Effects of Allelic Variation in Glutenin Subunits and Gliadins on Baking-Quality in Near-isogenic Lines of Common Wheat cv. Longmai 19

Two lines, L-19-613 and L-19-626, were produced from the common wheat cultivar Longmai 19 (L-19) by six consecutive backcrosses using biochemical marker-assisted selection. L-19 (Glu-D1a, Glu-A3c/Gli-A1?; Gli-A1? is a gene coding for unnamed gliadin) and L-19-613 (Glu-D1d, Glu-A3c/Gli-A1?) formed a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) for HMW-GS, while L-19-613 and L-19-626 (Glu-D1d, Glu-A3e/Gli-A1m) constituted another set of NILs for the LMW-GS/gliadins. The three L-19 NILs were grown in the wheat breeding nursery in 2007 and 2008. The field experiments were designed using the three-column contrast arrangement method with four replicates. The three lines were ranked as follows for measurements of gluten strength, which was determined by the gluten index, Zeleny sedimentation, the stability and breakdown time of the farinogram, the maximum resistance and area of the extensogram, and the P andWvalues of the alveogram: L-19-613 > L-19-626 > L-19. The parameters listed above were significantly different between lines at the 0.05 or 0.01 level. The Glu-D1 and Glu-A3/Gli-A1 loci had additive effects on the gluten index, Zeleny sedimentation, stability, breakdown time, maximum resistance, area, P and W values. Although genetic variation at the Glu-A3/Gli-A1 locus had a great influence on wheat quality, the genetic difference between Glu-D1d and Glu-D1a at the Glu-D1 locus was much larger than that of Glu-A3c/Gli-A1? and Glu-A3e/Gli-A1m at the Glu-A3/Gli-A1 locus. Glu-D1d had negative effects on the extensibility and the L value compared with Glu-D1a. In contrast, Glu-A3c/Gli-A1? had a positive effect on these traits compared with Glu-A3e/Gli-A1m

Respuestas del δ13C foliar y características foliares a la precipitación y temperatura en un ecosistema árido del noroeste de China

El δ13C foliar es ampliamente usado para explicar estrategias relacionadas con la disponibilidad de recursos en diferentes ambientes. Sin embargo, la respuesta conjunta del δ13C foliar a la precipitación y temperatura así como la relación entre el δ13C foliar y las características foliares no están claras. El δ13C foliar y su relación con las características foliares [tamaño de hoja (LS), longitud foliar (LL), ancho foliar (LW), relación entre la longitud y el ancho foliar (L:W), área foliar específica (SLA) y concentración de N foliar (en una base de peso seco) (Nmass)] fueron investigadas en la especie de arbusto dominante Nitraria tangutorum Bobr en la región árida (Dengkou y Minqin) del noroeste de China. El estudio se efectuó bajo condiciones de varias cantidades de precipitación simuladas (PGS) y temperaturas ambientales (TGS) en las estaciones de crecimiento de 2008, 2009 y 2010. Los resultados mostraron que LS, LW, LL, SLA y Nmass se incrementaron significativamente cuando las cantidades de PGS se incrementaron, pero hubo tendencias de reducción en dichas características cuando las TGS aumentaron. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las relaciones negativas entre las características foliares y las TGS no fueron obvias en Minqin. En ambos sitios, L:W se incrementó cuando las PGS y TGS aumentaron. Hubo un cambio en la relación negativa entre el δ13C foliar-PGS a través de Minqin y Dengkou, lo cual condujo a la falta de efectos de la precipitación en el δ13C foliar a través de ambos sitios, y mayor δ13C foliar a menor precipitación en Minqin. A través de Minqin y Dengkou, PGS solo pudo explicar un 14% de la variación en el δ13C foliar. La combinación de PGS y TGS pudo explicar un 64% de la variación en el δ13C foliar. Las características foliares (LW y L:W) mejoraron aún más la estimación del δ13C foliar. Las combinaciones de PGS, TGS, LW y L:W pudieron explicar un 84% de la variación en el δ13C foliar. Nuestro estudio demostró la importancia de las características foliares en explorar las respuestas del δ13C foliar a cambios globales en ecosistemas áridos.Leaf δ13C is widely used to explain plant strategies related to resource availability in different environments. To understand the coupled response of leaf δ13C to precipitation, temperature and the relationship between leaf δ13C and leaf traits in arid ecosystems, the leaf δ13C and leaf traits (leaf size (LS), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf length to width ratio (L:W), specific leaf area (SLA) and mass-based leaf nitrogen concentration (Nmass)) of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. under simulated increasing precipitation (PGS) and ambient temperature (TGS) in plant growing season from 2008 to 2010 and the relationships between leaf δ13C and leaf traits were investigated in the arid region (Dengkou and Minqin) of northwestern China. Our results showed that LS, LW, LL, SLA and Nmass significantly increased with increasing PGS, but had downward tendencies with increasing TGS although the majority of the negative relationships between leaf traits and TGS were not obvious in Minqin. At the two study sites, L:W increased simultaneously with increasing PGS and TGS. There was a shift in the negative leaf δ13C-PGS relationship across Minqin and Dengkou, which conduce to the lacking effect of precipitation on leaf δ13C across the two sites and higher leaf δ13C in lower precipitation fields in Minqin. Across Minqin and Dengkou, PGS could only explain 14% of the variation in leaf δ13C. The combinations of PGS and TGS could explain 64% of the variation in leaf δ13C. Leaf traits (LW and L:W) could be used to further improve the estimation of leaf δ13C. The combinations of PGS, TGS, LW and L:W could explain 84 % of the variation in leaf δ13C. Our study demonstrated the importance of leaf traits in exploring the responses of leaf δ13C to global changes in arid ecosystems.Fil: Xin, Z.M.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Institute of Desertification Studies; China. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Liu, M.H.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Lu, Q.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Institute of Desertification Studies; China. State Forestry Administration. Kumtag Desert Ecosystem Research Station; ChinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. State Forestry Administration. Kumtag Desert Ecosystem Research Station; ChinaFil: Zhu, Y.J.. State Forestry Administration. Kumtag Desert Ecosystem Research Station; China. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Institute of Desertification Studies; ChinaFil: Li, Z.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Huang, Y.R.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Li, X.L.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Luo, F.M.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Bao, F.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Institute of Desertification Studies; ChinaFil: Qian, J.Q.. Henan Agricultural University. College of Forestry; ChinaFil: Li, Y.H.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Institute of Desertification Studies; China. State Forestry Administration. Kumtag Desert Ecosystem Research Station; Chin

Formation of Nanopits in Si Capping Layers on SiGe Quantum Dots

In-situ annealing at a high temperature of 640°C was performed for a low temperature grown Si capping layer, which was grown at 300°C on SiGe self-assembled quantum dots with a thickness of 50 nm. Square nanopits, with a depth of about 8 nm and boundaries along 〈110〉, are formed in the Si capping layer after annealing. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy observation shows that each nanopit is located right over one dot with one to one correspondence. The detailed migration of Si atoms for the nanopit formation is revealed by in-situ annealing at a low temperature of 540°C. The final well-defined profiles of the nanopits indicate that both strain energy and surface energy play roles during the nanopit formation, and the nanopits are stable at 640°C. A subsequent growth of Ge on the nanopit-patterned surface results in the formation of SiGe quantum dot molecules around the nanopits

Single Spin Asymmetry ANA_N in Polarized Proton-Proton Elastic Scattering at s=200\sqrt{s}=200 GeV

We report a high precision measurement of the transverse single spin asymmetry $A_N$ at the center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=200$ GeV in elastic proton-proton scattering by the STAR experiment at RHIC. The $A_N$ was measured in the four-momentum transfer squared $t$ range $0.003 \leqslant |t| \leqslant 0.035$ \GeVcSq, the region of a significant interference between the electromagnetic and hadronic scattering amplitudes. The measured values of $A_N$ and its $t$-dependence are consistent with a vanishing hadronic spin-flip amplitude, thus providing strong constraints on the ratio of the single spin-flip to the non-flip amplitudes. Since the hadronic amplitude is dominated by the Pomeron amplitude at this $\sqrt{s}$, we conclude that this measurement addresses the question about the presence of a hadronic spin flip due to the Pomeron exchange in polarized proton-proton elastic scattering.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Effect of event selection on jetlike correlation measurement in d+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV

AbstractDihadron correlations are analyzed in sNN=200 GeV d+Au collisions classified by forward charged particle multiplicity and zero-degree neutral energy in the Au-beam direction. It is found that the jetlike correlated yield increases with the event multiplicity. After taking into account this dependence, the non-jet contribution on the away side is minimal, leaving little room for a back-to-back ridge in these collisions

J/ψ polarization in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV in STAR

AbstractWe report on a polarization measurement of inclusive J/ψ mesons in the di-electron decay channel at mid-rapidity at 2<pT<6 GeV/c in p+p collisions at s=200 GeV. Data were taken with the STAR detector at RHIC. The J/ψ polarization measurement should help to distinguish between different models of the J/ψ production mechanism since they predict different pT dependences of the J/ψ polarization. In this analysis, J/ψ polarization is studied in the helicity frame. The polarization parameter λθ measured at RHIC becomes smaller towards high pT, indicating more longitudinal J/ψ polarization as pT increases. The result is compared with predictions of presently available models

Beam-energy Dependence Of Charge Balance Functions From Au + Au Collisions At Energies Available At The Bnl Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Balance functions have been measured in terms of relative pseudorapidity (Δη) for charged particle pairs at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider from Au + Au collisions at sNN=7.7GeV to 200 GeV using the STAR detector. These results are compared with balance functions measured at the CERN Large Hadron Collider from Pb + Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV by the ALICE Collaboration. The width of the balance function decreases as the collisions become more central and as the beam energy is increased. In contrast, the widths of the balance functions calculated using shuffled events show little dependence on centrality or beam energy and are larger than the observed widths. Balance function widths calculated using events generated by UrQMD are wider than the measured widths in central collisions and show little centrality dependence. The measured widths of the balance functions in central collisions are consistent with the delayed hadronization of a deconfined quark gluon plasma (QGP). The narrowing of the balance function in central collisions at sNN=7.7 GeV implies that a QGP is still being created at this relatively low energy. © 2016 American Physical Society.942CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian FederationMOE, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of ChinaMOST, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of ChinaNRF-2012004024, National Research FoundationNSF, National Stroke FoundationConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Precision Measurement of the Proton Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from Rigidity 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

A precise measurement of the proton flux in primary cosmic rays with rigidity (momentum/charge) from 1 GV to 1.8 TV is presented based on 300 million events. Knowledge of the rigidity dependence of the proton flux is important in understanding the origin, acceleration, and propagation of cosmic rays. We present the detailed variation with rigidity of the flux spectral index for the first time. The spectral index progressively hardens at high rigidities.</p

J/ψ Production At Low Pt In Au+au And Cu+cu Collisions At Snn =200 Gev With The Star Detector

The J/ψ pT spectrum and nuclear modification factor (RAA) are reported for pT<5GeV/c and |y|<1 from 0% to 60% central Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=200GeV at STAR. A significant suppression of pT-integrated J/ψ production is observed in central Au+Au events. The Cu+Cu data are consistent with no suppression, although the precision is limited by the available statistics. RAA in Au+Au collisions exhibits a strong suppression at low transverse momentum and gradually increases with pT. The data are compared to high-pT STAR results and previously published BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider results. 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Dielectron Azimuthal Anisotropy At Mid-rapidity In Au+au Collisions At Snn =200 Gev

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