Determination of phosphorus and potassium status of Erzurum plain soils with neubauer seedling technique

The purpose of this investigation was to determine phosphorus and potassium status of Erzurum plain soils .Representative 22 soils samples were collected from Erzurum plain. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using randomized block design each treatment replicated three times Rye (S.cerale tetraploid ) was used as the test plant according to Neubauer seedling method Rye plants have been grown for 17 day duration. In a short time P and K in soil has been exploited by multiple branched roots, obtained from plants grown on 100 g soil. The plants harvested after 17 days growing period. P and K concentration in plants were determined quantitatively by using chemical analysis methods. As a result, soils, except 2 ,6 and 15 numbered samples were found adequate for P2O5 and except 6 and 10 numbered soils, all samples were found adequate in terms of K2O for Erzurum plain soils

Life Cycle Assessment of Building Materials: Literature Rewiew

Sustainable development policies are often on the agenda as global warming and resource depletion problems are increasing. The construction sector is one of the focal points of these studies with high environmental burdens. Many building materials, methods and tools are used together during the construction process. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method has been developed in order to determine the environmental load of these inputs. As a result of LCA studies, the load of components or processes on the environment can be calculated and critical points can be determined. In this study, the sustainability of construction materials have researched by books, post graduate theses and articles in Turkey and around the world and summarised with a table

Sürücülü Kendi Kendini Dengeleyen Bir Robotun Bulanık Mantıklı PID Kontrolü

Endüstri ve tıp alanında, kendi kendini dengeleyen robotlar hakkında tüm dünyada yapılan çalışmalar son yıllarda hız kazanmıştır. Bu tip robotların kullanım alanının genişlemesiyle birlikte karşılaşılan en büyük sorunun, robotların kontrol mekanizmaları olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Yapıları gereği kontrol edilmesi zor olan bu robotlar için literatürde çok sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmalar incelendiğinde klasik kontrol metotlarının, bu tip robotları kontrol etmekte yetersiz kaldığı görülmektedir. Fakat klasik kontrolcüler kullanılarak geliştirilen yeni nesil karma kontrol metotlarının robotlara uygulanmasıyla birlikte robotların istenilen hareketleri daha hızlı ve kararlı bir şekilde gerçekleştirdiği gözlemlenmektedir. Bu nedenle, klasik kontrol metotlarından PID kontrolcü parametrelerinin, bulanık mantıklı kontrol metodu ile belirlenerek oluşturulan karma bir kontrol metodu bu çalışmada önerilmekte ve kendi kendini dengeleyen robota uygulanmaktadır. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde, sadece kendi kendini dengeleyen robotların analizinin gerçekleştirildiği görülmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada sürücü de sisteme dahil edilerek analiz edilmiştir. İlk olarak iki tekerlekli kendi kendini dengeleyen robot modellenmiş ve bu sistem için sadece PID (oransal, integral ve türevsel) kontrolcü ve Bulanık Mantık-PID (Fuzzy Logic-PID) kontrolcü tasarlanmıştır. Bulanık Mantık-PID kontrolcünün değişken kazanım katsayılarına sahip olması klasik kontrolcülerden daha hızlı tepki vermesini sağlamaktadır. PID ve Bulanık Mantık-PID kontrolcüler ile elde edilen benzetim sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda Bulanık Mantık-PID kontrolcünün, kontrolcü kazanımlarını kendi kendine ayarlayabildiği ve istenilen hız ve pozisyona ulaşmakta başarılı bir performansa sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır

Polyclonal outbreak of bacteremia caused by Burkholderia cepacia in the intensive care unit

Aim: Burkholderia cepacia is a multidrug-resistant, opportunistic pathogen of humans and outbreaks of infection in hospitals have been described. In this study, we aimed to report an outbreak in patients without cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease involving different species of Burkholderia cepacia. Material and Methods: A small outbreak of nosocomial Burkholderia cepacia complex occurred in a 6-bed intensive care unit. We isolated Burkholderia cepacia from blood cultures of the patients admitted to our intensive care unit. All isolates from patients and the environment were identified by standard microbiological techniques and VITEK system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion method and the VITEK system Results: All isolates exhibited identical patterns of antibiotic susceptibility and all isolates were sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftazidime and meropenem. The isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using the restriction enzymes XbaI and SpeI. Accordingly, while 4 strains were similar, one was different. Discussion: The experience from this outbreak reminded us of the importance of outbreak investigation in such small outbreaks and keeping the health care workers educated and constant attention on this issue. The results of this study emphasized once again the necessity to maintain our sensitivity to the basic principles of sanitation and to raise our awareness of such outbreaks

Experimental and Modelling Analysis of the Hyperthermia Properties of Iron Oxide Nanocubes

open10sìThe ability of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to transform electromagnetic energy into heat is widely exploited in well-known thermal cancer therapies, such as magnetic hyperthermia, which proves useful in enhancing the radio- and chemo-sensitivity of human tumor cells. Since the heat release is ruled by the complex magnetic behavior of MNPs, a careful investigation is needed to understand the role of their intrinsic (composition, size and shape) and collective (aggregation state) properties. Here, the influence of geometrical parameters and aggregation on the specific loss power (SLP) is analyzed through in-depth structural, morphological, magnetic and thermometric characterizations supported by micromagnetic and heat transfer simulations. To this aim, different samples of cubic Fe3O4 NPs with an average size between 15 nm and 160 nm are prepared via hydrothermal route. For the analyzed samples, the magnetic behavior and heating properties result to be basically determined by the magnetic single- or multi-domain configuration and by the competition between magnetocrystalline and shape anisotropies. This is clarified by micromagnetic simulations, which enable us to also elucidate the role of magnetostatic interactions associated with locally strong aggregation.openhttps://zenodo.org/record/5040394#.YhVWyejMKUkFerrero, R; Barrera, G; Celegato, F; Vicentini, M; Sozeri, H; Yildiz, N; Dincer, CA; Coisson, M; Manzin, A; Tiberto, PFerrero, R; Barrera, G; Celegato, F; Vicentini, M; Sozeri, H; Yildiz, N; Dincer, Ca; Coisson, M; Manzin, A; Tiberto,

Acinetobacterspp in Intensive Care Unit: Risk Factors Associated with Infection and Mortality

Purpose: Acinetobacter was known as a saprophytic colonizer, yet it is considered an important etiologic agent which is isolated from hospital-acquired infections. In this study, we aimed to investigate fatality rates, factors for fatality of Acinetobacter infections and relationship between combination therapies and survival.Patients and Methods: We evaluated patients with Acinetobacter infection in ICU for demographic and clinical characteristics, combination therapies and adverse effects of these therapeutic options, retrospectively.Results: Ninety-one patients with proved Acinetobacter infection were included in this study. We found that the fatality rate of Acinetobacter infection in ICU was 56%. Advanced age, carbapenem resistance and Acinetobacter isolation from respiratory secretions were significantly related with fatality.  We found that carbapenem resistance increased steadily during a 5 year period, fatality rates significantly decreased with combination therapies including aminoglycosides. There wasn’t significant relation between colistin therapy and survival in patients with Acinetobacter infections.Conclusion: The patients should be well-assessed in terms of fatality risk factors in case of Acinetobacter infections that occur in the intensive care units. The empirical antibiotic treatment started earlier based on such risk factors may decrease fatality. The antimicrobial combinations including aminoglycoside may be considered more in order to the local resistance data

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision

Yerli ziyaretçilerin kültürel seyahat motivasyonları ve otantiklik algısının memnuniyet düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi Şirince örneği

Bu tez çalıĢmasının amacı, yerli ziyaretçilerin kültürel seyahat motivasyonlarının ve otantiklik algısının memnuniyet düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda adından çokça söz ettiren ve Ġzmir ili sınırları içerisindeki ġirince köyü araĢtırmanın kapsamını oluĢturmaktadır. ġirince’ye gelen yerli turistlere kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile anket tekniği uygulanmıĢ ve toplam 391 anket formu elde edilmiĢtir. AraĢtırma verilerini test etmek için frekans analizi, standart sapma, regresyon analizi, korelasyon analizi ve keĢfedici faktör analizi kullanılmıĢtır. AraĢtırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre ġirince’ye gelen yerli ziyaretçilerin kültürel seyahat motivasyonu ölçeği ifadelerinden ‘tarihi zenginliği olan yerleri ziyaret etmek’ otantiklik ölçeğinde ‘bölgenin tarihi doku ile olan etkileĢimini sevdim’ ve memnuniyet ölçeğinde ‘ġirince’yi tanıdıklarıma ve arkadaĢlarıma tavsiye edeceğim’ ifadeleri en yüksek ortalamaya sahiptir. KeĢfedici faktör analizi sonucunda kültürel seyahat motivasyonu, otantiklik algısı ve memnuniyet olmak üzere toplamda 7 boyut olduğu tespit edilmiĢtir. Boyutların birbirleri ile iliĢkilerinin ölçülmesi için korelasyon analizinden faydalanılmıĢtır. Hipotez testleri sonucunda seyahat motivasyonunun varoluĢsal otantiklik, nesnel otantiklik ve memnuniyet üzerinde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiĢtir. Ayrıca, kültürel seyahat motivasyonunun memnuniyet düzeyi üzerindeki etkisinde nesnel otantiklik ve varoluĢsal otantik algılarının aracılık rolü olduğu belirlenmiĢtir. AraĢtırma verilerinin yüksek düzeyde güvenilirliğe ve geçerliğe sahip olduğu saptanmıĢtır. AraĢtırmada demografik verilere göre ziyaretçilerin yarısının kadın, genç ve bekar bireylerden oluĢtuğu, daha önceden ġirince’yi ziyaret ettikleri ve günübirlik arkadaĢları ile gittikleri tespit edilmiĢtir. Elde edilen tüm sonuçlar neticesinde ġirince’de turizmin geliĢtirilmesi ve yerli turistler bakımından önem teĢkil eden unsurların muhafaza edilebilmesi amacıyla turizm profesyonellerine ve yerel iĢletmecilere önerilerde bulunulmuĢtur.The aim of this thesis study is to determine the impact of local visitors ' cultural travel motivations and perception of authenticity on satisfaction levels. For this purpose, the village of ġirince, which mentions its name a lot and is located within the borders of Izmir province, constitutes the scope of the research. A total of 391 survey forms were obtained. Frequency analysis, standard deviation, regression analysis, correlation analysis, and exploratory factor analysis were used to test research data. According to the findings of the study, the cultural motivation of local visitors coming to ġirince scale has the highest average of ‘visiting places with historical richness’ on the authenticity scale ‘I liked the interaction of the region with the historical texture’ and ‘I will recommend ġirince to my friends and acquaintances’ on the satisfaction scale. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that there are 7 dimensions in total: cultural travel motivation, perception of authenticity and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to measure the relationship of dimensions with each other. As a result of hypothesis tests, travel motivation has been found to have an effect on existential authenticity, objective authenticity, and satisfaction. It has also been determined that objective authenticity and existential authentic perceptions have a mediating role in the impact of cultural travel motivation on satisfaction levels. Research data has been found to have a high level of reliability and validity. According to demographic data, it was determined that half of the visitors were women, young and single people, they had previously visited ġirince and had gone on a day trip with their friends. As a result of all the results obtained, proposals were made to tourism professionals and local operators in order to develop tourism in ġirince and to preserve the elements that are important for local tourists

Development of a sustainability framework for glass fiber reinforced concrete (GRFC) facade panels with life cycle assessment (LCA) method

YÖK Tez No: 488040İnşaat sektörü, dünya hammadde kaynak tüketiminin ve küresel ısınmanın yaklaşık %40'ından sorumludur. Ürün ve hizmetlerin çevresel etkilerinin tespiti ve azaltılabilmesi için "Yaşam Döngü Değerlendirmesi (YDD)" yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. YDD bir ürünün malzemelerinin çıkartılması, kullanımı ve bertaraf edilmesine kadar olan sürecin farklı aşamalarındaki çevresel etkilerini tespit edilmesi için kullanılan bir analiz yöntemidir. Bu tez kapsamında cam elyaf takviyeli beton (GFRC) cephe panellerinden çelik karkaslı ve ısı yalıtımlı panellerin; YDD yönteminde "beşikten kapıya opsiyonlu" olarak adlandırılan bu süreç zarfında, panellerin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik performansları, CML (Center of Environmental Science of Leiden University) yöntemiyle ortaya konmuştur. Küresel ısınma etki ağaç diyagramları kullanılarak, ürünleri sürdürülebilirlik açısından en olumsuz etkileyen malzeme ve süreçler tespit edilmiştir. Bu noktalarda, panellerin optimizasyon potansiyellerinin geliştirilmesi için literatürde araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Gereken noktalarda yapılan değişikliklerle, ekolojik ürün alternatifleri geliştirilmiş ve YDD yazılımında modellenmiştir. Bu ürünler eko-çelik karkaslı ve eko-ısı yalıtımlı panel olarak isimlendirilerek, ilk ürünlerle çevresel açıdan YDD yöntemiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Çıkan sonuçlarda ekolojik ürün olarak adlandırılan ürünlerde, ilk ürünlere kıyasla farklı etki kategorilerinde sürdürülebilirlik performansında % 10-70 arasında gelişme kaydedilmiştir. Cam elyaf takviyeli beton (GFRC) cephe panellerinin YDD'leri baz alınarak, yapı malzemeleri için bir kavramsal sürdürülebilirlik çerçevesi oluşturulmuştur. Sürdürülebilir malzeme veri tabanı oluşturulmasında faydalı olacağı düşünülen bu çerçeve, sürdürülebilir bina üretiminde de sürdürülebilir yapı malzemesi kullanımı olanağı sunmaktadır.The construction sector is responsible from 40% of global raw resource consumption and global warming. A "Life Cycle Assessment" (YDD) method has been developed to detect and reduce the environmental impacts of products and services. For this reason, it is important to identify and analyze the environmental impact of the sector. LCA is a method of analysis used to determine the environmental impacts of different stages of the process of removing, using, and disposing of a product's material. Within the scope of this thesis, glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) facade panels with steel carcass and heat insulated panels; During the process called "cradle-to-cradle option" in the LCA method, the environmental sustainability performances of the panels are revealed by the CML(Center of Environmental Science of Leiden University) method. By using global warming effect tree diagrams, the materials and processes that have the most negative effects on the sustainability of the products have been identified. With the changes made to the required points, ecological product alternatives have been developed and modeled in YDD software. These products are named as eco-steel carcass and eco-heat insulated panels and compared with the first products in terms of environment in terms of YDD method. Sustainability performance has improved by 10-70% in the different impact categories compared to the first products in the products called ecological products. Based on the LCA of glass fiber reinforced concrete facade panels, sustainability conceptual framework established for building materials. This framework, which will be useful in creating a sustainable material database, also refers to the sustainable building