Ömer-Gecek (Afyonkarahisar) jeotermal sahası rezervuar kayaçlarının mineropetrografik ve jeokimyasal özellikleri

The most important elements of the geothermal system are fluid, reservoir-cover rock, heat source, and fault lines. In geothermal basins, it is necessary to have a reservoir rock of sufficient thickness with high porosity and permeability. This study aims to determine the mineralogic-petrographic and geochemical features of the marbles, which are the reservoir rocks of Omer-Gecek geothermal region. In this scope, the samples taken from both the outcrops and the geothermal drillings made in the region were investigated and the possible effects of water-rock interaction were determined. There are low and medium temperature (45-128ºC) fluids produced from Omer-Gecek region, the most important geothermal field in Afyonkarahisar (Western Turkey). Afyon metamorphics, which are composed of Bayramgazi schists and Oyuklu Tepe marbles, are the basement rocks of the study area and the marble lenses/bands form the reservoir rock. As a result of the analyses, it has been determined that the samples are mainly composed of calcite and dolomite minerals, and these minerals are accompanied by quartz and mica minerals with secondary minerals and kaolinite minerals as alteration minerals. The granoblastic textured outcrop marble samples gained breccia texture due to alteration and secondary manganese and iron-rich solutions were deposited into the pores and micro-cracks. According to the geochemical analysis results, while the CaO is the most important component in outcrop samples, it is significantly depleted in drilling samples, while MgO, Al2O3, and SiO2 levels are enriched.Jeotermal sistemin en önemli elemanlarını akışkan, rezervuar kayaç, örtü-ısıtıcı kayaç ve fay hatları oluşturmaktadır. Jeotermal havzalarda her şeyden önce yüksek porozite ve permeabiliteye sahip olan yeterli kalınlıkta rezervuar kayacın bulunması zorunludur. Bu çalışmanın amacı Ömer-Gecek jeotermal bölgesinin rezervuar kayacı olan mermerlerin mineralojik-petrografik ve jeokimyasal özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda hem mostra yüzeylerinden, hem de bölgede yapılmış olan jeotermal sondajlardan alınan kırıntı numuneler üzerinde incelemeler yapılarak, su-kayaç etkileşiminin muhtemel etkileri belirlenmiştir. Afyonkarahisar ilindeki en önemli jeotermal saha olan Ömer-Gecek bölgesinden düşük ve orta sıcaklıkta (45-128ºC) akışkan üretilmektedir. Bayramgazi şistleri ve Oyuklu Tepe mermerlerinden oluşan Afyon metamorfikleri inceleme alanının temel kayaçları olmakla birlikte, bu istif içerisinde yer alan mermer mercek ve bantları akışkanların ana rezervuarını oluşturmaktadır. Yaptırılan analizler sonucunda örneklerin başlıca kalsit ve dolomit minerallerinden oluştuğu, bu minerallere tali oranda kuvars ve mika mineralleri ile alterasyon minerali olarak kaolinit mineralinin eşlik ettiği görülmektedir. Makroskobik olarak şekerimsi doku gösteren mermerler alterasyonun etkisiyle breşik yapı kazanmış ve sekonder mangan ve demir bakımından zengin eriyikler kayaç içindeki boşluk ve mikro çatlaklara yerleşmiştir. Jeokimyasal sonuçlara göre, mostra örneklerinde CaO kimyasal bileşimindeki en önemli bileşen olarak göze çarpmakta iken kırıntı örneklerde CaO önemli derecede azalmakta ve MgO, Al2O3 ve SiO2 miktarlarında artış gözlenmektedir

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly utilized in adults and children for treatment of various conditions. Studies on CAM in diabetes have mainly focused on the adult population and its application in children has not been well established. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of CAM use in Turkish children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

Adaptation of the Scale of Factors of Sports Sponsorship Policy to Turkish: Spor Sponsorluğu Politikası Faktörleri Ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması

The aim of this study is to adapt the Drivers of Sports Sponsorship Policy developed by Miragaia et al. (2017) to Turkish and to present the results of the validity and reliability study. 100 managers and employees in public and private sectors participated in the study. DFA (confirmatory factor analysis) were performed for the construct validity studies of the scale and Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency and composite coefficients were examined for reliability studies. In result of confirmatory factor analysis, the 19-item scale, which consists of four factors: customer satisfaction, corporatereputation, innovation and corporate social responsibility, was foundto be adjusting good.Internal consistency coefficients of the scale are updated as customer satisfaction dimension 0,65, corporate reputation dimension 0,79, innovation dimension 0,65 and corporate social responsibility dimension 0,84.The total internal consistency coefficient of the scale is α = 0,83. The total correlations of the factors in the scale were calculated between 0,259 and 0,466.The analyzes showed that the Turkish form of the scale was a valid and reliable measurement tool. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet   Bu çalışmanın amacı, Miragaia ve arkadaşları (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Spor Sponsorluğu Politikasının Faktörleri’ni (Drivers of Sports Sponsorship Policy) Türkçeye uyarlamak ve geçerlik güvenirlik çalışma sonuçlarını ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırmaya kamu ve özel sektörde görev alan 100 yönetici ve çalışan katılmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerlik çalışmaları için DFA (doğrulayıcı faktör analizi) yapılmış, güvenirlik çalışmaları için Cronbach’s Alpha iç tutarlılık ve kompozit katsayılarına bakılmıştır. Müşteri memnuniyeti, kurumsal itibar, yenilikçilik ve kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk olmak üzere dört faktörden oluşan 19 maddelik ölçeğe ilişkin modelin doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda iyi uyum sağladığı bulunmuştur. Ölçeğe ait iç tutarlık katsayıları ise müşteri memnuniyeti boyutu 0,65, kurumsal itibar boyutu 0,79, yenilikçilik boyutu 0,65 ve kurumsal sosyal sorumluluğu boyutu 0,84 olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçeğin toplam iç tutarlık katsayısı ise α = 0,83’tür. Ölçekteki faktörlerin toplam korelasyonları 0,259 ile 0,466 arasında hesaplanmıştır. Analizler ölçeğin Türkçe formunun geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu göstermiştir

Bayatcık jeotermal sahasında (Afyonkarahisar) yer alan bayatcık-1 kuyusunun jeolojisi ve alterasyon mineralojisi

Bayatçık geothermal field is located 7 km northwest of the Afyonkarahisar. The aim of this study is to determine the borehole geology and hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of Bayatçik-1 well, was drilled in 2013. The well is 925 meters deep. The types of rock that were encountered in this well were alluvium, volcanic and sedimentary sections of the Köprülü volcanosedimanter sequence, basal conglomerate, marble and schist sections. The cover rocks of the geothermal system consisting of volcanic and sedimentary rocks were drilled in the first 528m. Basal conglomerate was observed in 528- 558 m level. Marble unit (Mrb1), which is the reservoir rock of the geothermal system at depths of 558- 574 m, micaschist (Sch1) between 574-622 m, marble-2 between 622-746 m (Mrb2), micaschist-2 (Sch2) between 746-830 m, marble-3 between 830-890 m (Mrb3) and finally at depths of 890-920 m is a schist unit which acts as the impermeable basement rock of the system. The analyzes such as stereo and polarizing light microscope, x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were applied to the clastic samples taken at 2m intervals from Bayatçik-1 well. The result of the study is aimed to reveal the development of the geothermal system in the Bayatcık region by the differences in the hydrothermal alteration mineralogy of the samples. In the study, mineralogical-petrographical data were obtained with the presence of smectite, illite and kaolinite minerals formed at a temperature lower than 200oC.Bayatçık jeotermal sahası Afyonkarahisar ilinin 7 km kuzeybatısında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 2013 yılında açılan Bayatçik-1 kuyusunun kuyu içi jeolojisi ve hidrotermal alterasyon mineralojisini belirlemektir. 925 metre derinliğindeki sondaj boyunca; Köprülü volkanosedimanter istifinin alüvyon, volkanik ve sedimanter kısımları ile taban konglomerası, mermer ve şist birimleri kesilmiştir. İlk 528 m'de jeotermal sistemin örtü kayaları olan volkanik ve sedimanter kayalar, 528-558 m’lerde taban konglomerası, 558-574 m derinlikte Jeotermal sistemin rezervuar kayası olan mermer (Mrb1), 574-622 m arasında mikasşist (Sch1), 622-746 m arasında mermer-2 (Mrb2), 746-830 m arasında mikaşist-2 (Sch2), 830-890 m arasında mermer-3 (Mrb3) ve son olarak 890-920 m derinliklerde sistemin geçirimsiz temel kayası olan şist birimleri geçilmiştir. Bayatcık-1 kuyusundan 2m aralıklarla alınan klastik örneklere stereo ve polarize mikroskop, x-ışını difraktometre (XRD) ve tarama elektron mikroskobu (SEM) gibi analizler uygulanarak, Bayatcık bölgesindeki jeotermal sistemin gelişimini örneklerin hidrotermal alterasyon mineralojisindeki farklılıklar ile ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada 200oC’den düşük sıcaklıkta oluşan simektit, illit ve kaolinit minerallerinin varlığıyla ilgili mineralojik-petrografik verilere ulaşılmıştır

Common polymorphisms of growth hormone: Growth hormone receptor axis in Turkish children with short stature

Objective: A single-nucleotide polymorphism of the growth hormone 1 gene, GH1IVS4+90A>T (rs2665802), associated with short stature and a polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor gene, exon 3 deleted variant, associated with increased responsiveness to growth hormone have been reported previously. We aimed to investigate the frequency of both polymorphisms and their correlation to height in Turkish short children. Also, we aimed to evaluate the effect of exon 3 deleted variant on response to 1-year growth hormone therapy. Materials and Methods: Children with idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency (n = 39) and with idiopathic short stature (n = 10) and 50 control subjects were evaluated for anthropo-metric parameters, annual growth velocity, and annual height gain. Growth hormone receptor gene polymorphisms were analyzed via multiplex polymerase chain reaction; growth hormone 1 gene polymorphism was analyzed via polymerase chain reaction and single-strand confor-mation polymorphism techniques. Results: The frequency of genotypes carrying the “A” allele was not significantly higher in the idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency group than in the idiopathic short stature and control groups (P = .03 for each). The exon 3 deleted variant genotype was significantly lower in the idiopathic short stature group compared to the control group (P = .01). There was no effect of exon 3 deleted variant, on response to the first-year growth hormone therapy. Conclusion: In Turkish population, no correlation was found between the “A” allele of GH1IVS4+90A>T polymorphism and idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency and short stature, and a significant negative correlation was found between exon 3 deleted variant and idiopathic short stature and short stature. Exon 3 deleted variant has no effect on response to growth hormone treatment.Istanbul Universit

Cep telefonlarından kaynaklanan 1800 MHZ elektromanyetik alanın kemik doku üzerine etkileri

Amaç: Elektromanyetik alanın (EMA) kemik hücreleri üzerine bazı biyolojik etkileri olduğu bildirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, cep telefonlarından yayılan 1800 MHz frekansındaki EMA'nın rat kemik dokusundaki kemik mineral yoğunluğu üzerine etkilerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Gereçler ve Yöntemler: Otuz erkek Wistar-albino sıçan kontrol ve EMA olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. EMA grubundaki ratlar, dört hafta boyunca haftada beş gün ve günde 30 dakika 1±04 mW/cm2 gücünde 1800 MHz frekansında EMA'ya maruz bırakıldı. Kontrol grubu, aynı gün ve sürede EMA uygulanmaksızın aynı çevresel şartlarda tutuldu. Çalışma sonunda tüm sıçanların kemik mineral yoğunluğu değerleri “Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry” cihazı ile taranarak ölçüldü. Bulgular: EMA grubunda kontrol grubuna göre lomber kemik mineral yoğunluğunda minimal artma, femur kemik mineral yoğunluğunda ise minimal azalma saptandı. Ancak, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0.05). Sonuç: Osteoporoz açısından bakıldığı zaman yüksek frekanslı EMA'nın kemik dokusu üzerinde etkisi saptanmamıştır. Cep telefonları frekanslarına maruz kalmanın etkileri arasında kanser gibi ciddi hastalıkların olması nedeniyle insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla daha ileri çalışmalara gereksinim olduğu kanaatindeyiz.Objectives: An electromagnetic field (EMF) has biological effects on the behavior of the cell populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 1800 MHz EMF which is similar to the cellular phones on the bone mineral density (BMD) of rat bone tissue. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male rats were divided into two groups as EMF and controls. EMF with 1±04 mW/cm2 power and 1800 MHz frequency has been applied on rats for four weeks, five days per week and 30 minutes each day. Control group was held in the same environmental conditions for the same time except EMF application. At the end, BMD of all rats was measured by scanning with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Results: Although a small increase in lumbar BMD and a decrease in BMD of the femur was determined in the group affected by 1800 MHz EMF, a significant difference was not found (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that high frequency EMF has no effect on bone tissue with regard to osteoporosis. As serious diseases like cancer has been speculated as an outcome of exposure to frequencies used in mobile phones, further studies are warranted to reveal its effects on human health

Comparison of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected and uninfected health care workers

The effects of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) on previously naturally infected individuals are unknown. This study compared immunogenicity and reactogenicity of CoronaVac in once naturally infected health-care workers (HCWs) and uninfected HCWs. All HCWs were immunized with two doses of CoronaVac (600 U/0.5 ml) intramuscularly at a 28-day interval. Adverse reactions were obtained by web-based questionnaires or telephone calls seven days after each vaccine dose. Detection of antibody levels against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was done four weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. We enrolled 103 previously naturally infected and 627 uninfected HCWs. The mean time for vaccination after the first nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 64 days (range: 15-136 days) in previously naturally infected HCWs. Among the previously naturally infected HCWs, 41 (40%) were asymptomatic, 52 (50%) had mild upper respiratory tract infections, 10 (105) had pneumonia, and only 6 (5%) were hospitalized. Any reported adverse reactions, either from the first dose or the second dose of vaccine administration, did not differ between previously infected and uninfected HCWs. Anti-RBD antibody titers were obtained in 50 (51%) of 103 previously infected HCWs and 142 (23%) of 627 uninfected HCWs. Anti-RBD antibody titers were significantly higher in HCWs with a previous natural infection (median 1220 AU/ml, range: 202-10328 AU/mL) than in uninfected HCWs (median: 913 AU/ml, range: 2.8-15547 AU/mL, p = .032). CoronaVac administration was safe and may elicit higher antibody responses in previously naturally infected individuals

Comparison of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected and uninfected health care workers

The effects of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) on previously naturally infected individuals are unknown. This study compared immunogenicity and reactogenicity of CoronaVac in once naturally infected health-care workers (HCWs) and uninfected HCWs. All HCWs were immunized with two doses of CoronaVac (600 U/0.5 ml) intramuscularly at a 28-day interval. Adverse reactions were obtained by web-based questionnaires or telephone calls seven days after each vaccine dose. Detection of antibody levels against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was done four weeks after the second dose of the vaccine. We enrolled 103 previously naturally infected and 627 uninfected HCWs. The mean time for vaccination after the first nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 64 days (range: 15-136 days) in previously naturally infected HCWs. Among the previously naturally infected HCWs, 41 (40%) were asymptomatic, 52 (50%) had mild upper respiratory tract infections, 10 (105) had pneumonia, and only 6 (5%) were hospitalized. Any reported adverse reactions, either from the first dose or the second dose of vaccine administration, did not differ between previously infected and uninfected HCWs. Anti-RBD antibody titers were obtained in 50 (51%) of 103 previously infected HCWs and 142 (23%) of 627 uninfected HCWs. Anti-RBD antibody titers were significantly higher in HCWs with a previous natural infection (median 1220 AU/ml, range: 202-10328 AU/mL) than in uninfected HCWs (median: 913 AU/ml, range: 2.8-15547 AU/mL, p = .032). CoronaVac administration was safe and may elicit higher antibody responses in previously naturally infected individuals