307 research outputs found
Enumeration of bilaterally symmetric 3-noncrossing partitions
Schutzenberger's theorem for the ordinary RSK correspondence naturally
extends to Chen et. al's correspondence for matchings and partitions. Thus the
counting of bilaterally symmetric -noncrossing partitions naturally arises
as an analogue for involutions. In obtaining the analogous result for
3-noncrossing partitions, we use a different technique to develop a Maple
package for 2-dimensional vacillating lattice walk enumeration problems. The
package also applies to the hesitating case. As applications, we find several
interesting relations for some special bilaterally symmetric partitions.Comment: 22 page
Respuestas del δ13C foliar y características foliares a la precipitación y temperatura en un ecosistema árido del noroeste de China
El δ13C foliar es ampliamente usado para explicar estrategias relacionadas con la disponibilidad de recursos en diferentes ambientes. Sin embargo, la respuesta conjunta del δ13C foliar a la precipitación y temperatura así como la relación entre el δ13C foliar y las características foliares no están claras. El δ13C foliar y su relación con las características foliares [tamaño de hoja (LS), longitud foliar (LL), ancho foliar (LW), relación entre la longitud y el ancho foliar (L:W), área foliar específica (SLA) y concentración de N foliar (en una base de peso seco) (Nmass)] fueron investigadas en la especie de arbusto dominante Nitraria tangutorum Bobr en la región árida (Dengkou y Minqin) del noroeste de China. El estudio se efectuó bajo condiciones de varias cantidades de precipitación simuladas (PGS) y temperaturas ambientales (TGS) en las estaciones de crecimiento de 2008, 2009 y 2010. Los resultados mostraron que LS, LW, LL, SLA y Nmass se incrementaron significativamente cuando las cantidades de PGS se incrementaron, pero hubo tendencias de reducción en dichas características cuando las TGS aumentaron. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las relaciones negativas entre las características foliares y las TGS no fueron obvias en Minqin. En ambos sitios, L:W se incrementó cuando las PGS y TGS aumentaron. Hubo un cambio en la relación negativa entre el δ13C foliar-PGS a través de Minqin y Dengkou, lo cual condujo a la falta de efectos de la precipitación en el δ13C foliar a través de ambos sitios, y mayor δ13C foliar a menor precipitación en Minqin. A través de Minqin y Dengkou, PGS solo pudo explicar un 14% de la variación en el δ13C foliar. La combinación de PGS y TGS pudo explicar un 64% de la variación en el δ13C foliar. Las características foliares (LW y L:W) mejoraron aún más la estimación del δ13C foliar. Las combinaciones de PGS, TGS, LW y L:W pudieron explicar un 84% de la variación en el δ13C foliar. Nuestro estudio demostró la importancia de las características foliares en explorar las respuestas del δ13C foliar a cambios globales en ecosistemas áridos.Leaf δ13C is widely used to explain plant strategies related to resource availability in different environments. To understand the coupled response of leaf δ13C to precipitation, temperature and the relationship between leaf δ13C and leaf traits in arid ecosystems, the leaf δ13C and leaf traits (leaf size (LS), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf length to width ratio (L:W), specific leaf area (SLA) and mass-based leaf nitrogen concentration (Nmass)) of Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. under simulated increasing precipitation (PGS) and ambient temperature (TGS) in plant growing season from 2008 to 2010 and the relationships between leaf δ13C and leaf traits were investigated in the arid region (Dengkou and Minqin) of northwestern China. Our results showed that LS, LW, LL, SLA and Nmass significantly increased with increasing PGS, but had downward tendencies with increasing TGS although the majority of the negative relationships between leaf traits and TGS were not obvious in Minqin. At the two study sites, L:W increased simultaneously with increasing PGS and TGS. There was a shift in the negative leaf δ13C-PGS relationship across Minqin and Dengkou, which conduce to the lacking effect of precipitation on leaf δ13C across the two sites and higher leaf δ13C in lower precipitation fields in Minqin. Across Minqin and Dengkou, PGS could only explain 14% of the variation in leaf δ13C. The combinations of PGS and TGS could explain 64% of the variation in leaf δ13C. Leaf traits (LW and L:W) could be used to further improve the estimation of leaf δ13C. The combinations of PGS, TGS, LW and L:W could explain 84 % of the variation in leaf δ13C. Our study demonstrated the importance of leaf traits in exploring the responses of leaf δ13C to global changes in arid ecosystems.Fil: Xin, Z.M.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Institute of Desertification Studies; China. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Liu, M.H.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Lu, Q.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Institute of Desertification Studies; China. State Forestry Administration. Kumtag Desert Ecosystem Research Station; ChinaFil: Busso, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. State Forestry Administration. Kumtag Desert Ecosystem Research Station; ChinaFil: Zhu, Y.J.. State Forestry Administration. Kumtag Desert Ecosystem Research Station; China. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Institute of Desertification Studies; ChinaFil: Li, Z.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Huang, Y.R.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Li, X.L.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Luo, F.M.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Experimental Center of Desert Forestry; ChinaFil: Bao, F.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Institute of Desertification Studies; ChinaFil: Qian, J.Q.. Henan Agricultural University. College of Forestry; ChinaFil: Li, Y.H.. Chinese Academy of Forestry. Institute of Desertification Studies; China. State Forestry Administration. Kumtag Desert Ecosystem Research Station; Chin
Doping dependence of the resonance peak and incommensuration in high- superconductors
The doping and frequency evolutions of the incommensurate spin response and
the resonance mode are studied based on the scenario of the Fermi surface
topology. We use the slave-boson mean-field approach to the
model and including the antiferromagnetic fluctuation correction in the
random-phase approximation. We find that the equality between the
incommensurability and the hole concentration is reproduced at low frequencies
in the underdoped regime. This equality observed in experiments was explained
{\it only} based on the stripe model before. We also obtain the downward
dispersion for the spin response and predict its doping dependence for further
experimental testing, as well as a proportionality between the low-energy
incommensurability and the resonance energy. Our results suggest a common
origin for the incommensuration and the resonance peak based on the Fermi
surface topology and the d-wave symmetry.Comment: 5 pages, 4 PS figure
A Ordem de Cristo no contexto de uma economia de mercês. Critérios de provimento de cargos e ofícios nos séculos XVII e XVIII: o caso da capitania do Espírito Santo
Neste trabalho, partimos do conceito original de ordem religioso-militar e
dissertamos sobre a história da Ordem de Cristo, a qual identificamos e
descrevemos as origens medievais como ordem religioso-militar e a sua criação ou fundação por necessidade estratégica da monarquia portuguesa para proteger e manter o patrimônio templário no território português. Seguimos para a descrição de um panorama do Brasil colonial inserido no Império ultramarino português, as suas estruturas e práticas político-administrativas com ênfase no sistema de capitanias hereditárias e do governo-geral criados pela monarquia portuguesa. Apresentamos a discussão da dualidade MetrópoleColônia e a busca do controle político e administrativo periférico pelo centro do poder português. Em continuação, abordamos a consolidação de uma economia de mercês, que atuava na seleção de servidores para a burocracia no reino e nas conquistas ultramarinas
portuguesas. Assim, na época moderna desenha-se um novo modelo de cavaleiro das ordens militares que se definia como servidor destacado do rei, limpo de sangue e com cabedal que lhe permitisse não sujar as mãos com trabalho e então o interesse nas ordens militares, em particular pelo hábito da Ordem de Cristo, generaliza-se por toda a sociedade portuguesa. Concluindo o trabalho, caracterizamos a formação da capitania do Espírito Santo e a partir de fontes manuscritas e impressas que abarcam os séculos XVII e XVIII dissertamos sobre as inflexões de uma economia de mercês que se consolidava e sobre a presença da Ordem de Cristo em um contexto regional de provimento de cargos e ofícios na capitania do Espírito Santo
Direct Measurements of the Branching Fractions for and and Determinations of the Form Factors and
The absolute branching fractions for the decays and
are determined using singly
tagged sample from the data collected around 3.773 GeV with the
BES-II detector at the BEPC. In the system recoiling against the singly tagged
meson, events for and events for decays are observed. Those yield
the absolute branching fractions to be and . The
vector form factors are determined to be
and . The ratio of the two form
factors is measured to be .Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
The pole in
Using a sample of 58 million events recorded in the BESII detector,
the decay is studied. There are conspicuous
and signals. At low mass, a large
broad peak due to the is observed, and its pole position is determined
to be - MeV from the mean of six analyses.
The errors are dominated by the systematic errors.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PL
Search for the Lepton Flavor Violation Processes and
The lepton flavor violation processes and are
searched for using a sample of 5.8 events collected with
the BESII detector. Zero and one candidate events, consistent with the
estimated background, are observed in and
decays, respectively. Upper limits on the branching ratios are determined to be
and at the 90% confidence level (C.L.).Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
Observation of the decay \psip\rar\kstark
Using 14 million events collected with the BESII detector,
branching fractions of \psip\rar\kstarkpm and \kstarknn are determined to
be: \calB(\psip\rar\kstarkpm)=(2.9^{+1.3}_{-1.7}\pm0.4)\times 10^{-5} and
\calB(\psip\rar\kstarknn)=(13.3^{+2.4}_{-2.7}\pm1.9)\times 10^{-5}. The
results confirm the violation of the "12%" rule for these two decay channels
with higher precision. A large isospin violation between the charged and
neutral modes is observed.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Quantifying atmospheric nitrogen deposition through a nationwide monitoring network across China
A Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN) containing 43 monitoring sites was established in China to measure gaseous NH3, NO2, and HNO3 and particulate NH4+ and NO3− in air and/or precipitation from 2010 to 2014. Wet/bulk deposition fluxes of Nr species were collected by precipitation gauge method and measured by continuous-flow analyzer; dry deposition fluxes were estimated using airborne concentration measurements and inferential models. Our observations reveal large spatial variations of atmospheric Nr concentrations and dry and wet/bulk Nr deposition. On a national basis, the annual average concentrations (1.3–47.0 μg N m−3) and dry plus wet/bulk deposition fluxes (2.9–83.3 kg N ha−1 yr−1) of inorganic Nr species are ranked by land use as urban > rural > background sites and by regions as north China > southeast China > southwest China > northeast China > northwest China > Tibetan Plateau, reflecting the impact of anthropogenic Nr emission. Average dry and wet/bulk N deposition fluxes were 20.6 ± 11.2 (mean ± standard deviation) and 19.3 ± 9.2 kg N ha−1 yr−1 across China, with reduced N deposition dominating both dry and wet/bulk deposition. Our results suggest atmospheric dry N deposition is equally important to wet/bulk N deposition at the national scale. Therefore, both deposition forms should be included when considering the impacts of N deposition on environment and ecosystem health
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