The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gentiana triflora and comparative analysis with its congeneric species

Gentiana triflora is an important medicinal plant in China with economic and medicinal value. Here, we report the complete chloroplastsequences of G. trifloral. The cp genome of G. triflora of 149, 125 bp contains 130 unique genes, including 85 protein-coding genes,8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The analysis of repeat showed that palindromic had the highest frequency. Besides, a total numberof 45 SSR were identified, most of which were mononucleotide adenine-thymine. Comparative genome analysis of Gentiana speciesrevealed that the pair of the inverted repeat was more conserved than the single-copy region. This analysis resulted in identification of 8 hypervariable regions (trnH-GUG, trnG-UCC-intron, atpI, trnD-GUC, trnL-UAA, rpl32-trnL-UAG, petA and ycf1). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that G. triflora was most closely related to Gentiana manshurica. In conclusion, this study enriched the genomic resources of the Gentiana genus and provided a basis for evolution and phylogeny analyses

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. and analysis of phylogenetic relationships

Hyssopus cuspidatus is a member of the Lamiaceae family, members of which are often used to treat cough and asthma by the Uigurs. However, the Hyssopus genus has a limited number of known chloroplast genomes, making it difficult to compare species within the genus and to classify species within and outside the genus accurately. The introduction of the chloroplast genome method would therefore help improve the classification of the Hyssopus genus. This report presents the complete chloroplast sequences of Hyssopus cuspidatus. The chloroplast genome of H. cuspidatus is 149,678 bp long and contains 129 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. We identified 46 single sequence repeats (SSRs), most of which were mononucleotide adenine–thymine. The analysis of the repeat sequences, codon usage, and comparison of chloroplast genomes showed a high degree of conservation. The plastid genomes exhibited a typical quartile structure. Four hypervariable regions were identified: accD–psal, psbZ–trnG–GCC, trnH–GUG–psbA, and atpH–atpI. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Hyssopus genus was closely related to the adjacent genus Dracocephalum. Our research conducted a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of the Hyssopus genus and provided a detailed comparison of the differences between species within and outside of this genus. Through IR comparison, phylogenetic analysis, and variation region analysis, we discovered a close relationship between the genera Hyssopus and Dracocephalum and propose a new perspective on the phylogenetic classification of H. cuspidatus. These findings will support the continued identification, classification, and evolutionary analysis of this genus

Quality Mapping of Offset Lithographic Printed Antenna Substrates and Electrodes by Millimeter-Wave Imaging

Offset lithographic printed flexible antenna substrate boards and electrodes have attracted much attention recently due to the boost of flexible electronics. Unmanned quality inspection of these printed substrate boards and electrodes demands high-speed, large-scale and nondestructive methods, which is highly desired for manufacturing industries. The work here demonstrates two kinds of millimeter (mm)-wave imaging technologies for the quality (surface uniformity and functionality parameters) inspection of printed silver substrates and electrodes on paper and thin polyethylene film, respectively. One technology is a mm-wave line scanner system and the other is a terahertz-time domain spectroscopy-based charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging system. The former shows the ability of detecting transmitted mm-wave amplitude signals only; its detection is fast in a second time scale and the system shows great potential for the inspection of large-area printed surface uniformity. The latter technology achieves high spatial resolution images of up to hundreds of micrometers at the cost of increased inspection time, in a time scale of tens of seconds. With the exception of absorption rate information, the latter technology offers additional phase information, which can be used to work out 2D permittivity distribution. Moreover, its uniformity is vital for the antenna performance. Additionally, the results demonstrate that compression rolling treatment significantly improves the uniformity of printed silver surfaces and enhances the substrate’s permittivity values

Revealing ecotype influences on Cistanche sinensis: from the perspective of endophytes to metabolites characteristics

IntroductionPlant microorganism is critical to plant health, adaptability, and productive forces. Intriguingly, the metabolites and microorganisms can act upon each other in a plant. The union of metabolomics and microbiome may uncover the crucial connections of the plant to its microbiome. It has important benefits for the agricultural industry and human being health, particularly for Chinese medical science investigation.MethodsIn this last 2 years study, on the strength of the UPLC–MS/MS detection platform, we accurately qualitatively, and quantitatively measured the Cistanche sinensis fleshy stems of two ecotypes. Thereafter, through high-throughput amplicon sequencing 16S/ITS sequences were procured.ResultsPhGs metabolites including echinacoside, isoacteoside, and cistanoside A were significantly downregulated at two ecotypes of C. sinensis. Add up to 876 metabolites were monitored and 231 differential metabolites were analyzed. Further analysis of 34 core differential metabolites showed that 15 compounds with up-regulated belonged to phenolic acids, flavonoids, and organic acids, while 19 compounds with down-regulated belonged to phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides. There was no noteworthy discrepancy in the endophytic bacteria’s α and β diversity between sandy and loam ecotypes. By comparison, the α and β diversity of endophytic fungi was notably distinct. The fungal community of the loam ecotype is more abundant than the sandy ecotype. However, there were few such differences in bacteria. Most abundant genera included typical endophytes such as Phyllobacterium, Mycobacterium, Cistanche, Geosmithia, and Fusarium. LEfSe results revealed there were 11 and 20 biomarkers of endophytic bacteria and fungi in C. sinensis at two ecotypes, respectively. The combination parsing of microflora and metabolites indicated noteworthy relativity between the endophytic fungal communities and metabolite output. Key correlation results that Anseongella was positive relation with Syringin, Arsenicitalea is negative relation with 7-methylxanthine and Pseudogymnoascus is completely positively correlated with nepetin-7-O-alloside.DiscussionThe aim of this research is: (1) to explore firstly the influence of ecotype on C. sinensis from the perspective of endophytes and metabolites; (2) to investigate the relationship between endophytes and metabolites. This discovery advances our understanding of the interaction between endophytes and plants and provides a theoretical basis for cultivation of C. sinensis in future

Mendelian randomization analyses in cardiometabolic disease:the challenge of rigorous interpretations of causality

Mendelian randomization (MR) is a burgeoning field that involves the use of genetic variants to assess causal relationships between exposures and outcomes. MR studies can be straightforward; for example, genetic variants within or near the encoding locus that is associated with protein concentrations can help to assess their causal role in disease. However, a more complex relationship between the genetic variants and an exposure can make findings from MR more difficult to interpret. In this Review, we describe some of these challenges in interpreting MR analyses, including those from studies using genetic variants to assess causality of multiple traits (such as branched-chain amino acids and risk of diabetes mellitus); studies describing pleiotropic variants (for example, C-reactive protein and its contribution to coronary heart disease); and those investigating variants that disrupt normal function of an exposure (for example, HDL cholesterol or IL-6 and coronary heart disease). Furthermore, MR studies on variants that encode enzymes responsible for the metabolism of an exposure (such as alcohol) are discussed, in addition to those assessing the effects of variants on time-dependent exposures (extracellular superoxide dismutase), cumulative exposures (LDL cholesterol), and overlapping exposures (triglycerides and non-HDL cholesterol). We elaborate on the molecular features of each relationship, and provide explanations for the likely causal associations. In doing so, we hope to contribute towards more reliable evaluations of MR findings

The Analysis of Dynamic Data of Multi-Fractured Horizontal Well Preliminary Application Research

Multi-fractured horizontal well’s model is complicated, which have to consider lots of parameters and bring other difficulties for the analysis of dynamic data. This paper intends to identify the difference from a theoretical perspective first and consider the nonlinearity of numerical horizontal method can explain or evaluate for these wells. Then this paper based on an actual multi-fractured horizontal well of gas and utilize the new model to analysis of dynamic data of multi-fractured horizontal well with different analysis method, through contrast with each result concluded that the nonlinearity of numerical horizontal model is the most appropriate for the analysis of dynamic data of multi-fractured horizontal well. The nonlinearity of numerical horizontal method has considered interferences between fractures and nonlinearity PVT and other factors, which are advanced than other methods and this method is the most appropriate for the analysis of dynamic data of multi-fractured horizontal well up to now.Key words: Multi-fractured; Horizontal well; Analysis of dynamic dat

Multilabel Text Classification Algorithm Based on Fusion of Two-Stream Transformer

Existing multilabel text classification methods rely on a complex manual design to mine label correlation, which has the risk of overfitting and ignores the relationship between text and labels. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a multilabel text classification algorithm based on a transformer encoder–decoder, which can adaptively extract the dependency relationship between different labels and text. First, text representation learning is carried out through word embedding and a bidirectional long short-term memory network. Second, the global relationship of the text is modeled by the transformer encoder, and then the multilabel query is adaptively learned by the transformer decoder. Last, a weighted fusion strategy under the supervision of multiple loss functions is proposed to further improve the classification performance. The experimental results on the AAPD and RCV1-V2 datasets show that compared with the existing methods, the proposed algorithm achieves better classification results. The optimal micro-F1 reaches 73.4% and 87.8%, respectively, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

Modulation of terahertz radiation from graphene surface plasmon polaritons via surface acoustic wave

We present a theoretical study of terahertz (THz) radiation induced by surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a graphene layer under modulation by a surface acoustic wave (SAW). In our gedanken experiment, SPPs are excited by an electron beam moving on a graphene layer situated on a piezoelectric MoS 2 flake. Under modulation by the SAW field, charge carriers are periodically distributed over the MoS 2 flake, and this causes periodically distributed permittivity. The periodic permittivity structure of the MoS 2 flake folds the SPP dispersion curve back into the center of the first Brillouin zone, in a manner analogous to a crystal, leading to THz radiation emission with conservation of the wavevectors between the SPPs and the electromagnetic waves. Both the frequency and the intensity of the THz radiation are tuned by adjusting the chemical potential of the graphene layer, the MoS 2 flake doping density, and the wavelength and period of the external SAW field. A maximum energy conversion efficiency as high as ninety percent was obtained from our model calculations. These results indicate an opportunity to develop highly tunable and integratable THz sources based on graphene devices

Calcareous nannofossil bioevents and microtektite stratigraphy in the Western Philippine Sea during the Quaternary

Two sediment cores, MD06-3050 and MD06-3047, were analyzed to study the Quaternary calcareous nannofossil and microtektite records. We dated bioevents and the microtektite impact event by calibrating with oxygen isotope stratigraphy. Seven calcareous nannofossil bioevents were identified over the past 2.36 Ma including the last appearance of data for Discoaster brouweri, Calcidiscus macintyrei, large Gephyrocapsa and Pseudoemiliania lacunosa, the first appearance of data for large Gephyrocapsa and Emiliania huxleyi, and the abrupt increase in the abundance of Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica. In addition, we fortunately observed that Australasian microtektites were distributed in core MD06-3050 from 1340 to 1374 cm