Las Cooperativas, las Organizaciones de Productores de Frutas y los Programas Operativos. Normativa y modelo europeo para mejorar sus resultados y eficiencia

En la Unión Europea, dentro de la nueva Política Agrícola Común (PAC) del nuevo periodo 2014-2020, y dentro del ámbito de la Organización Común de los Mercados (OCM), cobra un gran relieve las dinámicas de evolución y las problemáticas que surgen en relación a la producción y comercialización de productos hortofrutícolas. La unificación de los reglamentos de las OCM¿s y la continuidad de los Programas Operativos de las Organizaciones de Productores de Frutas y Hortalizas (OPFH), se debe ahora enfocar hacia la resolución de problemáticas, la mejora continua sectorial y la búsqueda o aproximación hacia la eficiencia, en especial en el mundo asociativo y cooperativo.El objeto de este trabajo es sintetizar en primer lugar el marco normativo de la PAC actual y las herramientas que confieren los Programas Operativos de las OPFH para dicha mejora y afrontamiento de problemas, en segundo lugar efectuar un estudio y análisis de conjunto, del grupo de OPFH de fruta dulce del Estado Español, y finalmente, analizar las herramientas utilizables para el afrontamiento y gestión de las crisis de mercado y problemas diversos en este subsector de la fruta dulce.Los actuales problemas más repetidos y conocidos, campaña a campaña, dentro de este subsector de la fruta dulce en este milenio, y sobre todo en las últimas cuatro campañas, han sido las crisis de mercado generadas por la sobreproducción y sobreoferta, el comportamiento a la baja del consumo, sobre todo en las frutas de hueso (melocotón, nectarina, paraguayo), la saturación del mercado, las dificultades para materializar ciertas medidas paliativas (retiradas de producto, producto distribuido para bancos de alimentos, transformación de producto, etc.) y los modelos de financiación de las citadas medidas, con la repercusión pertinente en los precios de mercado, y finalmente la puesta en escena de medidas medioambientales.------------------------------------------------------------------------In European Union, within the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the new period 2014-2020, and within the scope of the Common Market Organization, are very important the dynamics of evolution and the problems in relation to the production and marketing of Fruit and Vegetables products. The unification of the regulations of the CMOs and the continuity of the Operational Programs of the Organizations of Producers of Fruits and Vegetables (OPFH), must to have now focus towards problem solving, continuous sector improvement and the search or approximation towards efficiency.The purpose of this paper is to synthesize, firstly, the normative framework of the current CAP and the tools conferred by OPFH operational programs for such improvement and coping with problems, and secondly to carry out a study and analysis of the Spanish OPFH group of fresh fruit (apples, pears and peaches), and finally, to analyze the usable tools for the confrontation and management of the market crises and problems in this subsector.The most repeated and known problems, campaign to campaign, within this subsector in this millennium, and especially in the last four campaigns, have been the market crises generated by overproduction and oversupply, consumption behavior (peach, nectarine, paraguayan), saturation of the market, difficulties in materializing certain palliative measures (withdrawals of product, product distributed for food banks, product transformation, etc.) and models to Financing those measures, with the relevant impact on market prices, and finally, the introduction of environmental measures.Artículo revisado por pare

Cross-tolerance to abiotic stresses in halophytes: Application for phytoremediation of organic pollutants

International audienceHalopytes are plants able to tolerate high salt concentrations but no clear definition was retained for them. In literature, there are more studies that showed salt-enhanced tolerance to other abiotic stresses compared to investigations that found enhanced salt tolerance by other abiotic stresses in halophytes. The phenomenon by which a plant resistance to a stress induces resistance to another is referred to as cross-tolerance. In this work, we reviewed cross-tolerance in halophytes at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. A special attention was accorded to the cross-tolerance between salinity and organic pollutants that could allow halophytes a higher potential of xenobiotic phytoremediation in comparison with glycophytes

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Genetic architecture of human plasma lipidome and its link to cardiovascular disease

Understanding genetic architecture of plasma lipidome could provide better insights into lipid metabolism and its link to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Here, we perform genome-wide association analyses of 141 lipid species (n = 2,181 individuals), followed by phenome-wide scans with 25 CVD related phenotypes (n = 511,700 individuals). We identify 35 lipid-species-associated loci (P <5 x10(-8)), 10 of which associate with CVD risk including five new loci-COL5A1, GLTPD2, SPTLC3, MBOAT7 and GALNT16 (false discovery rate<0.05). We identify loci for lipid species that are shown to predict CVD e.g., SPTLC3 for CER(d18:1/24:1). We show that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) may more efficiently hydrolyze medium length triacylglycerides (TAGs) than others. Polyunsaturated lipids have highest heritability and genetic correlations, suggesting considerable genetic regulation at fatty acids levels. We find low genetic correlations between traditional lipids and lipid species. Our results show that lipidomic profiles capture information beyond traditional lipids and identify genetic variants modifying lipid levels and risk of CVD

Contribution to the theoretical and experimental study of the dielectric material Rb

The mixed sulphate acid Rb0.7(NH4)0.3HSO4 presents at room temperature a phase with a structure similar to the one of the parent compounds RbHSO4 and NH4HSO4. Different techniques of the study of phase transitions show that this compound exhibits five phases with varying temperature and in particular the appearance of a new phase (noted IV) in comparison of the phase diagram of parent compounds, this phase takes place in the range of temperature T between 330 and 435 K. The symmetry of the mixed compound at room temperature (phase III) has been performed again by X-ray diffraction on single crystals. The crystallographic characterization of the phase IV is made by X-ray diffraction on powder sample. Crystallographic parameters in this phase are then obtained whereas group theory considerations gives the most probable space group of this phase. In this work, the phase transitions are studied by dielectric measurements. Theoretical study of the behaviour of dielectric susceptibility based on LANDAU theory of phase transitions shows an improper ferroic character of the transition occurring at 330 K with a faintness index f equal to 2

An Optimised Support Vector Machine Model for Elastic Modulus Prediction of Concrete Subject to Alkali Silica Reaction

© 2020, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) can induce the damage and loss in serviceability of concrete structures. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of ASR on the degradation of mechanical properties of the concrete. Their results show that compared with other mechanical properties, the modulus of elasticity is the most affected by ASR, where the reduction is up to roughly 70% compared to its properties without expansion. In this study, to effectively assess the reduction of the modulus of elasticity caused by ASR, a novel predictive model is proposed based on support vector machine (SVM), in which the mix proportion of concrete, exposure environment and corresponding expansion are employed as the inputs and the output is the modulus of elasticity degradation. To improve the generalization capacity of the proposed predictive model, three different optimization algorithms are adopted to select optimal model parameters. Finally, the experimental data from the existing literatures are used to test the performance of the proposed method with satisfactory results

Structural changes in epoxy resin polymer after heating and their influence on space charges

International audienceInfrared spectroscopy was used to characterize changes in physicochemical properties of an epoxy-amine resin as a function of temperature. The thermal degradation of the system was studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of heat on evolution of space charges was investigated by the thermal step method and the thermally stimulated depolarization currents method. It was found that heat induced ring opening of epoxide groups and promoted formation of carbonyl groups. Space charge density was found to increase with increasing temperature while dipolar relaxation decreased. (C) 2003 Society of Chemical Industry