New concept and design of electronically controlled cylinder lubrication system for large two-stroke marine diesel engines

Lubrication of cylinders between liners and rings is one of the crucial factors that affects the efficient operation of diesel engines. Marine diesel engines usually use inferior heavy fuel oil with high sulphur content, and the acidic substances formed by fuel combustion need alkaline cylinder oil to neutralize. For the operational cost to a marine engine, besides fuel oil, cylinder oil also takes a big share. This article first analyses the advantages and disadvantages of existing cylinder lubrication systems with regard to oil injection control. Second, the control parameters and variables such as the oil injection pressure, timing, oil feed rate and reliability are analysed, and the corresponding control schemes formulated. Third, the control strategies are developed in detail. Finally, verification tests are carried out on an actual engine, with the results showing that the control strategies developed in this article provide a stable, cost-effective, creative and excellent solution for cylinder lubrication with reduced cylinder wear. A thin and uniform oil film distribution is retained on the liner surface, with savings in cylinder oil consumption, lower particulate matter emission levels and improved cylinder liner and piston rings running conditions. The experimental results show that the oil consumption could be reduced by up to 5

Design and experimental development of a new electronically controlled cylinder lubrication system for the large two-stroke crosshead diesel engines

Accurate, stable and reliable lubrication for the cylinders is very important to ensure the trouble-free operation of the marine diesel engines. A new electronically controlled cylinder lubrication system has been developed to remedy the defects of the conventional mechanical lubrication system. This new system’s design method, composition and implementation are described. The sensitivity tests are conducted on the test bench and the verification tests are also fulfilled on operating vessels. The main performance data are as follows: oil injection pressure about 3.0 MPa, oil injection timing precision 0.1 ms, oil injection duration 15 °CA or less. The oil injection concentrates onto the piston rings pack to ensure the good lubrication and neutralization, and the oil injection frequency is regulated according to engine load, the sulphur content in fuel, total base number of cylinder oil, cylinder liner running-in condition and so on. This results in the cylinder oil consumption rate falling approximately 25% compared with that of the conventional mechanical lubrication system. As a retrofit on vessels in service, the lubrication system has been fitted more than 120 main engines and has a payback period of less than 2 years

Efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine injections in combination with docetaxel and cisplatin for non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) poses a serious threat to human health. Several clinical studies have reported the benefits of Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) in combination with docetaxel and cisplatin (DP). This multidimensional network meta-analysis aimed to investigate the preferred regimen of CHIs in combination with DP for the treatment of NSCLC.Methods: Multiple databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CHIs for NSCLC from the database inception to 30 April 2023. Studies that met the inclusion criteria and exhibited good methodological quality were included. Data analysis was conducted using Stata 15.0 and R 4.2.1 software. An odds ratio (OR) was used as the effect size, and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SCURA) was employed to rank the evaluated treatments.Results: The network meta-analysis included 85 eligible RCTs, encompassing 6,580 patients and 11 CHIs. Astragalus Injection combined with DP was identified as the most effective regimen for improving the response rate (SUCRAs: 90.25%). Brucea Javanica Oil Milk Injection combined with DP proved most effective in ameliorating the quality of life (SUCRAs: 76.89%). Shenfu Injection combined with DP emerged as the most effective for enhancing CD3+ and CD4+ (SUCRAs: 93.75%, 88.50%). Kanglaite Injection combined with DP exhibited the best efficacy in improving CD8+ (SUCRAs: 88.96%). Brucea Javanica Oil Milk Injection combined with DP was the most potent regimen for enhancing CD4+/CD8+ (SUCRAs: 93.13%).Conclusion: CHIs in combination with DP outperformed DP alone in NSCLC patients. Astragalus Injection plus DP, Brucea Javanica Oil Milk Injection plus DP, Shenfu Injection plus DP, Kanglaite Injection plus DP, and Brucea Javanica Oil Milk Injection plus DP were significantly effective. However, further multicenter and well-designed RCTs are required to validate our findings

Transfer Learning-Based Fault Diagnosis Method for Marine Turbochargers

To address the issues of the high cost of marine turbocharger fault simulation testing and the difficulties in obtaining fault sample data, a multi-body dynamics model of a marine turbocharger was developed. The simulation approach was used to acquire the turbocharger vibration signals. The result shows that the amplitude of the 1× vibration signal power spectrum drops as the bearing surface roughness increases. However, the amplitude of the 2× and 9× vibration signal power spectra increases as the roughness increases. The TrAdaBoost transfer learning method is used to develop a marine turbocharger diagnosis model. The validation results of 2040 simulated fault samples reveal that when the desired sample number is 20, the diagnostic model has an accuracy of 87%. When the desired number of samples is 40, the diagnostic model’s accuracy is 96%. The diagnosis model may perform diagnosis information transfer between the actual turbocharger and the simulation model

A New Biomarkers Feature Pattern Consisting of TNF- α

Objective. To explore new diagnostic patterns for syndromes to overcome the insufficiency of obtainable macrocharacteristics and specific biomarkers. Methods. Chinese miniswines were subjected to Ameroid constrictor, placed around the proximal left anterior descending branch. On the 4th week, macrocharacteristics, coronary angiography, echocardiography, and hemorheology indices were detected for diagnosis. IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and hsCRP in serum were detected, and Decision Tree was built. Results. According to current official-issued standard, model animals matched the diagnosis of blood stasis syndrome with myocardial ischemia based on findings, including >90% occlusion, attenuated left ventricular segmental motion, dark red or purple tongues, and higher blood viscosity. Significant decrease of IL-10 and increase of TNF-α were found in model animals. However, in the Decision Tree, besides IL-10 and TNF-α, IL-8 helped to increase the accuracy of classification to 86%. Conclusions. The Decision Tree building with TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-8 is helpful for the diagnosis of blood stasis syndrome in myocardial ischemia animals. What is more is that our data set up a new path to the differentiation of syndrome by feature patterns consisting of multiple biomarkers not only for animals but also for patients. We believe that it will contribute to the standardization and international application of syndromes

The Active Ingredients of Jiang-Zhi-Ning: Study of the Nelumbo nucifera Alkaloids and Their Main Bioactive Metabolites

The object of this study was to identify the major active ingredients of the Chinese Traditional Medicine Jiang-Zhi-Ning (JZN) based on the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles of plasma samples obtained from beagle dogs at different times after intragastric administration of JZN, crude JZN extracts, different extracted fractions, different subfractions of the active fraction and different isolated ingredients. 2-Hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphin (<strong>2H1M</strong>), an alkaloid from Nelumbo nucifera, one of the herbs that make up JZN, was identified as the constituent showing the major pharmacodynamic effect. The major metabolites of <strong>2H1M</strong> were analyzed and identified as N-demethyl-2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine-2-O-glycuronic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-aporphine-2-O-glycuronic acid and 2-hydroxy-1-methoxy-aporphine-2-O-sulphate. This study provided a comprehensive insight into the active components of JZN