The Views of Educational Supervisors on Clinical Supervision

Contemporary educational supervision expresses democratic and leadership focused supervisory approach which consists of collaboration, trust, sharing and improving. The aims of the study are to investigate the answer of how current teacher supervision in Turkey is conducted according to the views of educational supervisors, and to unearth what the general attitudes and evaluations of educational supervisors regarding clinical supervision. A phenemological research design was used in the study. The study group consists of 53 educational supervisors working in the province of Antalya. A structured form consists of both open and close ended questions was delivered to the supervisors participated in the study. Data was gathered oral and written via interviews. A conference lasting six hours on clinical supervision’s aim, processes, techniques, observation and data collecting tools was held for the supervisors within the study. According to the results of the study, current supervision may be categorized under four stages; the stage before reaching the school setting, pre-observation, observation, and post-observation. That the views of educational supervisors are positive regarding the applicability of clinical supervision. The participants, mostly, stressed that the supervisory duties must be divided from the duties of investigation, and that the supervisors must be trained on clinical supervision. Keywords: clinical supervision, educational supervisors, evaluation, school

Insights into user behavior in dealing with common Internet attacks

Ankara : The Department of Computer Engineering and the Graduate School of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 2011.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2011.Includes bibliographical references leaves 45-50.The Internet’s immense popularity has made it an attractive medium for attackers. Today, criminals often make illegal profits by targeting Internet users. Most common Internet attacks require some form of user interaction such as clicking on an exploit link, or dismissing a security warning dialogue. Hence, the security problem at hand is not only a technical one, but it also has a strong human aspect. Although the security community has proposed many technical solutions to mitigate common Internet attacks, the behavior of users when they face these attacks remains a largely unexplored area. In this work, we describe an online experiment platform we built for testing the behavior of users when they are confronted with common, concrete attack scenarios such as reflected cross-site scripting, session fixation, scareware and file sharing scams. We conducted experiments with more than 160 Internet users with diverse backgrounds. Our findings show that non-technical users can exhibit comparable performance to knowledgeable users at averting relatively simple and well-known threats (e.g., email scams). While doing so, they do not consciously perceive the risk, but solely depend on their intuition and past experience (i.e., there is a training effect). However, in more sophisticated attacks, these nontechnical users often rely on misleading cues such as the “size” and “length” of artifacts (e.g., URLs), and fail to protect themselves. Our findings also show that trick banners that are common in file sharing websites and shortened URLs have high success rates of deceiving non-technical users, thus posing a severe security risk.Yılmaz, Utku OzanM.S

Şeyh Ahmed Dede Ocağı’nın Yeniden Zuhuru: Teslim Abdal Ocağı (Yazılı Kaynaklar)

Obwohl es verschiedene Studien über das Leben, die Kunst und die Poesie von Teslim Abdal gab, der eine wichtige Position in der türkischen Literatur und der Alevitisch-Bektaschitischen Tradition innehat, gab es keine umfassende Forschung über den gleichnamigen Ocak Teslim Abdal. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Teslim Abdal, der aus den schriftlichen Dokumenten als Nachkommen von Scheich Ahmed Tavil zu verstehen ist und die Verterter/Nachkommen-zentrierte Ocak- Struktur erlebte, das Ocak-System erneuerte. Obwohl er ein Nachkomme des Ocaks Scheich Ahmed Dede ist, erschuf er im Zuge seiner Erneuerungen einen neuen Ocak mit seinem Namen. Die Aufrechterhaltung des Teslim Abdal Ocaks sowohl durch Vertreter bzw. Dede des Teslim Abdal Ocaks als auch durch die jeweiligen Gläubigen (talip) hält bis heute an und der Einfluss und die Wirkmacht des Ocaks auf die Gemeinschaft der Gläubigen besteht nach wie vor. Dieser Artikel ist angelehnt an unsere Feldforschungen, die wir mit Angehörigen d.h. mit Geistlichen (Dede) und Gläubigen (talip) des Teslim Abdal Ocaks im Dorf Scheich Hasan (mit heutigem Namen Tabanbükü), das mit der Provinz Elazığ Baskil verbunden ist, geführt haben und beinhaltet unsere Ergebnisse, Analysen und Auswertungen der Histroie der Umstrukturierung des Teslim Abdal Ocaks. Im Rahmen unserer Feldforschung erhielten wir von Dede-Familien, die dem Teslim Abdal Ocak angehören, Zugang zu ihren privaten Archiven, wo wir folgende Quellen (drei “şecerenâmem”, ein “icâzetnâme”, einer Quelle in Form eines “berat”) mit den jeweiligen Datierungen vorgefunden haben: h.1 1206/1207 (1791-1792 n. Chr.), h. 20 Rebîülâhir 1207 (5. Dezember 1792 n. Chr.), h. 24 Cemâziyelâhir 1232 (11. Mai 1817 n. Chr.), h. 20 Rebîülevvel 1258 (1. Mai 1842 n. Chr.) und h. Rebîülâhir 1302 (Januar/ Februar 1885 n. Chr.). Auf Grundlage und im Lichte dieser Quellen versuchten wir die Geschichte und Struktur des Teslim Abdal Ocaks zu untresuchen.Although there are many studies concerning the life, art and poems of Teslim Abdal, who has an important place within Turkish literature and Alevi-Bektashi tradition, there is no comprehensive study of the ocak that carries his name. It appears that Teslim Abdal, who according to written documents descended from Sheikh Ahmed Tavil, restored around himself the veli cult-centered ocak organization and, by means of this, enabled a new ocak organization to develop with his name considering his ties with Sheikh Ahmed Tavil and his ocak. The ocak of Teslim Abdal which pursuance is kept alive by dede and talip (follower lineages) communities, members of the ocak, still maintains his influence on the talip communities. This paper, which is a result of our fieldworks carried out among dede and talip communities, members of the Teslim Abdal ocak located in the village of Şih/ Şeyh Hasan (Tabanbuku) in the region of Baskil, in Elazig, includes our findings, evaluations and analyses about historical structuring of the Teslim Abdal ocak. In this context, we tried to clarify this historical structuring of the ocak in the light of three shajaras, one ijaza and a berat type document, dated Hijri 1206/1207 (CE 1791/1792), H. 20 Rabi al-thani 1207 (CE 5 December 1792), H. 24 Jumada al-thani 1232 (CE 11 May 1817), H. 20 Rabi al-awwal 1258 (CE 1 May 1842), and H. Rabi al-thani 1302 (CE January/February 1885).Türk Edebiyatı ve Alevi-Bektaşi geleneği içerisinde önemli bir konuma sahip olan Teslim Abdal’ın hayatı, sanatı ve şiirlerine ilişkin bugüne kadar çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmasına rağmen, onun adını taşıyan Teslim Abdal Ocağı hakkında kapsamlı bir araştırma yapılmamıştır. Yazılı belgelerden Şeyh Ahmed Tavil soyundan olduğu anlaşılan Teslim Abdal’ın, veli kültü merkezli ocak yapılanmasını yaşadığı dönemde kendi etrafında güncellediği, bu vesileyle Şeyh Ahmed Dede Ocağı’ndan ve soyundan olmasına rağmen kendi adıyla yeni bir ocak yapılanmasının ortaya çıkmasını sağladığı anlaşılmaktadır. Ocak mensubu dede ve talip toplulukları tarafından süreği günümüze kadar devam ettirilen Teslim Abdal Ocağı, halen talip toplulukları üzerinde yetkinliğini korumaktadır. Elazığ’ın Baskil ilçesine bağlı Şıh/Şeyh Hasan (bugünkü adıyla Tabanbükü) köyünde yerleşik bulunan Teslim Abdal Ocağı’na mensup dede ve talip toplulukları arasında gerçekleştirdiğimiz saha çalışmalarımızın bir ürünü olan bu makalede, Teslim Abdal Ocağı’nın tarihî yapılanmasına yönelik tespit, değerlendirme ve incelemelerimize yer verilmiştir. Bu çerçevede, saha çalışmalarımız sırasında Teslim Abdal Ocağı’na mensup dede ailelerinin şahsî arşivlerinden elde ettiğimiz h. 1206/1207 (m. 1791- 1792), h. 20 Rebîülâhir 1207 (5 Aralık 1792), h. 24 Cemâziyelâhir 1232 (m. 11 Mayıs 1817), h. 20 Rebîülevvel 1258 (m. 1 Mayıs 1842) ve h. Rebîülâhir 1302 (m. Ocak/Şubat 1885) tarihli üç adet şecerenâme ve iki adet icâzetnâme türündeki belge ışığında Teslim Abdal Ocağı’nın tarihî yapılanması aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır

The effect of games and physical activities class on the development of motoric features of elementary school students

Bu çalışmanın amacı, temel hareket becerileri eğitimi programlarının, ilkokul öğrencilerinin motorik özelliklerinin gelişimi üzerinde etkilerini araştırmaktır. Araştırmaya ilkokul 4. Sınıf , 9-10 yaş grubu öğrencilerinden Beykoz İlçesi Güzelcehisar İlkokul öğrencileri (n=29) boy uzunluğu 136,78±6,62 cm., vücut ağırlığı 36,02±9,41 kg. deney grubunu, Üsküdar İlçesi Çengelköy İlkokulu öğrencileri (n=23) boy uzunluğu 141,87±5,66 cm., vücut ağırlığı 35,54±6,38 kg. kontrol grubunu oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmada deney grubuna "Oyun ve Fiziki Etkinlikler" dersleri için hazırlanmış olan Fiziksel Etkinlik Kartları (FEK) ndan Sarı Kart grubundaki, Temel Hareket Becerileri alanı olan programı haftada 1 ders saati olmak üzere 6 hafta süresince uygulanmıştır. Her iki gruba "Flamingo Denge Testi", "Durarak Uzun Atlama Testi (DUA)", "Illionis Çeviklik Testi", "30 m. Sprint Testi" “Mekik Testi”, “Esneklik Testi” çalışmanın döneminin başında ön test ve sonunda son test olarak uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, tanımlayıcı istatistikler olarak belirlenmiş ve Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar toplamı testi sonucuna göre de öğrencileri deney grubunun DUA (p<0.05), Esneklik (p<0.05), Mekik (p<0.01) özelliklerinin ön ve son test puanları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark olduğu ve bu özelliklerin olumlu yönde geliştiği, kontrol grubu öğrencilerinin Esneklik (p<0.05), Mekik (p<0.01) özelliklerinin ön ve son test puanları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı bir fark olduğu ve bu özelliklerde bir gerileme olduğu saptanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre Oyun ve Fiziki Etkinlikler Dersinin Temel Hareket Beceri uygulamalarının 4. Sınıf grubu ilkokul öğrencilerinin özellikle kuvvet ve esneklik gelişimleri üzerine etkili olabileceği değerlendirilmişti

The effect of 8-week thera-band exercises on male swimmers’ 100 m freestyle swimming performance

The aim of this study is to investigate 8 weeks Thera-Band trainings' effects on male swimmers' 100 m freestyle swimming performance.The study group is created by 20 (n = 20) licenced male athletes that had trained at least 3 days in a week and have been active in swimming sport at least 3 years in Gebze Genclerbirligi Swimming Club 20 (n = 20). Athletes were divided into experiment group (n = 10) and control group (n = 10) randomly. Training programme was applied to the study group for 55-60 minutes for 3 days on alternate days and times when the club does not have swimming training. 12 different Thera-Band trainings were applied for 40-45 mins and each set was 15 minutes.Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied for analyzing the differences of intra-groups. SPSS 21.0 Statistics package software was used for statistical analyzes. The results show that there are no significantly differences between experimental group's and control group's post test results. (p&gt;0.05). Statistically significant differences are found as a result of intra-group comparison of the experimental group's pre-test and post-test results (p&lt;0.05).Depending on the results obtained after reviewing the literature, it can be concluded that Thera-Band training is effective on the performance improvement of swimmers aged 13-15 years

Hekimlerin ve Dental Teknisyenlerin VITA Toothguide 3D-Master Skalası ile Renk Seçimi Başarılarının Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Teknoloji ve materyallerdeki gelişmeler estetik diş hekimliğinin en önemli prosedürlerinden biri olan renk seçimini kolaylaştırmaktadır. VITA Toothguide 3D-Master skalası geniş bir renk aralığına sahip olması ile Vitapan Classical skalasının yerini almaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı ülkemizde yaygın bir kullanım alanı bulamayan 3D-Master skalası ile klinisyen ve dental teknisyenlerin renk seçimindeki başarılarını değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Toothguide 3D-Master skalasından rastgele seçilen 10 renk modellere adapte edildi ve fantom kafalara yerleştirildi. Protetik veya restoratif diş hekimliği alanında doktora eğitimi almış (PhD) ve eğitimine devam eden (PG) 7 hekim ile 5 dental teknisyenden (TK) oluşan gözlemci gruplarına, ikinci bir 3D-Master skalası ile renk seçimi yaptırıldı. Ana skaladan seçilmiş olan renkler ile gözlemciler tarafından ikinci skaladan eşleştirilen renkler arasındaki CIE L*a*b* renk farkı (ΔE) spektrofotometre ölçümleri ile hesaplandı. ΔE değerleri klinik tolerans eşik değerlerine göre sınıflandırıldı. Renk eşleşme oranları yüzde olarak hesaplandı ve gruplar arasındaki fark Ki Kare testi ile istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Tüm gözlemcilerin doğru renk eşleştirme oranı %27,5’ dir. Bu oran PhD, PG ve TK grupları için sırasıyla %20, %25 ve %34’ tür. ΔE değerlerinin %44,17’ si klinik olarak kabul edilebilir sınırlar içerisindedir. ΔE değerleri istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır (P&gt; 0.05).Sonuç: Toothguide 3D-Master skalası ile doğru renk seçimi yapılabilmesi için klinisyen ve teknisyenlerin bu renk skalası hakkında yeterli bilgi ve tecrübeye sahip olmaları gerekmektedi

Resveratrol against lung injury in an ischemia/reperfusion model of abdominal aortic rupture

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the effects on the lungs of ischemia/reperfusion injury in a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm model in rats and to investigate the potential protective effects of resveratrol. Methods: Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, ischemia/reperfusion, sham (ischemia/ reperfusion + solvent/dimethyl sulfoxide), and ischemia/reperfusion + resveratrol. In the groups subjected to ischemia/reperfusion, following 60-min shock to the abdominal aorta, vascular clamps were attached from the levels of the infrarenal and iliac bifurcation. A total of 60-min ischemia was applied, followed by 120-min reperfusion. In the ischemia/ reperfusion + resveratrol group, intraperitoneal 10 mg/kg resveratrol was administered 15 min before ischemia and immediately after reperfusion. Malondialdehyde, glutathione, and catalase levels were analyzed and histopathological examination of the lung tissues was performed. Results: Malondialdehyde levels increased in the ischemia/reperfusion and ischemia/reperfusion + dimethyl sulfoxide groups, compared to the control group, while catalase levels decreased, and no significant difference was observed in the glutathione levels. Malondialdehyde levels decreased with the administration of resveratrol, while glutathione levels increased, and catalase levels remained unchanged. The increased inflammation in interstitial spaces, thickening in the alveolar septal walls, increased numbers of cleaved caspase-3 apoptotic pneumocytes, and increased histopathological lung damage scores observed in the ischemia/reperfusion and ischemia/reperfusion + dimethyl sulfoxide groups improved with the application of resveratrol. Conclusion: These findings suggest that resveratrol may exhibit a protective effect in preventing acute lung injury developing due to ischemia/reperfusion in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery by reducing oxidative damage

Mandibular 2 implant destekli overdenture protezlerde ataşmanlar üzerine gelen streslerin değerlendirilmesi

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant locations on the stress around the two different attachment systems in mandibular two-implant overdentures.Materials and Methods: The data obtained from Visible Human Project were modified with the use of VRMESH and Rhinoceros 4.0 software to establish a 3D mandible model with 2 mm cortical bone covering the trabecular bone and 2 mm mucosae. 3D models (totally 6 models) of mandibular two-implant overdenture were designed according to different implant locations [lateral-lateral(LL), lateral-canine(LC), lateral-first premolar(LP)] and attachment systems [ball(BA), locator(LA)]. Foodstuff was used for occlusal loading (100N) and to simulate different biting configurations, foodstuff was positioned on incisors (anterior) and between the second premolar and first molar (posterior) bilaterally. The finite element analysis was performed by ALGOR FEMPRO software and von Mises stresses on attachments were evaluated.Results: For symmetric configuration (LL), there was more von Mises stress on BA compared to LA when foodstuff was positioned posteriorly. For asymmetric configurations (LC and LP), when the implant in the asymmetric side was positioned more posteriorly, von Mises stresses increased on both BA and LA of the implant positioned in the opposite side. In LC configuration, on BA higher von Mises stresses detected when compared to LA, whereas in LP configuration the higher stresses determined on LA when foodstuff was positioned posteriorly.Conclusions: In LL and LP configurations, LA showed lower stresses, which should lead the clinician to choose the appropriate attachment system according to the individual clinical situation.  ÖZETAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, mandibular 2 implant destekli overdenture protezlerde farklı lokalizasyonlarda yerleştirilmiş implant üzerindeki 2 farklı tip ataşmana gelen streslerin değerlendirilmesi.Gereç ve Yöntem: “Visible Human Project” dataları VRMESH ve Rhinoceros 4.0 yazılımlarıyla, 2 mm mukoza ve 2 mm kortikal tarafından çevrelenmiş trabeküler kemik özelliklerine sahip 3 boyutlu (3B) mandibular modeli oluşturuldu. Mandibular 2 implant destekli overdenture protezi simüle eden 3B modeller (toplam 6 adet) farklı implant lokalizasyonları ve farklı ataşman sistemleri kullanılarak tasarlandı. Modeller üzerine oklüzal yüklemeler (100N), yarım yuvarlak sert materyal(YYSM) ile farklı fonksiyonel hareketleri (çiğneme, ısırma) simüle edebilmek için farklı konumlardan yapılmıştır. Sonlu elemanlar analizi ALGOR FEMPRO yazılımı ile yapılıp, ataşmanlara gelen stresler Von Mises değerleri ile değerlendirilmiştir..Bulgular: Simetrik lokalizasyonlarda (LL), posterior bölgeden yapılan yüklemeler sonucunda BA’ya gelen stresler LA’ya gelen streslerden daha fazladır. Asimetrik konfigürasyonlarda (LC ve LP), sol taraftaki implant posteriora doğru konumlandıkça, diğer tarafta bulunan implant üzerindeki hem BA hem de LA’da Von Mises stresleri artmıştır. YYSM posterior yerleştirildiğinde, LC konfigürasyonunda BA’da, LA’ya göre daha yüksek Von Mises stresleri gözlenirken, LP konfigürasyonlarda LA’da daha yüksek stresler tespit edilmiştirSonuçlar: LL ve LP konfigürasyonlarında, LA daha düşük stres değerleri göstermiştir. Bu sonuç, klinisyenlere implant destekli overdenture protez yaparken seçecekleri ataşman türü hakkında öncülük edecektir

The effects of dexmedetomidine against ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm injury to myocardial tissue induced by abdominal aorta clamping

Objectives: This study aims to examine the potential protective effect of the selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) against aortic occlusion-induced myocardial injury. Patients and methods: A total of 30 rats were randomly assigned into three groups of 10 animals each as control, ischemia+reperfusion (I/Rep), and I/Rep+DEX. In the I/Rep and I/Rep+DEX groups, after the completion of the shock stage, 60-min lower torso ischemia was induced with the application of cross-clamps to the abdominal aorta, followed by 120-min reperfusion. The I/Rep+DEX group received intraperitoneal 100 µg/kg DEX 30 min before the ischemia period. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in myocardial tissue increased with the application of I/Rep, while glutathione (GSH) levels decreased. We also observed swollen, degenerative, apoptotic cardiac myofibrils exhibiting caspase-3 positivity, widespread edematous areas, vascular congestion, and an increase in the heart damage scores. The MDA levels decreased with DEX administration, while the GSH levels increased. Degenerative, apoptotic cardiac myofibrils exhibiting loss of cytoplasm content, and vascular congestion also decreased. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that DEX may have a future role in the treatment of myocardial damage occurring due to reperfusion, following ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery

Correlational patterns of species diversity, swimming ability and ecological tolerance of non-marine ostracoda (Crustacea) with different reproductive modes in shallow water bodies of agri region (Turkey)

A total of 52 ostracod taxa (35 live spp. 17 subfossils) were collected from 70 shallow aquatic bodies with 11 different habitat types in Agri province (Turkey). Fabaeformiscandona acuminata is a new record for the Turkish ostracod fauna while 29 species were new for the province. Three types of habitats (stream, ditch and pond) contained the highest numbers of 24, 15, 11 species, respectively. Species were clustered into four main groups based on their distribution among habitats. Canonical Correspondence Analysis was able to explain 73.9% of the correlation between the 18 most frequently found species and five environmental variables. Water temperature and elevation were found to be the most effective factors on ostracods. Species with and without swimming setae tend to be found mostly in lentic and lotic habitats, respectively. Besides, species with swimming setae showed relatively higher ecological optimum and tolerance values for pH, electrical conductivity and water temperature than species without setae. The numbers of non-swimmer sexually reproducing species were twice the number of parthenogenetic species. Parthenogenetic species tend to have higher tolerance and optimum values for different environmental variables than sexual species. Results suggest a strong correlation among reproductive modes, swimming ability and ecological tolerances of the species