Chemtrails impact on the environment and human brains

Humans have undeniably affected the atmosphere and air quality of our planet. However, because most gasses are invisible to the human eye, it can be hard to physically see some of the changes we've brought about. Smog, exhaust from cars and trucks and smoke from chimneys and fires are a few of the visible signs, but one of the most intriguing visual manifestation of how we've changed the atmosphere are the jet trails left behind by airplanes. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3086

Surface plasmon peak intensity dependence on the oxygen coverage at metal surfaces

The dependence of the surface plasmon peak intensity on a submonolayer coverage of oxygen in the reflection electron energy loss spectra has been investigated for non-monocrystalline aluminium, magnesium, and indium surfaces. It will be shown that the decrease of the surface plasmon peaks can be related to a modification of the surface plasmons dispersion relation. A simple model for this modification introduced by changes of the surface electron density profile is proposed. Parameters of this model will be determined from experimental data

Hidden electronic rule in the "cluster-plus-glue-Atom" model

Electrons and their interactions are intrinsic factors to affect the structure and properties of materials. Based on the “cluster-cluster-plus-glue-atom” model, an electron counting rule for complex metallic alloys (CMAs) has been revealed in this work (i. e. the CPGAMEC rule). Our results on the cluster structure and electron concentration of CMAs with apparent cluster features, indicate that the valence electrons’ number per unit cluster formula for these CMAs are specific constants of eight-multiples and twelve-multiples. It is thus termed as specific electrons cluster formula. This CPGAMEC rule has been demonstrated as a useful guidance to direct the design of CMAs with desired properties, while its practical applications and underlying mechanism have been illustrated on the basis of CMAs’ cluster structural features. Our investigation provides an aggregate picture with intriguing electronic rule and atomic structural features of CMAs

On fiber dispersion models: exclusion of compressed fibers and spurious model comparisons

Fiber dispersion in collagenous soft tissues has an important influence on the mechanical response, and the modeling of the collagen fiber architecture and its mechanics has developed significantly over the last few years. The purpose of this paper is twofold, first to develop a method for excluding compressed fibers within a dispersion for the generalized structure tensor (GST) model, which several times in the literature has been claimed not to be possible, and second to draw attention to several erroneous and misleading statements in the literature concerning the relative values of the GST and the angular integration (AI) models. For the GST model we develop a rather simple method involving a deformation dependent dispersion parameter that allows the mechanical influence of compressed fibers within a dispersion to be excluded. The theory is illustrated by application to simple extension and simple shear in order to highlight the effect of exclusion. By means of two examples we also show that the GST and the AI models have equivalent predictive power, contrary to some claims in the literature. We conclude that from the theoretical point of view neither of these two models is superior to the other. However, as is well known and as we now emphasize, the GST model has proved to be very successful in modeling the data from experiments on a wide range of tissues, and it is easier to analyze and simpler to implement than the AI approach, and the related computational effort is much lower

Trade Relations Between Ukraine and the United States of America: Dynamics, Current State, Regional Differentiation

Розглянуто динаміку зовнішньої торгівлі товарами та послугами між Україною та Сполученими Штатами Америки у 2004–2011 рр. Проаналізовано товарну структуру зовнішньої торгівлі товарами та послугами. Встановлено просторові особливості регіональної диференціації експортно-імпортних операцій товарами у торгівлі регіонів України з США. Виявлено головні проблеми розвитку двосторонніх зовнішньоторговельних відносин.Dynamics of trade in goods and services between Ukraine and the USA in 2004–2011 period is considered. Commodity structure of the external trade in goods and services in analyzed. Special peculiarities of regional differentiation of export-import operations in goods in Ukraine – USA trade are revealed. Basic problems of mutual bilateral trade relations are determined

Роль Комісії міжнародного права ООН в кодифікації міжнародного права

Мельник Ю. О. Роль Комісії міжнародного права ООН в кодифікації міжнародного права / Ю. О. Мельник // Міжнародні читання з міжнародного права пам’яті професора П.Є. Казанського : матер. третьої міжнар. наук. конф. (м. Одеса, 2–3 листопада 2012 р.) / відп. за випуск М. І. Пашковський ; НУ «ОЮА». – Одеса : Фенікс, 2012. – С. 91-93.В роботі автор робить висновок, що Комісія міжнародного права ООН відіграє доволі важливу роль в кодифікації міжнародного права, оскільки завдяки її діяльності здійснюється прогресивний розвиток міжнародного права. У цілому діяльність Комісії міжнародного права оцінюється вельми позитивно, завдяки проведеній нею висококваліфікованій роботі

“Crust development inferred from numerical models of lava flow and its surface thermal measurements„

Propagation of a lava flow is governed by slope topography, magma rheology, heat exchange with the atmosphere and the underlying ter− rain, and the rate of the eruption. Highly viscous crust is formed due to cooling and solidification of the uppermost layer of the flow. We consider here two numerical model problems for lava flows, both based on the fundamental physics of a hot fluid flow: a model problem, where thermal conditions (e.g. temperature and heat flow) at the lava surface are unknown a priori (a direct model problem), and a model problem, where the lava surface conditions are known and determined from observations (an inverse model problem). In both models, the lava viscosity depends on temperature and the volume fraction of crystals. By way of solving the direct model problem, we perform a para− metric study of steady state lava flows to investigate the influence of the heat flux, viscosity, and effusion rate on the lava crust devel− opment. Numerical experiments show that a lava crust becomes thicker in the case of the nonlinear heat transfer compared to the case of a linear heat flow at the interface of lava with the atmosphere. Also, the crust thickens at lower lava effusion rates, while higher rates re− sult in a rapid lava advection, slower cooling, and development of a thinner crust. Moreover, a lava crust becomes thicker with a higher coefficient of conductive heat transfer, or a higher lava viscosity, or the growth of effective emissivity of the lava surface. By way of solv− ing the inverse model problem, we use an assimilation technique (that is, a method for an optimal combination of a numerical model of lava flows with observations) to propagate the temperature and heat flow, inferred from measurements at the interface between lava and the atmosphere, into the lava flow interior and to analyse the evolving lava crust. Results of thermal data assimilation illustrate that the physical parameters of lava flows, including the thickness of it crust, can be recovered from measured surface thermal data well enough at least for slow effusion rates. © 2019 the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. All rights reserved

Galactic Structure Toward the Carina Tangent

This investigation presents a photometric study of the Galactic structure toward the Carina arm tangent. The field is located between 280 deg and 286 deg galactic longitude and -4 deg to 4 deg galactic latitude. All currently available uvbybeta data is used to obtain homogeneous color excesses and distances for more than 260 stars of spectral types O to G. We present revised distances and average extinction for the open clusters and cluster candidates NGC 3293, NGC 3114, Loden 46 and Loden 112. The cluster candidate Loden 112 appears to be a very compact group at a true distance modulus of 11.06 +\- 0.11 (s.e.) (1629 +84,-80 pc), significantly closer than previous estimates. We found other OB stars at that same distance and, based on their proper motions, suggest a new OB association at coordinates 282 deg < l < 285 deg, -2 deg < b < 2 deg. Utilizing BV photometry and spectral classification of the known O-type stars in the very young open cluster Wd 2 we provide a new distance estimate of 14.13 +\-0.16 (s.e.) (6698 +512,-475 pc), in excellent agreement with recent distance determinations to the giant molecular structures in this direction. We also discuss a possible connection between the HII region RCW 45 and the highly-reddened B+ star CPD -55 3036 and provide a revised distance for the luminous blue variable HR Car.Comment: accepted to PAS

Operating wear of pipelines of the second circulation loop of WWER-1000 power units

Досліджено характер експлуатаційних ушкоджень трубопроводів теплообмінного устаткування другого контуру енергоблока ВВЕР-1000. Встановлено, що у ряді випадків труби зі сталі 20 (Ø32×4 мм) схильні до інтенсивного ерозійно-корозійного зношування, причиною чого можуть бути турбулентні потоки теплоносія, що виникають на згинах трубопроводів і виступах зварних з’єднань. Розглянуто також ушкодження трубопроводу зі сталі 20 (Ø325×13 мм). У трубопроводі зі сталі 08Х18Н10Т (Ø25×2 мм) ушкодження мають вигляд наскрізних зімкнених тріщин невеликої протяжності. Ушкодження носять локальний характер і за усіма ознаками зумовлені корозійним розтріскуванням під напруженням.Corrosion damage in the pipe system of the second circulation loop is one of the problems of long-term operation of NPP with WWER-1000 power units. Subject of the research were flat spiral pipe elements (SFPE) made of steel 20, 32×4 mm, used in high-pressure heater; pipe-line 325×13 was made of steel 20 and pipe elements of heat exchangers 25×2 mm were made of corrosion-resistant steel of austenitic class 08Cr18Ni10Ti. The performed investigations have testified that SFPE pipes (32×4mm) in the medium of the second circulation loop are subjected to the intense erosive-corrosive wear. The reason of this phenomenon is the turbulent flows of heat-transfer agent caused by the wrong groove weld connecting SFPE and tailpress. Formation of through crack was revealed on the pipeline 325×13 mm made of steel 20 without substantial erosion of the metal. Cracking has occurred on the area of tap for 90o in front of controller. Impact tests of longitudinal and transverse specimens testified the presence of anisotropy of mechanical properties of the metal. Metallographic examination revealed the presence of fibrous structure. Os the whole mechanical and metallographic properties of steel meet the specification. The reason of the crack formation was likely to be the combination of factors: overspecified operation loads and presence of corrosive component. Erosion wear of the metal was not revealed in the pipeline 25×2 mm produced of steel 08Cr18Ni10Ti. In this case the operating damages are like through closed cracks of small extent. Damages are local and are caused by the corrosion cracking under stress