14,985 research outputs found
Dilemmatic Deliberations In Kierkegaardâs Fear and Trembling
My central claim in this paper is that Kierkegaardâs Fear and Trembling is governed by the basic aim to articulate a real dilemma, and to elicit its proper recognition as such. I begin by indicating how Kierkegaardâs works are shaped in general by this aim, and what the aim involves. I then show how the dilemmaticstructure of Fear and Trembling is obscured in a recent dispute between Michelle Kosch and John Lippitt regarding the basic aims and upshot of the book. Finally, I consider two critical questions: Why does Kierkegaard present his dilemmatic reasoning in the form of a âdialectical lyricâ? And why does he write a book that aims only to articulate a dilemma, and not also to resolve it
A new constrained mKP hierarchy and the generalized Darboux transformation for the mKP equation with self-consistent sources
The mKP equation with self-consistent sources (mKPESCS) is treated in the
framework of the constrained mKP hierarchy. We introduce a new constrained mKP
hierarchy which may be viewed as the stationary hierarchy of the mKP hierarchy
with self-consistent sources. This offers a natural way to obtain the Lax
representation for the mKPESCS. Based on the conjugate Lax pairs, we construct
the generalized Darboux transformation with arbitrary functions in time for
the mKPESCS which, in contrast with the Darboux transformation for the mKP
equation, provides a non-auto-B\"{a}cklund transformation between two mKPESCSs
with different degrees. The formula for -times repeated generalized Darboux
transformation is proposed and enables us to find the rational solutions
(including the lump solutions), soliton solutions and the solutions of breather
type of the mKPESCS.Comment: 23 pages, no figures. to appeare in Physica
The Adaptive Remodeling of Endothelial Glycocalyx in Response to Fluid Shear Stress
The endothelial glycocalyx is vital for mechanotransduction and endothelial barrier integrity. We previously demonstrated the early changes in glycocalyx organization during the initial 30 min of shear exposure. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that long-term shear stress induces further remodeling of the glycocalyx resulting in a robust layer, and explored the responses of membrane rafts and the actin cytoskeleton. After exposure to shear stress for 24 h, the glycocalyx components heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, glypican-1 and syndecan-1, were enhanced on the apical surface, with nearly uniform spatial distributions close to baseline levels that differed greatly from the 30 min distributions. Heparan sulfate and glypican-1 still clustered near the cell boundaries after 24 h of shear, but caveolin-1/caveolae and actin were enhanced and concentrated across the apical aspects of the cell. Our findings also suggest the GM1-labelled membrane rafts were associated with caveolae and glypican-1/heparan sulfate and varied in concert with these components. We conclude that remodeling of the glycocalyx to long-term shear stress is associated with the changes in membrane rafts and the actin cytoskeleton. This study reveals a space- and time- dependent reorganization of the glycocalyx that may underlie alterations in mechanotransduction mechanisms over the time course of shear exposure
Molecular Lines of 13 Galactic Infrared Bubble Regions
We investigated the physical properties of molecular clouds and star
formation processes around infrared bubbles which are essentially expanding HII
regions. We performed observations of 13 galactic infrared bubble fields
containing 18 bubbles. Five molecular lines, 12CO (J=1-0), 13CO (J=1-0),
C18O(J=1-0), HCN (J=1-0), and HCO+ (J=1-0), were observed, and several publicly
available surveys, GLIMPSE, MIPSGAL, ATLASGAL, BGPS, VGPS, MAGPIS, and NVSS,
were used for comparison. We find that these bubbles are generally connected
with molecular clouds, most of which are giant. Several bubble regions display
velocity gradients and broad shifted profiles, which could be due to the
expansion of bubbles. The masses of molecular clouds within bubbles range from
100 to 19,000 solar mass, and their dynamic ages are about 0.3-3.7 Myr, which
takes into account the internal turbulence pressure of surrounding molecular
clouds. Clumps are found in the vicinity of all 18 bubbles, and molecular
clouds near four of these bubbles with larger angular sizes show shell-like
morphologies, indicating that either collect-and-collapse or radiation-driven
implosion processes may have occurred. Due to the contamination of adjacent
molecular clouds, only six bubble regions are appropriate to search for
outflows, and we find that four of them have outflow activities. Three bubbles
display ultra-compact HII regions at their borders, and one of them is probably
responsible for its outflow. In total, only six bubbles show star formation
activities in the vicinity, and we suggest that star formation processes might
have been triggered.Comment: 55 Pages, 32 figures. Accepted for publication in A
Competition rule of the multi-criteria approach: What contractors in China really want?
© 2018 The Author(s). Recent years have witnessed the diversifying means of competitive bidding, where the client plays a critical role in the determination of competition rule. It is widely recognized that the competition rule should be placed on a win-win basis to ensure that both the client and contractors are well considered with respect to their interests. Nevertheless, a vast majority of biddings fail to take account of what contractors really want. Using the methods of literature review and content analysis, 34 tender evaluation factors are proposed to compose the competition rule in China. Contractorsâ opinions on these factors are collected by virtue of questionnaire survey. Based on the Pareto law, it is found that the competition rule encompasses eleven key factors, and the composition varies slightly between public and private sectors. The Hotellingâs T test is conducted on those key factors in common. The implication is that contractors can use indifferent factors (e.g., credit rating, construction plan, completeness of bid components, timely payment to workers) to improve competitiveness, while the client may utilize different factors to diversify the competition rule. This paper probably presents an earliest effort put to examine the acceptability of competition rule in the construction context
Do Insiders Trade on Government Subsidies?
We examine whether and how insiders trade on government subsidies, a major instrument through which the governments intervene in the economy. Using a novel dataset of government subsidies of Chinese listed firms, we find that net insider purchase increases significantly during the month of subsidy receipt. The effect of subsidies on insider trading is weaker in firms with a more transparent information environment and when subsidies are granted in a more predictable manner. In contrast, the effect is more pronounced for politically connected firms. Further analysis shows that the subsidy-trading relation may reflect both insidersâ informational advantage concerning subsidies and their superior ability to detect mispricing-related opportunities. Our findings provide new insights into the capital market consequences of government subsidies through the lens of insider trading
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