OpenWeather: a peer-to-peer weather data transmission protocol

The study of the weather is performed using instruments termed weather stations. These weather stations are distributed around the world, collecting the data from the different phenomena. Several weather organizations have been deploying thousands of these instruments, creating big networks to collect weather data. These instruments are collecting the weather data and delivering it for later processing in the collections points. Nevertheless, all the methodologies used to transmit the weather data are based in protocols non adapted for this purpose. Thus, the weather stations are limited by the data formats and protocols used in them, not taking advantage of the real-time data available on them. We research the weather instruments, their technology and their network capabilities, in order to provide a solution for the mentioned problem. OpenWeather is the protocol proposed to provide a more optimum and reliable way to transmit the weather data. We evaluate the environmental factors, such as location or bandwidth availability, in order to design a protocol adapted to the requirements established by the automatic weather stations. A peer to peer architecture is proposed, providing a functional implementation of OpenWeather protocol. The evaluation of the protocol is executed in a real scenario, providing the hints to adapt the protocol to a common automatic weather station.Comment: Available as well: http://lib.tkk.fi/Final_project/2011/urn100502.pd

Outlier SNPs detect weak regional structure against a background of genetic homogeneity in the Eastern Rock Lobster, Sagmariasus verreauxi

Genetic differentiation is characteristically weak in marine species making assessments of population connectivity and structure difficult. However, the advent of genomic methods has increased genetic resolution, enabling studies to detect weak, but significant population differentiation within marine species. With an increasing number of studies employing high resolution genome-wide techniques, we are realising that the connectivity of marine populations is often complex and quantifying this complexity can provide an understanding of the processes shaping marine species genetic structure and to inform long-term, sustainable management strategies. This study aims to assess the genetic structure, connectivity, and local adaptation of the Eastern Rock Lobster (Sagmariasus verreauxi), which has a maximum pelagic larval duration of 12 months and inhabits both subtropical and temperate environments. We used 645 neutral and 15 outlier SNPs to genotype lobsters collected from the only two known breeding populations and a third episodic population—encompassing S. verreauxi's known range. Through examination of the neutral SNP panel, we detected genetic homogeneity across the three regions, which extended across the Tasman Sea encompassing both Australian and New Zealand populations. We discuss differences in neutral genetic signature of S. verreauxi and a closely related, co-distributed rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, determining a regional pattern of genetic disparity between the species, which have largely similar life histories. Examination of the outlier SNP panel detected weak genetic differentiation between the three regions. Outlier SNPs showed promise in assigning individuals to their sampling origin and may prove useful as a management tool for species exhibiting genetic homogeneity

Bacterial salivary microbiome associates with asthma among african american children and young adults

Several studies have shown that the airways of asthma patients contain higher diversity of bacteria and are enriched in pathogenic species. However, sampling the airways in children is challenging. Here we aimed to identify differences in the salivary bacterial composition between African Americans children with and without asthma. Saliva samples from 57 asthma cases and 57 healthy controls were analyzed by means of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon profiling. Measurements of bacterial diversity and genus relative abundance were compared between cases and controls using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test and multivariate regression models. A total of five phyla and a mean of 56 genera were identified. Among them, 15 genera had a relative abundance greater than 1%, being Prevotella, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella the most abundant genera. Differences between cases and controls were found in terms of diversity, as well as in relative abundance for Streptococcus genus (13.0% in cases vs 18.3% in controls; P = .003) and Veillonella genus (11.1% in cases vs 8.0% in controls; P = .002). These differences remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons and when potential confounders were taken into account in logistic regression models. In conclusion, we identified changes in the salivary microbiota associated with asthma among African Americans

Bacterial salivary microbiome associates with asthma among african american children and young adults

Several studies have shown that the airways of asthma patients contain higher diversity of bacteria and are enriched in pathogenic species. However, sampling the airways in children is challenging. Here we aimed to identify differences in the salivary bacterial composition between African Americans children with and without asthma. Saliva samples from 57 asthma cases and 57 healthy controls were analyzed by means of 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon profiling. Measurements of bacterial diversity and genus relative abundance were compared between cases and controls using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test and multivariate regression models. A total of five phyla and a mean of 56 genera were identified. Among them, 15 genera had a relative abundance greater than 1%, being Prevotella, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, and Veillonella the most abundant genera. Differences between cases and controls were found in terms of diversity, as well as in relative abundance for Streptococcus genus (13.0% in cases vs 18.3% in controls; P = .003) and Veillonella genus (11.1% in cases vs 8.0% in controls; P = .002). These differences remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons and when potential confounders were taken into account in logistic regression models. In conclusion, we identified changes in the salivary microbiota associated with asthma among African Americans

Informe de Campaña - Vulcana0316 - Marzo 2016

El objetivo principal del proyecto Vulcana (Vulcanología Canaria Submarina), es evaluar el grado de afección y la recuperación sobre el ecosistema marino del volcán submarino Tagoro de la isla de El Hierro, haciéndolo extensible a otras regiones de posible interés hidrotermal o vulcanológico. Para ello, se realizará un estudio completo de las propiedades físico-químicas, biológicas y geológicas en las áreas descritas.Versión de edito

Adaptation to HIF1a deletion in hypoxic cancer cells by upregulation of GLUT14 and creatine metabolism

© 2019 American Association for Cancer Research. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1a is a key regulator of the hypoxia response in normal and cancer tissues. It is well recognized to regulate glycolysis and is a target for therapy. However, how tumor cells adapt to grow in the absence of HIF1a is poorly understood and an important concept to understand for developing targeted therapies is the flexibility of the metabolic response to hypoxia via alternative pathways. We analyzed pathways that allow cells to survive hypoxic stress in the absence of HIF1a, using the HCT116 colon cancer cell line with deleted HIF1a versus control. Spheroids were used to provide a 3D model of metabolic gradients. We conducted a metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analysis and integrated the results. These showed surprisingly that in three-dimensional growth, a key regulatory step of glycolysis is Aldolase A rather than phosphofructokinase. Furthermore, glucose uptake could be maintained in hypoxia through upregulation of GLUT14, not previously recognized in this role. Finally, there was a marked adaptation and change of phosphocreatine energy pathways, which made the cells susceptible to inhibition of creatine metabolism in hypoxic conditions. Overall, our studies show a complex adaptation to hypoxia that can bypass HIF1a, but it is targetable and it provides new insight into the key metabolic pathways involved in cancer growth