178 research outputs found
Ab initio study of the beta$-tin->Imma->sh phase transitions in silicon and germanium
We have investigated the structural sequence of the high-pressure phases of
silicon and germanium. We have focussed on the cd->beta-tin->Imma->sh phase
transitions. We have used the plane-wave pseudopotential approach to the
density-functional theory implemented within the Vienna ab-initio simulation
package (VASP). We have determined the equilibrium properties of each structure
and the values of the critical parameters including a hysteresis effect at the
phase transitions. The order of the phase transitions has been obtained
alternatively from the pressure dependence of the enthalpy and of the internal
structure parameters. The commonly used tangent construction is shown to be
very unreliable. Our calculations identify a first-order phase transition from
the cd to the beta-tin and from the Imma to the sh phase, and they indicate the
possibility of a second-order phase-transition from the beta-tin to the Imma
phase. Finally, we have derived the enthalpy barriers between the phases.Comment: 12 pages, 16 figure
Fragmentation and Multifragmentation of 10.6A GeV Gold Nuclei
We present the results of a study performed on the interactions of 10.6A GeV
gold nuclei in nuclear emulsions. In a minimum bias sample of 1311 interac-
tions, 5260 helium nuclei and 2622 heavy fragments were observed as Au projec-
tile fragments. The experimental data are analyzed with particular emphasis of
target separation interactions in emulsions and study of criticalexponents.
Multiplicity distributions of the fast-moving projectile fragments are inves-
tigated. Charged fragment moments, conditional moments as well as two and three
-body asymmetries of the fast moving projectile particles are determined in
terms of the total charge remaining bound in the multiply charged projectile
fragments. Some differences in the average yields of helium nuclei and heavier
fragments are observed, which may be attributed to a target effect. However,
two and three-body asymmetries and conditional moments indicate that the
breakup mechanism of the projectile seems to be independent of target mass. We
looked for evidence of critical point observable in finite nuclei by study the
resulting charged fragments distributions. We have obtained the values for the
critical exponents gamma, beta and tau and compare our results with those at
lower energy experiment (1.0A GeV data). The values suggest that a phase
transition like behavior, is observed.Comment: latex, revtex, 28 pages, 12 figures, 3tables, submitted to Europysics
Journal
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in Humans:Tale or Myth
Hypoxic Pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) describes the physiological adaptive process of lungs to preserves systemic oxygenation. It has clinical implications in the development of pulmonary hypertension which impacts on outcomes of patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. This review examines both acute and chronic hypoxic vasoconstriction focusing on the distinct clinical implications and highlights the role of calcium and mitochondria in acute versus the role of reactive oxygen species and Rho GTPases in chronic HPV. Furthermore it identifies gaps of knowledge and need for further research in humans to clearly define this phenomenon and the underlying mechanism
ATHENA detector proposal — a totally hermetic electron nucleus apparatus proposed for IP6 at the Electron-Ion Collider
ATHENA has been designed as a general purpose detector capable of delivering the full scientific scope of the Electron-Ion Collider. Careful technology choices provide fine tracking and momentum resolution, high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry, hadron identification over a wide kinematic range, and near-complete hermeticity. This article describes the detector design and its expected performance in the most relevant physics channels. It includes an evaluation of detector technology choices, the technical challenges to realizing the detector and the R&D required to meet those challenges
High pt and photon physics with ALICE at LHC
invited parallel tal
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