Dichlorido(10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro-4,5,9,14-tetra­azabenzo[b]triphenyl­ene)cadmium(II) hemihydrate

In the title compound, [CdCl2(C18H14N4)2]·0.5H2O, the Cd atom assumes a distorted octa­hedral trans-CdCl2N4 geometry arising from its coordination by two N,N′-bidentate 10,11,12,13-tetra­hydro-4,5,9,14-tetra­azabenzo[b]triphenyl­ene (TBBT) mol­ecules and two chloride ions. In the crystal, π–π aromatic stacking inter­actions between adjacent TTBT rings are seen, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.604 (3) Å. An O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bond between the half-occupied water molecule and one chloride ion also occurs

Analysis and realization of pathology diagnosis on intraoperative frozen sections of papillary thyroid carcinoma

目的  探讨术中冷冻切片在甲状腺肿瘤手术中的应用，提高甲状腺乳头状癌术中冷冻病理诊断的准确率。方法  回顾性观察我科43例甲状腺乳头状癌患者的术中冷冻切片。结果  术中冷冻切片诊断甲状腺乳头状癌43例，确诊率为100%。结论  为提高术中冷冻切片病理诊断的准确性，必须加强与临床医师沟通，详细了解患者的临床资料，正确全面的取材，掌握甲状腺乳头状癌的病理诊断及鉴别要点，提高冷冻切片质量。Objective:To explore the application of intraoperative frozen sections in thyroid tumor surgery and to improve its diagnostic accuracy in thyroid tumor surgery. Methods:To respectively analyze the intraoperative frozen sections of 43 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma in our department. Results:By intraoperative frozen sections, 43 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma were diagnosed, the diagnostic accuracy amounting to 100%.Conclusion:Increasing the diagnosis accuracy of intraoperative frozen sections counts in understanding clinical data in detail，drawing materials correctly and comprehensively，commanding common papillary thyroid carcinoma pathologic diagnosis and differentiated points，enhancing the communication with clinicians and improving the quality of frozen sections

A qualitative exploration of perceptions and experiences of contraceptive use, abortion and post-abortion family planning services (PAFP) in three provinces in China

Background: The INPAC project aims to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated post-abortion family planning (PAFP) services into existing hospital based abortion services in China. A qualitative study was conducted in three provinces to contribute to developing effective PAFP services through understanding influences on contraceptive use, experiences of abortion and existing PAFP, and their effect on future contraceptive practices from the perspective of users, in the context of social and institutional change. Methods: Twenty-nine in-depth interviews (IDIs) were undertaken with women who had experienced abortion between 1 and 6 months prior to interview, recruited from three urban and two rural facilities in each province. Thirteen IDIs were also conducted with male partners. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) were carried out with community members from different social groups, including unmarried and married women and men, urban residents and rural-to-urban migrants. Results: Social networks and norms are important in shaping attitudes and behaviour towards abortion and contraception. Widespread concerns were expressed about side-effects, reliability and effects on future fertility of some modern contraceptives. The combination of limited information and choices and a lack of person-centred counselling in PAFP with anxieties about side effects underlies the widespread use of unreliable methods. Gendered power relations significantly influence contraceptive (non) use, with several examples illustrating women's relative lack of power to decide on a method, particularly in the case of condoms. Although the availability of contraceptive information from respected providers can offer impetus for individual behaviour change, social distance from providers reduces opportunities for clients to discuss their difficulties regarding contraceptive use; particularly, but not exclusively for young, unmarried clients. Conclusions: Increased access to non-commercial, reliable information on contraceptive methods is needed. PAFP services must go beyond simple information provision to ensure that providers take a more personcentred approach, which considers the most appropriate method for individual clients and probes for the underlying influences on contraceptive (non) use. More sensitive reflection on gender norms and relationships is required during counselling and, where women choose this, efforts should be made to include their male partners. Specific attention to provider positionality and skills for counselling young, unmarried clients is needed

Harmine Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Enhancing the BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. Harmine not only effectively improves the symptoms of DM but also provides neuroprotective effects in central nervous system diseases. However, whether harmine has an effect on diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, the learning and memory abilities of rats were evaluated by the Morris water maze test. Changes in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/TrkB signaling pathway were determined in both streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and high glucose (HG)-treated SH-SY5Y cells by western blotting and histochemistry. Herein, we found that harmine administration significantly ameliorated learning and memory impairment in diabetic rats. Further study showed that harmine inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as demonstrated by reduced NLRP3, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 levels, in the cortex of harmine-treated rats with DM. Harmine was observed to have similar beneficial effects in HG-treated neuronal cells. Moreover, we found that harmine treatment enhanced BDNF and phosphorylated TrkB levels in both the cortex of STZ-induced diabetic rats and HG-treated cells. These data indicate that harmine mitigates cognitive impairment by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and enhancing the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway. Thus, our findings suggest that harmine is a potential therapeutic drug for diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction

Notch2 controls hepatocyte-derived cholangiocarcinoma formation in mice.

Liver cancer comprises a group of malignant tumors, among which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are the most common. ICC is especially pernicious and associated with poor clinical outcome. Studies have shown that a subset of human ICCs may originate from mature hepatocytes. However, the mechanisms driving the trans-differentiation of hepatocytes into malignant cholangiocytes remain poorly defined. We adopted lineage tracing techniques and an established murine hepatocyte-derived ICC model by hydrodynamic injection of activated forms of AKT (myr-AKT) and Yap (YapS127A) proto-oncogenes. Wild-type, Notch1 flox/flox , and Notch2 flox/flox mice were used to investigate the role of canonical Notch signaling and Notch receptors in AKT/Yap-driven ICC formation. Human ICC and HCC cell lines were transfected with siRNA against Notch2 to determine whether Notch2 regulates biliary marker expression in liver tumor cells. We found that AKT/Yap-induced ICC formation is hepatocyte derived and this process is strictly dependent on the canonical Notch signaling pathway in vivo. Deletion of Notch2 in AKT/Yap-induced tumors switched the phenotype from ICC to hepatocellular adenoma-like lesions, while inactivation of Notch1 in hepatocytes did not result in significant histomorphological changes. Finally, in vitro studies revealed that Notch2 silencing in ICC and HCC cell lines down-regulates the expression of Sox9 and EpCAM biliary markers. Notch2 is the major determinant of hepatocyte-derived ICC formation in mice

Selection and environmental adaptation along a path to speciation in the Tibetan frog Nanorana parkeri.

Tibetan frogs, Nanorana parkeri, are differentiated genetically but not morphologically along geographical and elevational gradients in a challenging environment, presenting a unique opportunity to investigate processes leading to speciation. Analyses of whole genomes of 63 frogs reveal population structuring and historical demography, characterized by highly restricted gene flow in a narrow geographic zone lying between matrilines West (W) and East (E). A population found only along a single tributary of the Yalu Zangbu River has the mitogenome only of E, whereas nuclear genes of W comprise 89-95% of the nuclear genome. Selection accounts for 579 broadly scattered, highly divergent regions (HDRs) of the genome, which involve 365 genes. These genes fall into 51 gene ontology (GO) functional classes, 14 of which are likely to be important in driving reproductive isolation. GO enrichment analyses of E reveal many overrepresented functional categories associated with adaptation to high elevations, including blood circulation, response to hypoxia, and UV radiation. Four genes, including DNAJC8 in the brain, TNNC1 and ADORA1 in the heart, and LAMB3 in the lung, differ in levels of expression between low- and high-elevation populations. High-altitude adaptation plays an important role in maintaining and driving continuing divergence and reproductive isolation. Use of total genomes enabled recognition of selection and adaptation in and between populations, as well as documentation of evolution along a stepped cline toward speciation

Determination of antidepressant activity of Cyperus rotundus L extract in rats

Purpose: To investigate the antidepressant effect of Cyperus rotundus L. extract (CRLE) in rats.Methods: A rat model of depression was prepared for behavioral tests including tail suspension test or forced swimming test. Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10): normal group (0.9 % NaCl), model group (0.9 % NaCl), positive drug group (fluoxetine 30 mg/kg) as well as CRLE groups, namely, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg doses. All drugs were orally administered at 14: 00 - 15: 00 h for 1, 7 and 14 days, respectively. Tail suspension and forced swimming tests were conducted 1 h after the last treatment. Monoamine oxidize A (MAO) assay was commenced in rats after 14-day administration. Except for the rats in normal group, other group participated in the behavioral tests.Results: The effect of 800 mg/kg CRLE was more potent than the positive drug fluoxetine. CRLE (≥ 200 mg/kg) treatment for 14 days significantly inhibited brain MAO activity in rats (p < 0.01) in a dosedependent manner. Oral administration of 800 mg/kg CRLE produced MAO B inhibitory activity in rat brain (p < 0.01). Fluoxetine inhibited both brain MAO A and B activities in rats (p < 0.01).Conclusion: The results suggest that CRLE produces significant antidepressant effect in rats, and therefore, may be useful for the treatment of depressed patients, but further studies are required to ascertain this.Keywords: Cyperus rotundus, Antidepressant, Tail suspension test, Forced swimming test, Monoamine oxidase, Fluoxetin

Blockage of NOX2/MAPK/NF- κ

Acute energy failure is one of the critical factors contributing to the pathogenic mechanisms of retinal ischemia. Our previous study demonstrated that glucose deprivation can lead to a caspase-dependent cell death of photoreceptors. The aim of this study was to decipher the upstream signal pathway in glucose deprivation- (GD-) induced cell death. We mimicked acute energy failure by using glucose deprivation in photoreceptor cells (661W cells). GD-induced oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring ROS with the DCFH-DA assay and HO-1 expression by Western blot analysis. The activation of NOX2/MAPK/NF-κB signal was assessed by Western blot and immunohistochemical assays. The roles of these signals in GD-induced cell death were measured by using their specific inhibitors. Inhibition of Rac-1 and NOX2 suppressed GD-induced oxidative stress and protected photoreceptors against GD-induced cell death. NOX2 was an upstream signal in the caspase-dependent cell death cascade, yet the downstream MAPK pathways were activated and blocking MAPK signals rescued 661W cells from GD-induced death. In addition, GD caused the activation of NF-κB signal and inhibiting NF-κB significantly protected 661W cells. These observations may provide insights for treating retinal ischemic diseases and protecting retinal neurons from ischemia-induced cell death