Political Conditions of Satraps of West of Iran (Poshtkooh) During Qajar Regimen

Iran is an Asian country that majority of historians believed that it is one of the oldest areas. The western part of this area is mountains of Zagros that have appropriate soil and weather and are strategic places. After entering Aries and forming government, the Ilam area was always an important area. During entering of Islam to Iran, this area had not independent government till 6th century and after that the Ilam area was a part of governemt of Atabakan Lorand during Safavieh regimen, king Abbas removed Atabakan and remodfied political divisions of country and appointed Hossein Khan seleh varzi as satrap of Lorestan. So the present research studies the political conditions of satraps of Poshtkooh. The research method in the present study is descriptive and data were collected by librarian method and in some validate references such as Internet, books, conferences and so on. The results of the study indicated that Social customs in traditional society of Poshtkooh were based on familiarity that was among satraps and their families. In this system, identity, right and responsibilities and also social rank of people were determined. Keywords: Straps, Poshtkooh, Pishkooh, Ilam, Loresta

The Effect of Valies on People of West of Iran During Qajar Government

Iran is an Asian country that majority of historians believed that it is one of the oldest areas. The western part of this area is mountains of Zagros that have appropriate soil and weather and are strategic places. After entering Aries and forming government, the Ilam area was always an important area. During entering of Islam to Iran, this area had not independent government till 6th century and after that the Ilam area was a part of governemt of Atabakan Lorand during Safavieh regimen, king Abbas removed Atabakan and remodfied political divisions of country and appointed Hossein Khan seleh varzi as satrap of Lorestan. So the present research studies the political conditions of satraps of Poshtkooh. The research method in the present study is descriptive and data were collected by librarian method and in some validate references such as Internet, books, conferences and so on. The results of the study indicated that Social customs in traditional society of Poshtkooh were based on familiarity that was among satraps and their families. In this system, identity, right and responsibilities and also social rank of people were determined. Keywords: Straps, Poshtkooh, Pishkooh, Ilam, Lorestan .Hassan Khan Vali was one of the servants to Shahverdi Khan, the last ruler of Atabakan of Lorestan.  He died at age 90 in 1255 AH during Fath Ali Shah era.  He was buried in Keshik Khaneh, in Najaf Ashraf.Qajar historiographers and foreign reporters, including travelers and adventurists who had traveled to Poshtkooh during Nasser al-Din Shah Era and later, had explicitly written about Hussein Gholi Khan's bravery, heroism, and authority.  He earned the title of Aboo Ghaddareh for his harsh suppression of rebellious and unruly Seqvand tribes, who had looted Dezfool, and his continued conflict with Bani Lam Arabs, who were Ottoman citizens and crossed borders in aggression. After death of Hussein Gholi Khan, his son Gholam Reza Khan became Vali.  He had received Fath al-Sultan title after his father's suppression of rebellious tribes.  He later took the title of Sarem al-Sultan.  Gholam Reza took his money and jewelry, moved to Iraq, and settled in Bagdad during Reza Shah Pahlavi era. Gholam Reza moiled over returning to Iran in 1308.  He was even granted respite.  However, Gholam Reza Khan changed his mind about returning after Anvar Lorestan chiefs were hanged in Khorram Abad by Major General Agha Khan Khazaiee upon their return to Iran in spite of respite granted by Iranian authorities with a pledge not to be harmed. Keywords: Poshtkooh Valian, Valigari, Hassan Khan, Heidar Khan, Hussein Khan, Aboo Ghadareh, Gholam Reza Kha

The History of Vali in West of Iran

Valian family possessed a pedigree which is subject of debate because of its content and author.  The name of Mohammad Jafar ibn Mohammad Ali Nasabeh appears At the bottom of pedigree.  He was a genealogist of Qajar Era.  The preparation date of this pedigree was written on the bottom as 1245 AH.  It was during Hassan Khan reign who was Vali at the time till 1255 AH.  Hussein Khan had ruled Poshtkooh for 30 years when pedigree was prepared.  Mohammad Jafar Nasabeh noted on the pedigree that the original one was in the verge of destruction when he wrote the new one. The present research titled the history of Vali in west of Iran, investigated social and economic structure of Vali period and also their background and history. The research method in the present study is descriptive and data were collected by librarian method. The data of the present research were extracted from valuabe surces such as books, papers, Internet and so on. The findings of the present research indicated that The government of Lorestan satraps was continuous to early of Qajar government. Fathalishah Qajar after fixing his government in the country, appointed his son Mohammad Ali as satrap of western areas of Iran. During 1908, the son of Gholamreza Khan, Yadollah Khan was confirmed by king. During first regimen of Pahlavi (1907), Aligholi Khan the son of Gholam reza Khan that was satrap of Postkooh, after escaping of his father went to Baghdad and made a riot against Rezah Shah that was removed by Razmara. Keywords: Vali, west area of Iran, Qajar, Pahlav

A New Approach to plagiarism Detection Using Cellular Learning Automatons and Semantic Role Labeling

Plagiarism is removal and to put it in their own name the ideas or words of others. With the Increasing progress of the Internet and the proliferation of online articles, scientific theft has also become easier. Many systems have been developed today to detect plagiarism. Most of these systems are based on lexical structure and string matching algorithms. Therefore, these systems can hardly detect recovery robberies, placement of synonyms. This paper presents a method for identifying plagiarism based on semantic role labeling and cellular learning automata. In this paper, cellular learning automata are used to locate the processed words. Semantic role labeling specifies the role of words in sentence. Comparison operations are performed for all sentences of the original text and suspicious text. Results of the experiments on PAN-PC-11 corpus demonstrate the proposed method improves values of evaluation parameters such as recall, precision and F-measure, comparing to previous approaches in plagiarism detection

Molecular and serological characterization of group A rotavirus isolates obtained from hospitalized children in Jahrom

زمینه و هدف: روتاویروس ها به عنوان یکی از مهمترین عوامل ایجاد کننده گاستروانتریت حاد در کودکان و نوجوانان محسوب می شوند. سازمان بهداشت جهانی در سال 2005 به تمامی کشورهای در حال توسعه شناسایی سروتایپ ها و ژنوتایپ های شایع این ویروس (پایش بیمارستانی) را پیشنهاد نموده است. هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین ژنوتایپ شایع روتاویروس ها با روش RT-PCR در کودکان بستری شده در بیمارستان های شهرستان جهرم به مدت یک سال است. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی، 163 نمونه مدفوع از کودکان زیر 5 سال مبتلا به اسهال شدید بستری شده در دو بیمارستان شهرستان جهرم جمع آوری شد. ابتدا گروه A روتاویروسی با روش آنزیم ایمونواسی (EIA) شناسایی و سپس ژنوتایپ نمونه های مثبت با استفاده از 9 پرایمر اختصاصی با روش RT-PCR تعیین گردید. نتایج با استفاده از آزمون های مربع کای، t-test و آزمون دقیق فیشر مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: از مجموع 163 نمونه جمع آوری شده 75 (2/46) مورد با روش الایزا از نظر وجود روتاویروس مثبت ارزیابی شدند. فراوانی ژنوتایپ های G1، G2، G3، G4، G9 و مخلوط (MIX) به ترتیب: 13 (33/17)، 10 (34/13)، 2 (67/2)، 23 (66/30)، 2 (67/2) و 2 (67/2) بود. بیشترین شیوع مربوط به فصل زمستان با فراوانی 69/22 و کمترین شیوع مربوط به فصل تابستان با فراوانی 29/4 بود (05/0

Evaluation of fluorescent in situ hybridization for rapid diagnosis of enterococcal wound infection

Enterococci are among prominent causes of nosocomial wound infections. Since the rapid detection of causative agents could make earlier administration of choice antibiotics and quick recovery of patients, so the application of rapid diagnostic methods is important. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the detection of Enterococcus in wound swab samples. The time needed for FISH procedure is about 3 h. Specimens taken from 33 hospitalized patients were examined by both FISH and culturing procedures. By using conventional culture, 10 of 33 wound samples were culture-positive. Out of these 10 specimens, eight were FISH-positive, but two specimens were FISH-negative for Enterococcus. The remaining 23 wound specimens were Enterococcus negative according to the both methods. Therefore, the specificity of FISH was 100%; however, this method showed 80% sensitivity. Because of high specificity of FISH, the combined application of FISH and cultivation methods would be suggested for detection of enterococci from wound specimens in situations in which rapid diagnosis has an advantage in the treatment of patients

Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Women of Childbearing Age Throughout Fars Province - Iran: A Population-based Cohort Study

Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) has been described as an important etiological agent of intrauterine infection in women of childbearing age that causes congenital malformation. In the present study we examined 844 serum samples from women of child-bearing age for the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against hCMV by Elisa technique. 764 out of 844 (93%) of the cases were seropositive for hCMV-IgG and 45 (5.4%) cases were seropositive for hCMV-IgM. An increase in the rate of IgG seroprevalance was associated with an increase in age and parity. The IgG seroprevalance rate was inversely proportional to increasing abortions. Intrestingly seasonal variation affected IgG seroprevalance. There was an increasing trend in IgM positivity rate with age in women less than 29 years. hCMV seroprevalence rate was higher in women from rural as compared to those of urban areas. Finally hCMV primary infections occured in 2.4 % of all pregnancis and it is estimated that up to 0.3% of all congenital disorders, through out Fars province, were due to hCMV. We suggest a role of child to mother hCMV transmission and sexual maturity as the most probable epidemiological factors of hCMV seroprevalence among women of child bearing age

Effects of Increased Salinity on Growth, Development and Survival in Early Life Stages of the Green Toad Bufotes Variabilis (Anura: Bufonidae)

This study examined the effects of increased salinity on growth, development and survival of the Green toad, Bufotes variabilis during embryonic, hatching and early larval periods. Eggs from a single cohort of B. variabilis were subjected to acute and chronic toxicity tests for water salinity ranging from 0.20 to 10 g of salt per liter. Results obtained from this study showed that salinity over 3.70 g/l increased embryonic mortality and reduced percentage of hatching and survival rate of larvae. As larvae tolerated salinity 0.20 to 3.70 g/l with highest survival, but salinity of 10 g/l caused mortality of all individuals within 12 h, 7.70–8.70 (g/l) within 4.5 days, 5.70–6.70 g/l within 10 days and 4.70 (g/l) were tolerated within 14 days. Salinity less than 0.70 g/l did not affect survival and hatching success of the embryos. After a 3-week experiment, size of larvae exposed to salinities over 0.70 g/l was lower compared to larvae reared at lower salinity levels. Meanwhile increases in salinity more than 3.70 g/l caused extension in the hatching period. Larvae reared at salinity of 3.70 to 4.70 g/l had morphological abnormalities, such as distortion of tail