una investigación mixta, enfocando el tema desde una perspectiva jurídica dogmática, sin dejar de lado, el aspecto realista, utilizando el trabajo de campo, para conocer la realidad social que subyace a toda normativa legal. Finalmente, se pretende demostrar que el funcionamiento del sistema de firma electrónica avanzada, cubre los estándares de confianza y seguridad jurídica./ ABSTRACT: The Functioning of the Electronic Signature in the Registry and Notarized law is a topic of great legal and social relevancy, because it constitutes an important milestone inside a modernization process to the Chilean system of Registry and Notarized, that affects bother Notaries and Real Estate Registrars, who must have adapted gradually to this innovative process. Is for this motive, that the methodology used is a mixed investigation focusing the topic from a juridical dogmatic perspective, without leaving a side, the realistic aspect, using the fieldwork, to know the social reality that underlies any legal regulation. Finally, it will be demonstrate that the functioning of the system of electronic advanced signature covers the confidence standards and juridical safety

Detecting neuroinflammation with molecular MRI

The work in this thesis is focused on the study of neuroinflammation with molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Neuroinflammation is a response of the central nervous system to pathological insult and it is present in many neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Being able to image neuroinflammation non-invasively with MRI techniques would have an important clinical value for diagnosis and assessment of therapy effectiveness. The aim of this work is to develop and validate an MR biomarker of neuroinflammation using MR Spectroscopy (MRS) and chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging (CEST). First, intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used as a mild inflammatory stimulus in wild type mice and in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Elevated levels of the osmolyte myo-inositol, measured with MRS and microglia activation are found in AD mice after LPS administration. Due to the inherent low spatial resolution of MRS, a CEST MRI method is developed next. A myo-inositol CEST protocol is optimised, using Matlab simulations based on the Bloch-McConnell equations for a three pool model, in order to maximize the contrast and to estimate the amount of signal that can be expected in vivo. In vitro and in vivo tests are presented and a fast CEST sequence is developed, while the experimental difficulties and limitations of the technique are discussed. A CEST protocol is finally applied to evaluate the metabolite response to an LPS inflammatory challenge using MRS and histology as validation. A correlation is described between CEST and MRS myo-inositol levels, as well as between CEST and microglia concentration (Iba1 immunostaining), which highlight the potential of CEST as a non-invasive in vivo neuroinflammatory biomarker

Control de gestion CODELCO Chile Division El Teniente

262 p.Nuestra Tesis se trata del diseño de las etapas del Control de Gestión para Codelco Chile, División El Teniente y de la descripción de otras previamente diseñadas por la empresa. Este trabajo se desarrollo utilizando herramientas teóricas y practicas basadas en una metodología previamente diseñada que contemplo un estudio bibliográfico exhaustivo y el análisis de la empresa efectuado desde su interior, durante el primer trimestre del presente ano, permitiéndonos de esta forma tener acceso a la información necesaria para el desarrollo de la presente tesis. En este texto encontrara una reseña histórica de la empresa, el marco teórico utilizado, Ias variables que condicionan el Diseño del Sistema de Control de Gestión y los Mecanismos Facilitantes, tanto de motivación como de desempeño. Finalmente encontrara los Indicadores de Gestión a nivel de División y de Unidades Estratégicas de Negocio propuestos por las alumnas tesistas. En busca de otorgar al lector una mayor claridad en Ios conceptos utilizados en la presente memoria, al inicio de cada capitulo se dará una breve descripción teórica del tema que abarcara este

Percepcion de FITAL en la Region del Maule.

235 p.El presente estudio que Ileva por nombre "Percepción de FITAL en la Region del Maule", tiene coma finalidad identificar que variables están influyendo en los visitantes de esta feria que los impulsan a concurrir a FITAL, todo esto con el fin de determinar cual es la iniciativa que la dirección de Fundación FIMAULE, debe tomar a objeto de establecer si lo que esta entregando es realmente o que el cliente busca y percibe al visitar la feria. Teóricamente, nuestro estudio se basa en un modelo extraído de la literatura existente, mas específicamente del libro "Comportamiento del Consumidor" de los autores Loudon y Della Bitta, donde se ha conjugado con los modelos que más se adecuan a nuestra investigación. Para la obtención de los datos se construyo un instrumento de medición, aplicado a los visitantes de la feria realizada el presente año, dichos datos fueron analizados a traves de tres niveles de análisis, estos fueron el Univariado, que consistió en la utilización de estadísticos de tendencia central y de dispersión. El segundo tipo de análisis fue a nivel Bivariado, el cual se realizó principalmente por medio de las pruebas Ji-Cuadrado y el análisis de tablas cruzadas. Por ultimo se realizó un análisis de tipo multivariado realizado mediante el uso de conglomerados y análisis factorial. Finalmente, esta investigación muestra la proyección que debiera tener la feria y que alternativas se presentan para Fundación FIMAULE en el futuro, que maximizan el nivel de satisfacción del cliente que visita la feria

Arsenic accumulation in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and broad bean (Vicia faba L.) crops and its potential risk for human consumption

Exposure to arsenic (As) is considered one of the primary health risks humans face worldwide. This study was conducted to determine As absorption by broad beans and lettuce crops grown in soil with As contents and irrigated with water contaminated with this toxic element, in Pastos Chicos, Jujuy (Argentina). Total dry biomass (TDB) and total As were determined in soils, roots, leaves, pods and seeds. These data were used to determine several parameters, such as translocation (TF) and bioconcentration (BCF) factors, target hazard quotient (THQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR). Broad bean plants had the lowest biomass production when exposed to As in irrigation water and soil. Lettuce plants presented TDB reductions of 33.3 and 42.8% when grown in soil polluted with As, and in control soil under irrigation with contaminated water, respectively. The presence of this toxicant in broad bean seeds and lettuce leaves (edible parts) exceeded the limits established by Código Alimentario Argentino, i.e. 0.10 and 0.30 mg/kg, respectively. THQ values for lettuce leaves were higher than 1, the same as those for broad bean seeds when grown in soil with As contents and irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water, thus suggesting that consumers would run significant risks when consuming these vegetables. Furthermore, this type of exposure to As implied a CR that exceeded the acceptable 1 × 10−4 risk level. Hence, we may conclude that consuming lettuce and broad beans grown at the evaluated site brings about considerable health risks for local residents.Fil: Yanez, Luciano Matias. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta; ArgentinaFil: Alfaro, J. A.. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Avila Carreras, Natalia Maria Elisa. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Bovi Mitre, G.. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Effect of llama (Lama glama) manure and Trichoderma strain T1R3 on arsenic uptake by Swiss chard and broad bean crops

The town of Pastos Chicos (Jujuy-Argentina), presents arsenic (As) concentrations in soil (49 mgAs kg − 1 ) and water (1.44 mgAs L − 1 ) significantly above the maximum allowable limits set by National Laws N o 24,585 and N° 24,051. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of llama manure (Lama glama) and Trichoderma strain T1R3 on As uptake and toxicity in Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) and broad bean (Vicia faba L.) crops while assessing potential human health risks. Results indicated that Trichoderma strain T1R3 inoculation stimulated broad bean plant growth by reducing As stress. Swiss chard crops treated with 5% manure and a manure/Trichoderma T1R3 combination reduced As absorption from 32.46 to 64.02% in roots, and from 35.2 to 44.5% in leaves. Broad bean crops inoculated with Trichoderma T1R3 showed significant mitigation of toxicant accumulation in the leaves (67.42%). Also, the manure/Trichoderma T1R3 combination reduced As accumulation (57.46%) in broad bean roots. The efficacy of llama manure and of the llama manure/Trichoderma T1R3 combination in reducing health hazards that derive from As intake by consuming chard leaves was also reflected in Hazard Quotient < 1 values. Although Cancer Risk values decreased considerably, these showed there was a considerable carcinogenic risk for humans consuming chard leaves. These observations reveal that adding llama manure and Trichoderma T1R3 might mitigate As uptake by crops, thus reducing human health risks. This study advanced our understanding of the complex llama manure/Trichoderma strain interactions in Ascontaminated soils, which are imperative for developing effective mitigations strategies.Fil: Yanez, Luciano Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; ArgentinaFil: Alfaro, Jimena Agustina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Avila Carreras, Natalia Maria Elisa. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Bovi Mitre, G.. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin