COVID-19患者との接触が精神科病院職員に与えた影響

博士（医学）・乙第1515号・令和3年12月21日© 2020 The Authors Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences.© 2020 Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pcn.13179], which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13179]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited

Estivation grounds of the sand lance Ammodytes japonicus (Ammoditidae) in the Mihara Strait, mid-western Seto Inland Sea, Japan

瀬戸内海西部水域は過去に大規模な海砂利採取が為され，潜砂習性を持ち砂中で夏眠するイカナゴ資源の減少が明白な状況にあることから，イカナゴの生息底質の環境悪化が懸念されている。そこで，イカナゴの主要生息地の1つであった安芸灘三原瀬戸において，2014年と2015年の夏期にドレッジ調査を実施し，イカナゴの生息状況と底質性状を分析した。夏眠イカナゴは竹原沖から大三島南部の三原瀬戸西部エリア（3地点）と三原湾細島周辺の三原瀬戸東部エリア（2地点）で確認された。これら5 地点はいずれもイカナゴが好むとされる粒径0.25mm–4.0mmの砂粒子をおよそ80％の重量割合で含む砂底質であった。一方，イカナゴの出現が確認できなかった地点 の砂粒子成分の含有率は有意に低かった。三原瀬戸におけるイカナゴの夏眠生息に適した砂底質の分布は地理的に限られた状態にあり，イカナゴ資源回復を制約する要因になっている可能性が示唆された。The sand lance Ammodytes japonicus in the Seto Inland Sea is known to estivate in fine sandy grounds when water temperatures reach above 19ºC, usually from late June to early December. Catches of the sand lance have decreased drastically since the mid-1980s, coinciding with large-scale quarrying for bottom sands, which strongly suggests that sand lance populations have been seriously impacted as a result of deterioration and disturbances to sandy-bottom habitats. Mihara Strait was once a major fishing ground for sand lance and has also suffered from quarrying. To evaluate the present condition of the sandy areas of Mihara Strait as potential estivation grounds of the sand lance, we sampled sediments at 11 survey points, using a square-shaped dredge towed by the training vessel Toyoshio-maru of Hiroshima University, in 2014 and 2015. We then analyzed the physical characteristics of the sediment samples. Sand lance individuals were observed in the sediments collected from five survey points: three on the western side and two on the eastern side of the strait. Sediments at these five survey points comprised sandy elements of 0.25–4.0 mm diameter, which constituted over 80% of the weight ratio of the sediment samples. Sediments from the other survey points included pebble elements and had significantly lower weight ratios of sandy elements, suggesting the unsuitability of the substrate at those points for burrowing by the sand lance. Thus, it is suggested that sandy grounds for estivation of the sand lance are geographically limited in Mihara Strait at present, a situation that may restrict population recovery of this species in these waters.本研究は，環境省環境研究総合推進費S-13「持続可能な沿岸海域実現を目指した沿岸海域管理手法の開発（2014-2018年度；代表 柳 哲雄）」の助成を受け，サブテーマ「閉鎖性海域・瀬戸内海における栄養塩濃度管理法の開発（テーマリーダー 西嶋 渉）」のプロジェクト事業の一環として実施したものである

ダイ41ジ ナンキョク チイキ カンソクタイ キショウ ブモン ホウコク 2000

この報告は,第41次南極地域観測隊気象部門が,2000年2月1日から2001年1月31日まで,昭和基地において行った気象観測結果をまとめたものである.観測方法,測器,統計方法等は,第40次隊とほぼ同様である. 越冬期間中,特記される気象現象として,次のものが挙げられる.1) 地上気象観測において,3月には好天が継続し,月平均気温の低い方,月最低気温の低い方,月間日照時間の多い方等の,また,10月には曇天が持続し,月平均雲量の多い方,月間日照時間の少ない方のそれぞれの極値の更新があった.2) 高層気象観測では,9月,10月の50hPaより上の領域で30年平均値に比べて強い西風偏差が現れた.3) オゾン全量観測において,昨年に引き続き大規模なオゾンホールを観測した.オゾンホールの消滅は12月1日で,オゾンホールが継続して大規模に発達している1992年以降では94年に次ぎ2番目に早かった.4) エアロゾルゾンデ観測において,春季南極上空で形成されるオゾンホールの重要要因となっていると思われる極成層圏雲(PSCs)の雲粒子の分布状況を観測した.This report is a collection of results on meteorological observations performed by the 41st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition from February 1, 2000 through January 31, 2001 at Syowa Station. The measuring instruments and means of compiling statistics were almost the same as those used on the 40th Expedition. Remarkable weather phenomena during the wintering period are as follows.1) In surface weather observations, fine weather continued in March, the minimum monthly mean temperature, monthly lowest temperature, and maximum duration of monthly sunshine were recorded. On the other hand, cloudy weather continued in October, the maximum monthly mean cloud amount and the minimum duration of monthly sunshine were recorded.2) In upper air observations, heavy westerly wind blew above 50hPa compared to a normal year, in September and October.3) The large-scale ozone hole was observed, as in the previous year. The ozone hole disappeared on December 1; the recovery of the total amount of ozone was secondary earliest in the last 9 years.4) In observations using aerosol sondes, we observed variations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), which are thought to be the most important cause of ozone holes formed in the springtime Antarctic lower stratosphere

Influenza H1N1 virus-associated pneumonia often resembles rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease seen in collagen vascular diseases and COVID-19 pneumonia; CT-pathologic correlation in 24 patients

To describe computed tomography (CT) findings of influenza H1N1 virus-associated pneumonia (IH1N1VAP), and to correlate CT findings to pathological ones. The study included 24 patients with IH1N1VAP. Two observers independently evaluated the presence, distribution, and extent of CT findings. CT features were divided into either classical form (C-form) or non-classical form (NC-form). C-form included: A.) broncho-bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia type, whereas NC-forms included: B.) diffuse peribronchovascular type, simulating subacute rheumatoid arthritis-associated (RA) interstitial lung disease (ILD) and C.) lower peripheral and/or peribronchovascular type, resembling dermatomyositis-associated ILD and COVID-19 pneumonia. In 10 cases with IH1N1VAP where lung biopsy was performed, CT and pathology findings were correlated. The most common CT findings were ground-glass opacities (24/24, 100 %) and airspace consolidation (23/24, 96 %). C-form was found in 11 (46 %) patients while NC-form in 13 (54 %). Types A, B, and C were seen in 11(46 %), 4 (17 %), and 9 (38 %) patients, respectively. The lung biopsy revealed organizing pneumonia in all patients and 6 patients (60 %) showed incorporated type organizing pneumonia that was common histological findings of rapidly progressive ILD. In almost half of patients of IH1N1VAP, CT images show NC-form pneumonia pattern resembling either acute or subacute RA or dermatomyositis-associated ILD and COVID-19 pneumonia

Recent Molecular and Genetic Findings in Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors

The study of genetic alterations and molecular biology in central nervous system (CNS) tumors has improved the accuracy of estimations of patient prognosis and tumor categorization. Therefore, the updated 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification includes various diagnostic genes, molecules, and pathways for diagnosis, as well as histological findings. These findings are expected both to have diagnostic applications and to facilitate new targeted therapies that target tumor-specific genetic changes and molecular biology. Intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) are rare CNS tumors that are difficult to treat because they occur in eloquent areas. Although the genetic underpinnings of IMSCTs remain unclear compared to their intracranial counterparts, the genetic characteristics of these tumors are gradually being revealed. Here, we describe the major changes in the new 2021 WHO classification and review the major types of IMSCTs, with an emphasis on their clinical features and genetic alterations

The ability to induce heat shock transcription factor-regulated genes in response to lethal heat stress is associated with thermotolerance in tomato cultivars

Heat stress is a severe challenge for plant production, and the use of thermotolerant cultivars is critical to ensure stable production in high-temperature-prone environments. However, the selection of thermotolerant cultivars is difficult due to the complex nature of heat stress and the time and space needed for evaluation. In this study, we characterized genome-wide differences in gene expression between thermotolerant and thermosensitive tomato cultivars and examined the possibility of selecting gene expression markers to estimate thermotolerance among different tomato cultivars. We selected one thermotolerant and one thermosensitive cultivar based on physiological evaluations and compared heat-responsive gene expression in these cultivars under stepwise heat stress and acute heat shock conditions. Transcriptomic analyses reveled that two heat-inducible gene expression pathways, controlled by the heat shock element (HSE) and the evening element (EE), respectively, presented different responses depending on heat stress conditions. HSE-regulated gene expression was induced under both conditions, while EE-regulated gene expression was only induced under gradual heat stress conditions in both cultivars. Furthermore, HSE-regulated genes showed higher expression in the thermotolerant cultivar than the sensitive cultivar under acute heat shock conditions. Then, candidate expression biomarker genes were selected based on the transcriptome data, and the usefulness of these candidate genes was validated in five cultivars. This study shows that the thermotolerance of tomato is correlated with its ability to maintain the heat shock response (HSR) under acute severe heat shock conditions. Furthermore, it raises the possibility that the robustness of the HSR under severe heat stress can be used as an indicator to evaluate the thermotolerance of crop cultivars

Contact-number-driven virus evolution : a multi-level modeling framework for the evolution of acute or persistent RNA virus infection

Viruses evolve in infected host populations, and host population dynamics affect viral evolution. RNA viruses with a short duration of infection and a high peak viral load, such as SARS-CoV-2, are maintained in human populations. By contrast, RNA viruses characterized by a long infection duration and a low peak viral load (e.g., borna disease virus) can be maintained in nonhuman populations, and the process of the evolution of persistent viruses has rarely been explored. Here, using a multi-level modeling approach including both individual-level virus infection dynamics and population-scale transmission, we consider virus evolution based on the host environment, specifically, the effect of the contact history of infected hosts. We found that, with a highly dense contact history, viruses with a high virus production rate but low accuracy are likely to be optimal, resulting in a short infectious period with a high peak viral load. In contrast, with a low-density contact history, viral evolution is toward low virus production but high accuracy, resulting in long infection durations with low peak viral load. Our study sheds light on the origin of persistent viruses and why acute viral infections but not persistent virus infection tends to prevail in human society

Microscopic approach to current-driven domain wall dynamics

This review describes in detail the essential techniques used in microscopic theories on spintronics. We have investigated the domain wall dynamics induced by electric current based on the $s$-$d$ exchange model. The domain wall is treated as rigid and planar and is described by two collective coordinates: the position and angle of wall magnetization. The effect of conduction electrons on the domain wall dynamics is calculated in the case of slowly varying spin structure (close to the adiabatic limit) by use of a gauge transformation. The spin-transfer torque and force on the wall are expressed by Feynman diagrams and calculated systematically using non-equilibrium Green's functions, treating electrons fully quantum mechanically. The wall dynamics is discussed based on two coupled equations of motion derived for two collective coordinates. The force is related to electron transport properties, resistivity, and the Hall effect. Effect of conduction electron spin relaxation on the torque and wall dynamics is also studied.Comment: manucript accepted to Phys. Re

Treatment responses and their predictors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological agents

Biological agents represent an important advancement in for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but there is a subset of patients who do not improve despite therapy. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of biological agents for RA and to identify clinical factors that are associated with their response. We studied 98 patients with RA who started an initiating biological agent which was selected from infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and tociliximab at 4 medical institutions. Etanercept was the most frequently used biological agent followed by infliximab although there was a difference in the selection of the biological agents among medical institutions. We found that etanercept achieved the highest treatment response, remission rate and drug survival rate. A high disease activity in the baseline disease activity score-c-reactive protein (CRP) was shown to be a negative predictor of the treatment response, and high patient global assessment was significantly less likely to achieve a good response. At week 4, decreases in 28 swollen joint counts and CRP were useful as predictors for sustaining the efficacy up to week 48. These data demonstrate that assessments of the disease activity at baseline and the early treatment response may be useful in predicting the efficacy and drug survival rate of biological agents

Significance of serum palmitoleic acid levels in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are chronic intestinal diseases of unknown etiology that present with variable disease extents and outcomes. The use of biomarkers for the diagnosis and management of IBDs is considered beneficial. Palmitoleic acid (PO) is an adipose tissue-derived mono-unsaturated free fatty acid that potentially serves as a lipokine in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of PO levels in the serum of patients with UC and CD. The study included patients with UC (n = 22), patients with CD (n = 35), and controls (n = 22). The levels of serum PO were analyzed using gas chromatography. The association of serum PO levels with the clinical features and disease outcomes in IBD was examined. Serum PO levels were significantly higher in patients with CD than in controls, whereas no difference in these levels was observed between patients with UC and controls. Serum PO levels were significantly associated with the CD activity index. Additionally, high serum PO levels were associated with an increased risk of surgical intervention requirement during follow-up. In a pilot study with a few patients, high PO levels were observed in the mesenteric tissue in the active disease site of patients with CD (n = 7) compared with those with colon cancer (n = 6). Elevated serum PO levels might serve as a marker for local inflammation and prognosis in patients with CD