Diffusion of False Information During Public Crises: Analysis Based on the Cellular Automaton Method

The progress of false information diffusion in the public crisis is harmful to the society. When the public crisis occurs, the public respond in different ways and the public also want to tell others what they think right. But what they think is right is not recognized by the government. Thus the false information forms and it begins to diffuse. As the false information spreads, the harm to society magnifies gradually. Particularly in network society, false information diffusion can easily cause secondary hazards and accelerate public crises to a devastating degree. Thus intervening and controlling the false information diffusion is an important aspect of the public crisis management. From the perspective of the social network theory, this study analyzes the progress of false information diffusion in terms of different public crisis management strategies and presents the result of false information diffusion through simulation on cellular automaton of different public crisis management strategies. In simulations on cellular automaton, interventions are also carried to control false information diffusion and alternatives are proposed to help reduce public crises. This study also extends the theory of false information management, which is significant for the government to improve the ability to evaluate the false information and carry out interventions effectively to control the false information when it begins to diffuse

Analisis Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 23 Atas Jasa Freight Forwarding Pada PT Armarda Samudera Samarinda

Penelitian ini akan dibahas mengingat kegiatan Jasa Freight Forwarding yang dilakukan oleh PT. Armada Samudera Raya merupakan objek PPh Pasal 23 yang harus dilakukan perhitungan, pemotongan, penyetoran dan pelaporan di kantor pajak yang terdekat. Dalam menjalankan USAha jasa Freight Forwarding pada PT. Armada Samudera menggunakan pihak ketiga atau sistem Reimbursement. Mengetahui perhitungan dan pemotongan PPh pasal 23 atas jasa Freight Forwarding yang termasuk jenis jasa lain, dasar pengenaan objek pemotongan PPh 23 sebesar 2 % dari jumlah bruto (Penghasilan).Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah “Apakah pemotongan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Pasal 23 atas jasa freight forwarding pada PT. Armada Samudera Raya telah sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan 141/PMK.03/2015 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008?”. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah perhitungan PPh berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 141/pmk.03/2015 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1983 tentang Pajak Penghasilan yang telah diubah terakhir dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 mewajibkan setiap Perusahaan sebagai wajib pajak untuk melakukan pemotongan PPh 23 sebesar 2 % dari jumlah bruto (Penghasilan) dan membadingkannya dengan perhitungan Perusahaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Hipotesis diterima apabila pemotongan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Pasal 23 atas jasa freight forwarding pada PT. Armada Samudera Raya belum sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan 141/PMK.03/2015 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 dan sebaliknya Hipotesis ditolak apabila pemotongan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Pasal 23 atas jasa freight forwarding pada PT. Armada Samudera Raya sudah sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Keuangan 141/PMK.03/2015 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008

Plant biomass allocation and driving factors of grassland revegetation in a Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau chronosequence

Biomass allocation is a key factor in understanding how ecosystems respond to changing environmental conditions. The role of soil chemistry in the above- and belowground plant biomass allocation in restoring grassland is still incompletely characterized. Consequently, it has led to two competing hypotheses for biomass allocation: optimal partitioning, where the plants allocate biomass preferentially to optimize resource use; and the isometric hypothesis, which postulates that biomass allocation between roots and shoots is fixed. Here we tested these hypotheses over a chronosequence of alpine grasslandsion undergoing restoration in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, these range from severely degraded to those with 18 years of revegetation with an intact grassland (as a reference). A high proportion of biomass was allocated to the roots in the revegetated grasslands, and more biomass to shoots in the degraded and intact grasslands. The grasslands gradually decreased their root to shoot ratio as revegetation continued, with the lowest value in year 18 of revegetation. Our results showed that aboveground biomass (AGB) was increased by available phosphorus (P), soil moisture, and negatively related to bulk density, while belowground biomass (BGB) was positively impacted by total P and negatively by nitrate nitrogen (N). The trade-off between them was positively associated with available P and nitrate-N, and soil nutrient availability is more linked to increased AGB relative to BGB. Our study indicates that biomass allocation is highly variable during the revegetation period from degraded grassland, and is linked with soil properties, thus supporting the optimal partitioning hypothesis.</p

Integrated glycomic analysis of ovarian cancer side population cells

Additional file 2. The category of representative lectins for glycan profiling

Battery Production Systems: State of the Art and Future Developments

This paper discusses the state of the art in battery production research, focusing on high-importance topics to address industrial needs and sustainability goals in this rapidly growing field. We first present current research around three themes: human-centred production, smart production management, and sustainable manufacturing value chains. For each theme, key subtopics are explored to potentially transform battery value chains and shift to more sustainable production models. Such systemic transformations are supported by technological advances to enable superior manufacturing performance through: skills and competence development, improved production ergonomics and human factors, automation and human-robot collaboration, smart production planning and control, smart maintenance, data-driven solutions for production quality and its impact on battery performance (operational efficiency and durability), circular battery systems supported by service-based business models, more integrated and digitalized value chains, and increased industrial resilience. Each subtopic is discussed to suggest directions for further research to realise the full potential of digitalization for sustainable battery production

Dephosphorylated Polymerase I and Transcript Release Factor Prevents Allergic Asthma Exacerbations by Limiting IL-33 Release

BackgroundAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). IL-33 is considered as one of the most critical molecules in asthma pathogenesis. IL-33 is stored in nucleus and passively released during necrosis. But little is known about whether living cells can release IL-33 and how this process is regulated.ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the role of polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) in IL-33 release and asthma pathogenesis.MethodsOvalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model in PTRF+/− mice were employed to dissect the role of PTRF in vivo. Then, further in vitro experiments were carried out to unwind the potential mechanism involved.ResultsIn OVA asthma model with challenge phase, PTRF+/− mice showed a greater airway hyper-reaction, with an intense airway inflammation and more eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Consistently, more acute type 2 immune response in lung and a higher IL-33 level in BALF were found in PTRF+/− mice. In OVA asthma model without challenge phase, airway inflammation and local type 2 immune responses were comparable between control mice and PTRF+/− mice. Knockdown of PTRF in 16HBE led to a significantly increased level of IL-33 in cell culture supernatants in response to LPS or HDM. Immunoprecipitation assay clarified Y158 as the major phosphorylation site of PTRF, which was also critical for the interaction of IL-33 and PTRF. Overexpression of dephosphorylated mutant Y158F of PTRF sequestered IL-33 in nucleus together with PTRF and limited IL-33 extracellular secretion.ConclusionPartial loss of PTRF led to a greater AHR and potent type 2 immune responses during challenge phase of asthma model, without influencing the sensitization phase. PTRF phosphorylation status determined subcellular location of PTRF and, therefore, regulated IL-33 release

Distinct Genotype of Hantavirus Infection in Rodents in Jiangxi Province, China, in 2020–2021

Hantavirus causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, thus posing a major threat to human health in Jiangxi Province, China. Both Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Seoul virus (SEOV) have been found to be endemic in the province. Rodents were trapped from Gaoan Anyi and Tonggu counties in Jiangxi Province in 2020–2021. Hantavirus specific antibodies in the blood and RNA in the lung samples from the captured mammals were detected and analyzed. A total of 889 small mammals from seven species were collected. Positive detection was observed for hantavirus antibodies in 9.8% (87/889), SEOV RNA in 1% (9/889) and HTNV RNA in 2.6% (23/889). The difference in detection rates between regions was significant. Phylogenetic analysis of the obtained partial sequences of M and S segments revealed that two distinct genotypes of HTNV and three genotypes of SEOV were co-circulating in the captured mammals, with a regionally specific distribution. Multiple distinct genotypes of hantavirus are co-circulating in the province. Further studies in broader areas remain needed to reveal the diversity of hantaviruses

Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of prandial oral insulin (N11005) in healthy subjects

AimsTo verify whether the oral insulin N11005 is administered as a prandial insulin by assessing the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety profiles of N11005 with a short-acting biosynthetic human insulin (Novolin R) as reference.MethodsThis was a randomized, open-label, single-dose, crossover hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study in healthy Chinese male subjects. A total of 12 subjects were enrolled in the test (T) group (N11005, 300 IU, p.o.) and the reference (R) group (Novolin R, 0.1 IU/Kg, i.h.) with a washout period of 14 days. All subjects were administered on the same day of the clamp study. Glucose Infusion Rates (GIR), serum insulin, and C-peptide concentration were determined during every 8-hour clamp cycle. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT04975022.ResultsAfter administration, the ratios of mean serum C-peptide concentration to baseline concentration in both T and R groups were lower than 50%, which confirmed the stability of the clamp platform. T group (N11005) showed a more rapid onset of action (tGIR10%max≈11 min) and a comparable duration of action to the R group, which was basically in line with the characteristics of prandial insulins. No adverse events (AEs) occurred throughout the study, which demonstrated that N11005 and Novolin R are safe and well-tolerated.ConclusionsThe PD profiles of the single-dose N11005 in the human body are similar to those of prandial insulins, with an excellent safety profile.Clinical trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04975022