PENGARUH GENDER DEWAN KOMISARIS, GENDER DEWAN DIREKSI, DAN KEPEMILIKAN MANAJERIAL TERHADAP KINERJA PERUSAHAA

The objective of this study is to examine the influence of corporate governance mechanisms, which are board of director’s gender, director’s gender, and managerial ownership on firm’s performance. This study also examines firm’s size, leverage, and firm’s age, as control variables, on firm’s performance. This study uses 111 listed companies’ annual reports on Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) year 2008. Sample in this study is selected using purposive sampling method. While multiple regression analysis is used to test the three hypotheses developed in this research. The result of this study shows that (1) board of director’s gender has negative influence on firm’s performance, (2) director’s gender does not influence the firm’s performance, and (3) managerial ownership also does not influence the firm’s performance. Keywords: board of director’s gender, director’s gender, managerial ownership, firm’s performance, Tobin’s

Testing systems of identical components

We consider the problem of testing sequentially the components of a multi-component reliability system in order to figure out the state of the system via costly tests. In particular, systems with identical components are considered. The notion of lexicographically large binary decision trees is introduced and a heuristic algorithm based on that notion is proposed. The performance of the heuristic algorithm is demonstrated by computational results, for various classes of functions. In particular, in all 200 random cases where the underlying function is a threshold function, the proposed heuristic produces optimal solutions

Solution to the Mean King's problem with mutually unbiased bases for arbitrary levels

The Mean King's problem with mutually unbiased bases is reconsidered for arbitrary d-level systems. Hayashi, Horibe and Hashimoto [Phys. Rev. A 71, 052331 (2005)] related the problem to the existence of a maximal set of d-1 mutually orthogonal Latin squares, in their restricted setting that allows only measurements of projection-valued measures. However, we then cannot find a solution to the problem when e.g., d=6 or d=10. In contrast to their result, we show that the King's problem always has a solution for arbitrary levels if we also allow positive operator-valued measures. In constructing the solution, we use orthogonal arrays in combinatorial design theory.Comment: REVTeX4, 4 page

Mie Sehat Meniran Sebagai Upaya Mempercepat Pengobatan Penyakit Tuberkulosis

Meniran dengan nama botani (Phyllanthus niruri L) merupakan tanaman obat yang banyak ditemukan sebagai tanaman liar di pekarangan halaman rumah, sawah, ladang, hutan maupun pinggiran jalan. Tanaman meniran yang tumbuh disepanjang musim ini sangat mudah dikenali, daunnya mirip pohon asam, tinggi 30-50 cm, daun dan tangkai berwarna hijau serta banyak buah di sepanjang tangkai dibawah daun. Pemanfaatan meniran untuk pengobatan begitu luas, terutama untuk penyakit infeksi yang kronis dan infeksi viral. Baru-baru ini, tanaman tradisional meniran (Phyllanthus nirusi L) ternyata dapat digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit tuberkulosis (Tb), bahkan bisa dikembangkan menjadi pengobatan terkini dalam pemberantasan Tb. Khasiat meniran sebagai tanaman untuk mengobati tuberkulosis tersebut sudah teruji melewati studi yang dilakukan oleh dr. Zulkifli Amin, seorang pakar imunologi TBC dari Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Dalam studinya dr. Zulkifli Amin menunjukkan bahwa meniran sangat efektif untuk mengurangi jumlah bakteri tahan asam (BTA, salah satu indikator TBC). Dalam pengolahannya selama ini tanaman meniran hanya dibuat dalam bentuk bentuk minuman berupa seduhan dan kapsul yang berisi ekstrak meniran. Karya tulis ini bertujuan untuk mengkreasikan tanaman meniran yang bukan hanya dapat dijadikan obat dalam bentuk seduhan ataupun kapsul, tetapi juga dapat diolah dalam bentuk makanan berupa mie sehat. Dengan demikian inovasi dalam pengolahan tanaman meniran diharapkan dapat menjadi suatu alternatif untuk menekan angka penderita tuberkulosis dengan cepat di tengah-tengah masyarakat Indonesi

A unified approach to combinatorial key predistribution schemes for sensor networks

There have been numerous recent proposals for key predistribution schemes for wireless sensor networks based on various types of combinatorial structures such as designs and codes. Many of these schemes have very similar properties and are analysed in a similar manner. We seek to provide a unified framework to study these kinds of schemes. To do so, we define a new, general class of designs, termed “partially balanced t-designs”, that is sufficiently general that it encompasses almost all of the designs that have been proposed for combinatorial key predistribution schemes. However, this new class of designs still has sufficient structure that we are able to derive general formulas for the metrics of the resulting key predistribution schemes. These metrics can be evaluated for a particular scheme simply by substituting appropriate parameters of the underlying combinatorial structure into our general formulas. We also compare various classes of schemes based on different designs, and point out that some existing proposed schemes are in fact identical, even though their descriptions may seem different. We believe that our general framework should facilitate the analysis of proposals for combinatorial key predistribution schemes and their comparison with existing schemes, and also allow researchers to easily evaluate which scheme or schemes present the best combination of performance metrics for a given application scenario

Understanding constraint expressions in large conceptual schemas by automatic filtering

Human understanding of constraint expressions (also called schema rules) in large conceptual schemas is very di cult. This is due to the fact that the elements (entity types, attributes, relationship types) involved in an expression are de ned in di fferent places in the schema, which may be very distant from each other and embedded in an intricate web of irrelevant elements. The problem is insignifi cant when the conceptual schema is small, but very signi cant when it is large. In this paper we describe a novel method that, given a set of constraint expressions and a large conceptual schema, automatically filters the conceptual schema, obtaining a smaller one that contains the elements of interest for the understanding of the expressions. We also show the application of the method to the important case of understanding the specication of event types, whose constraint expressions consists of a set of pre and postconditions. We have evaluated the method by means of its application to a set of large conceptual schemas. The results show that the method is eff ective and e cient. We deal with conceptual schemas in UML/OCL, but the method can be adapted to other languages.Peer ReviewedPreprin

Effect of chitosan–beeswax edible coatings on the shelf-life of Sapodilla (Achras zapota) fruit

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chitosan and beeswax as edible coatings on the shelf-life of sapodilla (Achras zapota). The coating formulations used were chitosan only (C), chitosan with 10% beeswax (C + 10B) and chitosan with 20% beeswax (C + 20B). Sapodilla without any coating (WC) was used as a control. The coating formulations, C + 10B and C + 20B had shown to be the best in reducing the senescence of sapodilla as they slowed down the weight loss and breakdown of soluble solids in the fruit, while retaining the firmness and skin colour. Microbial populations of C + 10B and C + 20B were also below permissible microbial food limit (5 log CFU g−1) over the period of 17 days if compared to WC and C, which exceeded the limit. However, C + 10B started to shrivel towards the end of storage. In conclusion, C + 20B showed the best edible coating formulation in extending the shelf-life of sapodilla

Enteric Neurospheres Are Not Specific to Neural Crest Cultures: Implications for Neural Stem Cell Therapies

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited

An environmentally benign antimicrobial nanoparticle based on a silver-infused lignin core

Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial properties, but their use has been a cause for concern because they persist in the environment. Here, we show that lignin nanoparticles infused with silver ions and coated with a cationic polyelectrolyte layer form a biodegradable and green alternative to silver nanoparticles. The polyelectrolyte layer promotes the adhesion of the particles to bacterial cell membranes and, together with silver ions, can kill a broad spectrum of bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and quaternary-amine-resistant Ralstonia sp. Ion depletion studies have shown that the bioactivity of these nanoparticles is time-limited because of the desorption of silver ions. High-throughput bioactivity screening did not reveal increased toxicity of the particles when compared to an equivalent mass of metallic silver nanoparticles or silver nitrate solution. Our results demonstrate that the application of green chemistry principles may allow the synthesis of nanoparticles with biodegradable cores that have higher antimicrobial activity and smaller environmental impact than metallic silver nanoparticles