Case of Primary Carcinosarcoma as an Extremely Rare Cancer of Gallbladder

Introduction: Gallbladder carcinosarcomas (GBCS) are a rare type of gallbladder malignancies. These tumors are characterized by interlaced epithelial and mesenchymal components.Presentation of Case: The experience with diagnosis and follow-up of these cancers is limited because of the number of patients diagnosed with this tumor is so small and the tumor has a poor prognosis. Therefore, we present the following case report to share our experience with a 13-month survival of a 55-year-old woman presenting with right flank pain and jaundice who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with an initial diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis and later diagnosed with GBCS.Conclusion: GBCS have  poor survival rate even with successful surgical therapy due to unclear etiopathogenesis, extremely very low incidence, and lack of consensus regarding its follow-up and treatment

Farklı tip kumaşların bebeklerin giyim konforu, Uyku Paterni ve Tükürük Kortizol ve Melatonin düzeyleri üzerine etkisi

Infants’ health must be cared about in order to raise healthy generations. The way that infants can grow healthily is that they wear healthy, safe and comfortable clothes. The purpose of this study is to develop clothes intended for the clothing comfort of infants, to improve the product variety and quality of infant clothes, and also to research how the clothes affect infants. In conclusion of this study, it was confirmed that different fabrics had different reactions on the infants’ bodies.Sağlıklı nesiller yetiştirebilmek için bebeklerin sağlığına önem verilmelidir. Bebeklerin gelişimlerini sağlıklı bir şekilde sürdürebilmelerinin bir kolu da sağlıklı, güvenli ve konforlu giysiler giymeleridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 0-1 yaş aralığındaki bebeklerin giyim konforuna yönelik giysilerin geliştirilmesi, bebek giysilerinin ürün çeşidinin ve kalitesinin arttırılması, bunlara ek olarak giysilerin bebekleri ne şekilde etkilemekte olduğunun araştırılmasıdır. Sonuç olarak, birbirlerinden farklı kumaşların bebeklerin vücutları üzerinde farklı tepkiler oluşturdukları ve çalışma kapsamında geliştirilen çift katlı kumaş yapılarının bebeklerde olumlu yönde etkiler ortaya çıkardıkları tespit edilmiştir.This research was funded by Ege University with the project number of 11-TKUAM-001

Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin administration on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme(s) activities in preterm infants.

In the present investigation, we studied the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as an index of lipid peroxidation, related to iron-catalyzed free radical reaction and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities in very-low-birth weight (VLBW) infants. Forty premature infants, at gestational ages were less than 33 weeks and birthweights were less than 1,500 g, were enrolled in the study. The study population was randomly divided into 2 groups. Twenty infants in Group 1 (treatment group) were given r-HuEPO, and 20 infants in Group 2 served as the control. r-HuEPO treatment (750 U/kg a week) was initiated on the 10th day of life and continued for 6 weeks. Preterm infants given erythrocyte transfusions during the study were excluded from the results. Serum ferritin and MDA levels, and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were analyzed at the end of the first week of life (at the beginning of the study). Subsequently, serum ferritin, and MDA levels were measured at the end of the 3rd and the 6th week. SOD, CAT, and GPX activities in the hemolysate were analyzed at the end of the 4th week. Six infants in the control group and 1 infant in the r-HuEPO group received transfusions through the end of the study, and these infants were excluded from the results. Significantly decreased serum ferritin concentrations were found in the r-HuEPO group compared to those in the control group both at the end of the 3rd and the 6th week (P &#60; 0.05, and P &#60; 0.01, respectively). In addition, serum MDA levels were also significantly reduced in Group 1 compared to control both at the end of the 3rd and the 6th week (P &#60; 0.01 and P &#60; 0.05, respectively). A good correlation was found between serum MDA and ferritin levels in Group 1. When the 2 groups were compared with respect to activities of SOD, CAT, and GPX at the end of the 4th week, no differences were observed. Our findings in this study show that administration of r-HuEPO significantly decreases lipid peroxidation, but does not affect erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme(s) activities in preterm infants. The mechanism responsible for the r-HuEPO-induced decrease in lipid peroxidation may concern inhibition to iron-catalyzed free radical reactions.&#60;/P&#62;</p

Enver Paşa efsanesi

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 62-Enver Paşa Aile ve Çevres

Investigation of Magnetoelectric Sensor Requirements for Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Localization and Rotational Orientation Detection

Correct position and orientation of a directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode in the patient's brain must be known to fully exploit its benefit in guiding stimulation programming. Magnetoelectric (ME) sensors can play a critical role here. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum required limit of detection (LOD) of a ME sensor that can be used for this application by measuring the magnetic field induced by DBS. For this experiment, a commercial DBS system was integrated into a head phantom and placed inside of a state-of-the-art Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID)-based magnetoencephalography system. Measurements were performed and analyzed with digital signal processing. Investigations have shown that the minimum required detection limit depends on various factors such as: measurement distance to electrode, bandwidth of magnetic sensor, stimulation amplitude, stimulation pulse width, and measurement duration. For a sensor that detects only a single DBS frequency (stimulation frequency or its harmonics), a LOD of at least 0.04 pT/Hz0.5 is required for 3 mA stimulation amplitude and 60 μμs pulse width. This LOD value increases by an order of magnitude to 0.4 pT/Hz0.5 for a 1 kHz, and by approximately two orders to 3 pT/Hz0.5 for a 10 kHz sensor bandwidth. By averaging, the LOD can be reduced by at least another 2 orders of magnitude with a measurement duration of a few minutes

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in an infant: diagnostic role of viral genome analysis.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is related to "defective" measles virus or vaccination, though an association with parainfluenza viruses has been reported. SSPE is characterized by a slow, erratic course and elevated cerebrospinal fluid measles titers. An immunocompetent, vaccinated infant, with onset of symptoms in parainfluenza virus season and a catastrophic course is described. Cerebrospinal fluid titers were negative, but postmortem brain had typical SSPE lesions. Patient brain-derived RNA, subjected to reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction yielded polymerase chain reaction products with measles virus but not parainfluenza virus genes. The sequenced fragment revealed multiple mutations, typical for SSPE. SSPE can thus present in infants, with short latency and no cerebrospinal fluid antibodies. Viral genomic analysis may be diagnostic, permitting early therapy

Derivative chromosome 1 and GLUT1 deficiency syndrome in a sibling pair

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Genomic imbalances constitute a major cause of congenital and developmental abnormalities. GLUT1 deficiency syndrome is caused by various de novo mutations in the facilitated human glucose transporter 1 gene (1p34.2) and patients with this syndrome have been diagnosed with hypoglycorrhachia, mental and developmental delay, microcephaly and seizures. Furthermore, 1q terminal deletions have been submitted in the recent reports and the absence of corpus callosum has been related to the deletion between <it>C1orf100 </it>and <it>C1orf121 </it>in 1q44.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>This study reports on a sibling pair with developmental delay, mental retardation, microcephaly, hypotonia, epilepsy, facial dysmorphism, ataxia and impaired speech. Chromosome analysis revealed a derivative chromosome 1 in both patients. FISH and MCB analysis showed two interstitial deletions at 1p34.2 and 1q44. SNP array and array-CGH analysis also determined the sizes of deletions detailed. The deleted region on 1p34.2 encompasses 33 genes, among which is <it>GLUT1 </it>gene (<it>SLC2A1</it>). However, the deleted region on 1q44 includes 59 genes and distal-proximal breakpoints were located in the ZNF672 gene and SMYD3 gene, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Haploinsufficiency of <it>GLUT1 </it>leads to GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, consistent with the phenotype in patients of this study. Conversely, in the deleted region on 1q44, none of the genes are related to findings in these patients. Additionally, the results confirm previous reports on that corpus callosal development may depend on the critical gene(s) lying in 1q44 proximal to the <it>SMYD3 </it>gene.</p

Evaluation of proven nosocomial sepsis agents in a level ııı neonatal intensive care center: a 2- year analysis

PURPOSE: Despite advances in supportive care and use of antibiotics, sepsis neonatorum preserves its importance due to its high mortality and morbidity. Identifying the causative agents and antibiotic resistance yearly in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) helps the physician to choose the most appropriate empirical therapy. In this study we aimed to evaluate positive blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibilities of newborns with proven sepsis in the years 2000-2001 in our NICU. MATERIALS-METHODS: The charts of hospitalized newborns between 2000-2001 were retrospectively studied. The causative agents and antibiotic susceptibilities in newborns with proven sepsis were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 48 positive results were obtained in 44 newborns among 576 newborns in this time period. Although most of the admitted patients were preterm infants (86.7 %) the frequency of proven sepsis was low (7.6%). Mortality rate of septicemia was 15.9 %. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Coagulase- negative Staphylococci (CNS) (27.1%), Candida spp. (18.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.6%), Enterobacter spp (14.6%). The antibiotic susceptibilities of microorganisms were as follows: For CNS: Teicoplanin and Vancomycin 100%, Gentamicin 54% for S. aureus: Teicoplanin and Vancomycin 100%, Clindamycin 72%, Gentamicin 57%, for Enterobacter spp.: Meropenem and Piperacillin-tazobactam 100%, quinolones 86%. Methicillin resistance was 100% for CNS and 72% for S.aureus. In the year 2001, a significant increase in the frequency of Enterobacter spp. (11-16.6%) and Candida spp. infections (5.5-26.7%) was observed compared to the previous year. CONCLUSION: We concluded that initial empirical antibiotic therapy for nosocomial sepsis withTeicoplanin+Piperacillin-tazobactam/Meropenem plus antifungal therapy (Fluconazole or Amphotericine B) may be the best combination until the culture results arrive

Photoacoustic Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging with Self-Assembled Copper Neodecanoate Nanoparticles

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is emerging as a novel, hybrid, and non-ionizing imaging modality because of its satisfactory spatial resolution and high soft tissue contrast. PAT combines the advantages of both optical and ultrasonic imaging methods. It opens up the possibilities for noninvasive staging of breast cancer and may replace sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in clinic in the near future. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that copper can be used as a contrast metal for near-infrared detection of SLN using PAT. A unique strategy is adopted to encapsulate multiple copies of Cu as organically soluble small molecule complexes within a phospholipid-entrapped nanoparticle. The nanoparticles assumed a size of 80–90 nm, which is the optimum hydrodynamic diameter for its distribution throughout the lymphatic systems. These particles provided at least 6-fold higher signal sensitivity in comparison to blood, which is a natural absorber of light. We also demonstrated that high SLN detection sensitivity with PAT can be achieved in a rodent model. This work clearly demonstrates for the first time the potential use of copper as an optical contrast agent