Extreme wave events in the southeastern Iberia coast: Blocks and megablocks as an indicator of tsunamis or extreme storms

Whilst the SW coast of the Iberian Peninsula has a significant record of extreme wave events (EWE), mostly associated with tsunamis, the Mediterranean coast offers a smaller record of these events, although some historical tsunamis with limited impact have been cited on the coast. In general, these studies have been based on the geological record of detrital sequences of sands and silts. In this case, we have focused on the study of coastal deposits of blocks and megablocks in Cope, Murcia (SE of Iberian Peninsula). Here, blocks greater than 1 m and located up to 4 masl were generated by an EWE associated to either a tsunamis or great storm. An unmanned aerial vehicle (drone) has been utilized to perform aerial photogrammetry, which complemented terrestrial photogrammetry of higher resolution.This has been processed to develop a 3D model of the terrain and obtain the dimensional and spatial parameters of these blocks. Different models have been used to calculate potential tsunami wave heights and scale of storms capable of generating such deposits (Nott, 2003; Engel and May, 2012). The results confirm the process of generating force required to generate the block ridges at this site

Carta pastoral que el Illmo. Sr. D. Joseph Molina Lario y Navarro, obispo de Malaga, dirige a las religiosas de su filiacion

Sign.: A-H4, I

Nos Don Joseph Molina Lario y Navarro ... Obispo de Albarracín ... a nuestras mui amadas en Christo las RR. MM. Capuchinas de nuestra Señora de los Dolores de la Villa de Xea ... Hacemos saber ... se nos ha comunicado una carta con fecha de veinte y tres de octubre de este presente año ..

Tít. tomado del textoTexto fechado en "Albarracín a 14 dias del mes de noviembre de 1767"Sign.: A6Inic. grab

A nuestros muy amados rectores, curas, regentes, y demàs eclesiasticos de nuestra Diocesi [sic] ... Por carta de 3 de abril de nos ha comunicado la pragmatica sancion de S. M. ... sobre el estrañamiento de los regulares de la Compañia ..

Tít. tomado del textoTexto fechado en Albarracín a 14 de abril de 1767Sign.: A4Inic. grab

High resolution spectroscopy of the high velocity hot post-AGB star LS III +52 24 (IRAS 22023+5249)

The first high-resolution (R~50,000) optical spectrum of the B-type star, LS III +52 24, identified as the optical counterpart of the hot post-AGB candidate IRAS 22023+5249 (I22023) is presented. We report the detailed identifications of the observed absorption and emission features in the full wavelength range (4290-9015 A) as well as the atmospheric parameters and photospheric abundances (under the Local Thermodinamic Equilibrium approximation) for the first time. The nebular parameters (Te, Ne) are also derived. We estimate Teff=24,000 K, log g=3.0, xi=7 kms-1 and the derived abundances indicate a slightly metal-deficient evolved star with C/O<1. The observed P-Cygni profiles of hydrogen and helium clearly indicate on-going post-AGB mass loss. The presence of [N II] and [S II] lines and the non-detection of [O III] indicate that photoionisation has just started. The observed spectral features, large heliocentric radial velocity, atmospheric parameters, and chemical composition indicate that I22023 is an evolved post-AGB star belonging to the old disk population. The derived nebular parameters (Te=7000 K, Ne=1.2x104 cm-3) also suggest that I22023 may be evolving into a compact, young low-excitation Planetary Nebula. Our optical spectroscopic analysis together with the recent Spitzer detection of double-dust chemistry (the simultaneous presence of carbonaceous molecules and amorphous silicates) in I22023 and other B-type post-AGB candidates may point to a binary system with a dusty disk as the stellar origin common to the hot post-AGB stars with O-rich central stars.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (22 pages, 4 figures, and 8 tables). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0707.059

A nuestros muy amados Rectores, Curas, Regentes, y demàs Eclesiasticos de nuestra Diocesi [sic] ... Por Carta de 3 de Abril se nos ha comunicado la Pragmatica Sancion de S.M. ... sobre el estrañamiento de los Regulares de la Compañia de todos los Reynos de España ...

Título tomado del inicio del textoEl autor consta en fin de textoTexto fechado en Albarracín, 14 de Abril de 1767Sign.: A4Apostillas marginale

Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Observations of Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae: the nature of dust in low metallicity circumstellar ejecta

We present 5 - 40 micron spectroscopy of 41 planetary nebulae (PNe) in the Magellanic Clouds, observed with the Infrared Spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The spectra show the presence of a combination of nebular emission lines and solid-state features from dust, superimposed on the thermal IR continuum. By analyzing the 25 LMC and 16 SMC PNe in our sample we found that the IR spectra of 14 LMC and 4 SMC PNe are dominated by nebular emission lines, while the other spectra show solid-state features. We observed that the solid-state features are compatible with carbon-rich dust grains (SiC, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), etc.) in most cases, except in three PNe showing oxygen-rich dust features. The frequency of carbonaceous dust features is generally higher in LMC than in SMC PNe. The spectral analysis allowed the correlations of the dust characteristics with the gas composition and morphology, and the properties of the central stars. We found that: 1) all PNe with carbonaceous dust features have C/O>1, none of these being bipolar or otherwise highly asymmetric; 2) all PNe with oxygen-rich dust features have C/O<1, with probable high mass progenitors if derived from single-star evolution (these PNe are either bipolar or highly asymmetric); 3) the dust temperature tracks the nebular and stellar evolution; and 4) the dust production efficiency depends on metallicity, with low metallicity environments not favoring dust production.Comment: The Astrophysical Journal, in pres

Spitzer/IRS spectroscopy of high mass precursors to planetary nebulae

We present Spitzer/IRS observations of a small sample of heavily obscured IRAS sources displaying both the infrared and OH maser emission characteristic of OH/IR stars on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), but also radio continuum emission typical of ionized planetary nebulae (PNe), the so-called OHPNe. Our observations show that their mid-infrared spectra are dominated by the simultaneous presence of strong and broad amorphous silicate absorption features together with crystalline silicate features, originated in their O-rich circumstellar shells. Out of the five sources observed, three of them are clearly non-variable at infrared wavelengths, confirming their post-AGB status, while the remaining two still show strong photometric fluctuations, and may still have not yet departed from the AGB. One of the non-variable sources in the sample, IRAS 17393-2727, displays a strong [Ne II] nebular emission at 12.8 microns, indicating that the ionization of its central region has already started. This suggests a rapid evolution from the AGB to the PN stage. We propose that these heavily obscured OHPNe represent the population of high mass precursors to PNe in our Galaxy.Comment: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (scheduled in the 2007 September 1 issue

Drift-induced deceleration of Solar Energetic Particles

We investigate the deceleration of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) during their propagation from the Sun through interplanetary space, in the presence of weak to strong scattering in a Parker spiral configuration, using relativistic full orbit test particle simulations. The calculations retain all three spatial variables describing particles’ trajectories, allowing to model any transport across the magnetic field. Large energy change is shown to occur for protons, due to the combined effect of standard adiabatic deceleration and a significant contribution from particle drift in the direction opposite to that of the solar wind electric field. The latter drift-induced deceleration is found to have a stronger effect for SEP energies than for galactic cosmic rays. The kinetic energy of protons injected at 1 MeV is found to be reduced by between 35 and 90% after four days, and for protons injected at 100 MeV by between 20 and 55%. The overall degree of deceleration is a weak function of the scattering mean free path, showing that, although adiabatic deceleration plays a role, a large contribution is due to particle drift. Current SEP transport models are found to account for drift-induced deceleration in an approximate way and their accuracy will need to be assessed in future work