Effects of ultrasonically activated irrigants with or without surfactant on smear layer removal after post space preparation

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different NaOCl and EDTA formulations with/without ultrasonic use on smear layer removal and root canal surface characteristics after post space preparation. Study design: After post space preparations, forty-six teeth were subjected to different post space irrigation regimes; G1, 17% EDTA; G2, 17% EDTA+Ultrasonic activation; G3, EDTA-T; G4, EDTA-T+Ultrasonic activation; G5, NaOCl; G6, NaOCl+Ultrasonic activation. Specimens were examined under scanning electron microscope and scored for debris and smear layer removal and dentinal tubule opening and statistically analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's test. Significance value was set at p<0.05. Results: EDTA and EDTA-T groups showed significantly better efficiency than the other groups in the each parts of the samples in terms of smear layer removal (p<0.05). In terms of dentinal tubule opening, EDTA, EDTA+Ultrasonic and EDTA-T groups had significantly better efficacy than the other groups in the middle and coronal parts of the samples (p<0.05). Conclusions: Ultrasonic activation did not significantly improve the efficiency of the irrigants

Efektivitas Implementasi Permainan Aung-carbon-card Pada Materi Pelajaran Senyawa Karbon

Tujuan dalam penelitian adalah mengetahui keefektifan, tingkat kemudahan dan tingkat ketertarikan siswa penggunaan media permainan Aung-Carbon-Card (ACC) dalam pembelajaran struktur senyawa karbon. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksperimen. Sampel yang digunakan yakni siswa kelas X IPA-1dianggap sebagai kelompok konrol (KC), kelas X IPA-2 (E1), kelas X IPA-3 (E2) dan kelas IPA-4 (E3) dijadikan kelompok eksperimen. Sumber data penelitian ini diperoleh dari tes, angket dan observasi. Instrumen yang digunakan sebelumnya dilakukan uji instrumen untuk mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas. Data yangdiperoleh dilakukan uji normalitas data. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan perhitungan uji statistik uji T two sampel independent menggunakan SPSS 17. Hasil penelitian diperoleh: 1). Pembelajaran senyawa hidrokarbon menggunakan media permainan kartu ACC lebih efektif dibuktikan pada hasil tes dengan uji T, nilai Thitung &gt; Ttabel. 2) Kartu ACC menarik perhatian siswa dalam mempelajari pokok bahasan senyawa karbon dibuktikan dengan hasil angket persentase siswa yang menyatakan permainan kartu ACC hal yang menarik. Hasil persentase E1 88%, E2 85% dan E3 74%. Hasil perhitungan terhadap respon siswa masing-masing kelas eksperimen terhadap KC Thitung &gt; Ttabel. 3). Media permainan kartu ACC dapat membantu mempermudah siswa dalam mempelajari pokok bahasan senyawa dengan hasil angket persentase siswa yang menyatakan bahwa lebih mudah memahami materi dengan menggunakan ACC E1= 76%, E2 = 85% dan E3 = 81%. 4). Media permainan kartu ACC sesuai dan tepat jika digunakan dibuktikan dengan observasi dengan nilai Thitung &gt; Ttabel

Magnesium reduces calcification in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner

WOS: 000300421300010PubMed ID: 21750166Vascular calcification (VC), mainly due to elevated phosphate levels, is one major problem in patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. In clinical studies, an inverse relationship between serum magnesium and VC has been reported. However, there is only few information about the influence of magnesium on calcification on a cellular level available. Therefore, we investigated the effect of magnesium on calcification induced by beta-glycerophosphate (BGP) in bovine vascular smooth muscle cells (BVSMCs). BVSMCs were incubated with calcification media for 14 days while simultaneously increasing the magnesium concentration. Calcium deposition, transdifferentiation of cells and apoptosis were measured applying quantification of calcium, von Kossa and Alizarin red staining, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and annexin V staining, respectively. Calcium deposition in the cells dramatically increased with addition of BGP and could be mostly prevented by co-incubation with magnesium. Higher magnesium levels led to inhibition of BGP-induced alkaline phosphatase activity as well as to a decreased expression of genes associated with the process of transdifferentiation of BVSMCs into osteoblast-like cells. Furthermore, estimated calcium entry into the cells decreased with increasing magnesium concentrations in the media. In addition, higher magnesium concentrations prevented cell damage (apoptosis) induced by BGP as well as progression of already established calcification. Higher magnesium levels prevented BVSMC calcification, inhibited expression of osteogenic proteins, apoptosis and further progression of already established calcification. Thus, magnesium is influencing molecular processes associated with VC and may have the potential to play a role for VC also in clinical situations.Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, GermanyThis study was supported by Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Germany

Private Savings in OECD Countries: An Overview (1999-2007)

The studies in recent years display the importance of factors relevant to saving decisions. According to studies, private savings are affected by inflation rate, growth, income, current account balance, real interest rate, dependency rate, private credit and government savings. This paper investigates the determinants of private savings by using Dynamic Panel Data Analysis for 20 OECD countries over the period 1999-2007. The findings indicate that lagged saving rates, credit to private sector, current account balance and inflation rate have a positive impact theeffect on private savings rate, while government saving and dependency rate have a negative effects

CT and MRI appearance of a fistula between the right and left main bronchus caused by tracheobronchial tuberculosis

Tuberculosis of the trachea and main bronchi is a relatively rare disease seen predominantly in elderly patients. We present a case of a fistula between the right and left main bronchus owing to tuberculosis. We describe the CT and MRI appearances

Protective Effect of Morus nigra L. (Mulberry) Fruit Extract on the Liver Fatty Acid Profile of Wistar Rats

Yilmaz, Yilmaz, Okkes, Okkes/0000-0002-8276-4498WOS: 000350843000034Antioxidants are not only produced by the body cells but can also be obtained through food. As is known, fruits and vegetables contain molecules which have antioxidant activities. These molecules protect tissues against stress and diseases. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the protective effect of the methanol extract of Morus nigra L. fruit on the prevention of lipid peroxidation (LPO) by analyzing lipid fraction of liver tissue and fatty acid profiles of Wistar rats by using Gas chromatography. Statistically no significant difference was observed in the hepatic lipid fractions of rats containing M. nigra fruit extract and the control group. However, the level of LPO were found to be very high in the group which contained Fenton reagent compared to the groups that contained M nigra and antioxidant molecules (p < 0.001). Besides that, it was found that saturated and unsaturated fatty acid levels were higher in the groups including resveratrol and fruit extract compared to the group including Fenton reagent (p < 0.001). We believe that the main reason for the decrease in the amount of LPO and the protection of fatty acids is the presence of antioxidant molecules in the fruit.Firat University, FUBAP (Firat University Scientific Research Projects Unit)Firat University [1824]This study was supported by Firat University, FUBAP (Firat University Scientific Research Projects Unit) with the project no. 1824