115 research outputs found

    ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS AND CYCLOISOMERIZATION OF 1-BICYCLO[1.1.0]BUTAN-1-YL ALKYLAMINES

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    This dissertation demonstrates the synthesis and application studies of 1-bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl alkylamines. The enantioselective synthesis of 1-bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl alkylamines was achieved by dicarbene addition to enantiomerically enriched propargyl amides. The enantioselective addition of alkynes to imines proceeded well for most N-DPP amides. But the carbene addition suffered from the formation of cyclopropane byproducts. However, a series of silyl-substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes could be synthesized by this methodology in high, reproducible yields. When tethered to an activated alkyne, the silyl-substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]butane undergoes cyclization to form pyrrolidines. In the application of the 1-bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl alkylamines, a palladium(0)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and methylenecyclopropanes has been developed. 3-Azaspiro[bicyclo[3.1.0] hexane-6,1'-cyclopropane] is obtained with excellent stereoselectivity. Novel 2,3,3a,6a- tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrol-4(1H)-one is the product of the cycloisomerization and carbonylation sequence

    Outage Performance Enhancement for NOMA Based Cooperative Relay Sharing Networks

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    This letter considers a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) based cooperative relay sharing (CRS) network, where two sources communicate with their corresponding users over the same time and frequency via a shared decode-and-forward relay. A novel transmission scheme using max-min criterion based dynamic decoding order strategy is proposed to minimize the outage probability of the network at the cost of lower complexity and overhead. The closed-form expression of the overall outage probability for the proposed scheme is derived. Both analytical and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can achieve non-zero diversity order and almost the same outage performance as the dynamic power allocation based transmission scheme for NOMA based CRS networks

    Genomic monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 uncovers an Nsp1 deletion variant that modulates type I interferon response

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    The SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, is undergoing constant mutation. Here, we utilized an integrative approach combining epidemiology, virus genome sequencing, clinical phenotyping, and experimental validation to locate mutations of clinical importance. We identified 35 recurrent variants, some of which are associated with clinical phenotypes related to severity. One variant, containing a deletion in the Nsp1-coding region (D500-532), was found in more than 20% of our sequenced samples and associates with higher RT-PCR cycle thresholds and lower serum IFN-beta levels of infected patients. Deletion variants in this locus were found in 37 countries worldwide, and viruses isolated from clinical samples or engineered by reverse genetics with related deletions in Nsp1 also induce lower IFN-beta responses in infected Calu-3 cells. Taken together, our virologic surveillance characterizes recurrent genetic diversity and identified mutations in Nsp1 of biological and clinical importance, which collectively may aid molecular diagnostics and drug design.Peer reviewe

    Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

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    JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

    Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

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    As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

    Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

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    Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30MM_{\odot} for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

    Performance analysis of cooperative NOMA with a shared AF relay

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    Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

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    Background and Aims. Plenty of studies were conducted to explore the prognostic significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in ovarian cancer with contradictory results. This study aims to summarize the prognostic significance of NLR in patients with ovarian cancer. Methods. A literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase was conducted. The endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results. Eleven studies involving a total of 2,892 patients were identified. The results indicated that patients with high NLR had shorter PFS compared to patients with low NLR in ovarian cancer (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.15–2.08, p=0.004, and I2=61%). Similarly, high NLR was related to shorter OS (HR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.03–2.23, p=0.04, and I2=85%). Moreover, high NLR was significantly associated with shorter PFS when the NLR cut-off was less than 3.3 (p=0.03) or when treatment is operation (p=0.002). In addition, high NLR was distinctly related to worse OS in Asian people (p = 0.04) or operation (p = 0.04). Conclusion. High NLR was associated with shorter PFS and shorter OS in ovarian cancer. NLR is potentially a promising prognostic biomarker in patients with ovarian cancer
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