Comparison of the volatiles composition between healthy and buprestid infected Juglans regia (Juglandaceae).

Meliboeus ohbayashii primoriensis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an important pest of the walnut tree Juglans regia (Juglandaceae), but the volatiles mediating this plant–herbivore interaction are unknown. In this study, volatiles emitted by healthy J. regia and by plants infested with M. ohbayashii primoriensis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) were obtained by a dynamic headspace method and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Shanxi, China). We identified 26 major compounds and compared the volatile composition of healthy and buprestid-infected J. regia. Green leaf volatiles were detected in all damaged plants, including the monoterpenoids β-phellandrene and (E)-β-ocimene, the sesquiterpenoids (-)-β-bourbonene, β-ylangene, and (E,E)-α-farnesene, the alcohols linalool, myrtenol, and (E)-(-)-pinocarveol, the ketones (E)-pinocamphone and (Z)-pinocamphone, and the ester methyl salicylate. The major volatiles detected in healthy plants were β-pinene (36.26 %), α-pinene (23.81 %), D-limonene (12.03 %), sabinene (8.63 %), and β-myrcene (4.35 %). The main volatiles from M. ohbayashii primoriensis larva-infested plants were β-pinene (37.82 %), α-pinene (20.36 %), D-limonene (14.71 %), germacrene D (5.24 %), sabinene (4.52 %), and β-phellandrene (3.80 %). These results enrich our understanding of volatiles of healthy plants and plants infested with M. ohbayashii primoriensis. Furthermore, they provide a theoretical basis and scientific foundation for integrated pest management and for effective ecologically sustainable pest control strategie

Improved language identification using deep bottleneck network

Effective representation plays an important role in automatic spoken language identification (LID). Recently, several representations that employ a pre-trained deep neural network (DNN) as the front-end feature extractor, have achieved state-of-the-art performance. However the performance is still far from satisfactory for dialect and short-duration utterance identification tasks, due to the deficiency of existing representations. To address this issue, this paper proposes the improved representations to exploit the information extracted from different layers of the DNN structure. This is conceptually motivated by regarding the DNN as a bridge between low-level acoustic input and high-level phonetic output features. Specifically, we employ deep bottleneck network (DBN), a DNN with an internal bottleneck layer acting as a feature extractor. We extract representations from two layers of this single network, i.e. DBN-TopLayer and DBN-MidLayer. Evaluations on the NIST LRE2009 dataset, as well as the more specific dialect recognition task, show that each representation can achieve an incremental performance gain. Furthermore, a simple fusion of the representations is shown to exceed current state-of-the-art performance

Engineering Scheffersomyces segobiensis for palmitoleic acid‐rich lipid production

Palmitoleic acid (POA; C16:1) is an essential high- value ω- 7- conjugated fatty acid with beneficial bioactivities and potential applications in the nu-traceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Previously, the oleaginous yeast Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM27193 has been identified as a promis-ing production host as an alternative for POA extraction from plant or animal sources. Here, the POA-producing capacity of this host was further expanded by optimizing the fermentation process and molecular strain engineering. Specifically, a dual fermentation strategy (O-S dynamic regulation strategy) focused on the substrate and dissolved oxygen concentration was designed to eliminate ethanol and pyruvate accumulation during fermentation. Key genes influencing POA production, such as jen, dgat, ole were identified on the transcriptional level and were subsequently over-expressed. Furthermore, the phosphoketolase (Xpk)/phosphotransacetylase (Pta) pathway was intro-duced to improve the yield of the precursor acetyl-CoA from glucose. The resulting cell factory SS-12 produced 7.3 g/L of POA, corresponding to an 11-fold increase compared to the wild type, presenting the highest POA titre reported using oleaginous yeast to date. An economic evaluation based on the raw materials, utilities and facility-dependent costs showed that microbial POA production using S. segobiensis can supersede the current extraction method from plant oil and marine fish. This study reports the construction of a promising cell factory and an effective microbial fermentation strategy for commercial POA production

Comparación de la composición de los volátiles de Juglans regia (Juglandaceae) sanos e infestadas por un escarabajo bupréstido

Meliboeus ohbayashii primoriensis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is an important pest of the walnut tree Juglans regia (Juglandaceae), but the volatiles mediating this plant–herbivore interaction are unknown. In this study, volatiles emitted by healthy J. regia and by plants infested with M. ohbayashii primoriensis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) were obtained by a dynamic headspace method and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Shanxi, China). We identified 26 major compounds and compared the volatile composition of healthy and buprestid-infected J. regia. Green leaf volatiles were detected in all damaged plants, including the monoterpenoids β-phellandrene and (E)-β-ocimene, the sesquiterpenoids (-)-β-bourbonene, β-ylangene, and (E,E)-α-farnesene, the alcohols linalool, myrtenol, and (E)-(-)-pinocarveol, the ketones (E)-pinocamphone and (Z)-pinocamphone, and the ester methyl salicylate. The major volatiles detected in healthy plants were β-pinene (36.26 %), α-pinene (23.81 %), D-limonene (12.03 %), sabinene (8.63 %), and β-myrcene (4.35 %). The main volatiles from M. ohbayashii primoriensis larva-infested plants were β-pinene (37.82 %), α-pinene (20.36 %), D-limonene (14.71 %), germacrene D (5.24 %), sabinene (4.52 %), and β-phellandrene (3.80 %). These results enrich our understanding of volatiles of healthy plants and plants infested with M. ohbayashii primoriensis. Furthermore, they provide a theoretical basis and scientific foundation for integrated pest management and for effective ecologically sustainable pest control strategies.Meliboeus ohbayashii primoriensis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) es una plaga importante del nogal Juglans regia (Juglandaceae), pero se desconocen los compuestos volátiles que median esta interacción planta-herbívoro. En este estudio, se obtuvieron los volátiles emitidos por plantas de J. regia tanto sanas como infestadas con M. ohbayashii primoriensis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), mediante un método de espacio de cabeza dinámico y se analizaron por cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (Shanxi, China). Se identificaron 26 compuestos principales y se comparó la composición volátil de J. regia sana e infectada con bupréstido. Se detectaron volátiles de hojas verdes en todas las plantas dañadas, incluidos los monoterpenoides β-felandreno y (E)-β-ocimeno, los sesquiterpenoides (-)-β-bourboneno, β-ylangeno y (E,E)-α-farnesano, los alcoholes linalool, mirtenol y (E)-(-)-pinocarveol, las cetonas (E)-pinocamfono y (Z)-pinocamfono, y el éster salicilato de metilo. Los principales volátiles detectados en plantas sanas fueron β-pineno (36,26 %), α-pineno (23,81 %), D-limoneno (12,03 %), sabineno (8,63 %) y β-mirceno (4,35 %). Los principales volátiles de las plantas infestadas de larvas de M. ohbayashii primoriensis fueron β-pineno (37,82 %), α-pineno (20,36 %), D-limoneno (14,71 %), germacreno D (5,24 %), sabineno (4,52 %), y β-felandreno (3,80 %). Estos resultados enriquecen nuestra comprensión de los volátiles de plantas sanas e infestadas con M. ohbayashii primoriensis. Además, proporcionan una base teórica y una científica para el manejo integrado de plagas y para estrategias efectivas, ecológicamente sostenibles, para el control de plagas

Farmland Transfer, Social Security, and Households’ Productive Investment: Based on China’s CFPS Survey

The willingness of farmers to transfer land on a big scale will be impacted when the rural social security system is not ideal, which will limit households’ productive investment. This paper investigated the intermediate effects of social security on farmland transfer and productive investment by using zero-inflated models based on 4703 samples across China. Here are the findings: (1) Farmland transfer does not significantly impact productive investment without considering social society. (2) With the improvement in social security, farmland transfer significantly affects fixed investment but is not the same as households’ current investment. (3) Under the social security constraints, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between farmland transfer and current investment. (4) The partial effect of farmland transfer on fixed investment is significantly positive, and it shows a trend of rising volatility. The government should re-examine the expected effects of the farmland transfer policy and focus on the farmers’ worries about the future. Meanwhile, it is necessary to comprehensively improve the social security system and improve the multi-dimensional survival ability of farmers to give full play to the critical role of farmland transfer in current investment

The Temporal-Spatial Pattern and Coupling Coordination of the Green Transition of Farmland Use: Evidence from Hubei Province

The green transition of farmland use is a future trend in China’s modern agriculture and green development. However, its research framework, including its evaluation system, temporal-spatial distribution, and driving mechanisms, has not been established in the existent literature. With the 17 cities in Hubei Province as an example, we evaluated the green transition of farmland use and explore the characteristics and driving mechanisms of the temporal and spatial evolution from 2000–2019. The findings were as follows: First, the green transition of farmland use in Hubei Province is in infancy, but it has great potential. Second, the growth rate of the green transition of farmland use has noticeable regional differences in the east, central, and western areas of the province. Third, the three dimensions of spatial transition, functional transition, and model transition in the green transition of farmland use have significant spatial differences in coupling and coordination, and decoupling is becoming increasingly prominent. Based on the research findings, we put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions

Deep Bottleneck Network based i-vector representation for Language Identification

This paper presents a unified i-vector framework for language identification (LID) based on deep bottleneck networks (DBN) trained for automatic speech recognition (ASR). The framework covers both front-end feature extraction and back-end modeling stages.The output from different layers of a DBN are exploited to improve the effectiveness of the i-vector representation through incorporating a mixture of acoustic and phonetic information. Furthermore, a universal model is derived from the DBN with a LID corpus. This is a somewhat inverse process to the GMM-UBM method, in which the GMM of each language is mapped from a GMM-UBM. Evaluations on specific dialect recognition tasks show that the DBN based i-vector can achieve significant and consistent performance gains over conventional GMM-UBM and DNN based i-vector methods. The generalization capability of this framework is also evaluated using DBNs trained on Mandarin and English corpuses. Index Terms: Language Identification, Deep Neural Network, Deep Bottleneck Feature, i-vector representatio

Association between estimated pulse wave velocity and in-hospital mortality of patients with acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort analysis of the MIMIC-IV database

AbstractBackground Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) has been found to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality and kidney injury, which can be estimated noninvasively. This study aimed to investigate the association between ePWV and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods This study included 5960 patients with AKI from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The low and high ePWV groups were compared using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve to evaluate the differences in survival status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to explore the association between ePWV and in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with AKI. To further examine the dose-response relationship, we used a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Stratification analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of ePWV on hospital mortality across various subgroups.Results Survival analysis indicated that patients with high ePWV had a lower survival rate than those with low ePWV. Following adjustment, high ePWV demonstrated a statistically significant association with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality among AKI patients (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.36-1.71, p < 0.001). Analysis using the RCS model confirmed a linear increase in the risk of hospital mortality as the ePWV values increased (P for nonlinearity = 0.602).Conclusions A high ePWV was significantly associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality among patients with AKI. Furthermore, ePWV was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in critically ill patients with AKI