Development of European Small and Medium Sized Enterprises for Reference in China

The small and medium sized enterprises which are predominantly economic superior in the European small countries mainly produce, process, import and export advanced technical products with high added value and scientific content. They facilitate the development of the economy through technical creation, which is also benefited from the highly efficient economy system established cooperatively by government, bank, and non-government organizations. The experience in Europe provides instructive reference for the development of middle and small sized enterprises in China. Key words: small and medium sized enterprises; economy with high efficiency; reference Résumé: Le nombre des PME occupe une place prépondérante dans l’économie européenne. La plupart d’entre elles se spécialisent dans la production, dans la transformation et dans l'importation et l'exportation des produits de haute valeur ajoutée, ou de haute technologie. Elles s'appuient sur l'innovation technologique afin de promouvoir le développement économique. Une économie efficace fondée sur la base d’une coopération étroite entre le gouvernement, les banques, les organisations non gouvernementales a jouéégalement un rôle très important. Le succès de l'expérience européenne est une référence utile pour le développement des PME en Chine. Mots-clés: PME; économie efficace; références 摘 要：歐洲小國經濟中數量占絕對優勢的中小企業以生產、加工和進出口附加值高、科技含量大的高新技術產 品為主，並依靠技術創新推動經濟發展，政府、銀行、非政府機構密切合作建立起的高效率經濟也起了極大的促 進作用。歐洲的成功經驗給中國中小企業發展提供了有益借鑒。 關鍵詞： 中小企業；高效率經濟；借

Research on Electromagnetic Excitation Resonant Sensor Based on Microelectromechanical System

In this paper, an electromagnetic excitation resonant sensor was designed based on Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. In this new sensor, four nc-Si/c-Si heterojunction p-MOSFETs are manufactured by using the technique of MEMS on the N-type orientation high resistance silicon wafer, and a Wheatstone bridge is composed of four nc-Si/c-Si heterojunction MOSFETs channel resistances, output voltage of the bridge circuit changes according to the applied pressure. A vibration will be generated when an alternating current is applied to the inductance coil of electromagnetic excitation resonant sensor, the maximum power produced in the central part of the four edges of silicon membrane, whose frequency and amplitude are associated with the current in the inductance coil, and the applied pressure P can be detected. Using mechanics and electromagnetism coupling field analysis by Ansys software, the simulation to vibration situation of the silicon membrane of sensor was carried on when vertical magnetic field and alternating current were loaded. Experimental results show that, as the operating voltage is constant, with the increase of current in the inductance coil the conversion of applied pressure increases, and the output voltage of nc-Si/c-Si heterojunction MOSFETs pressure sensor is proportional to the increase of coil magnetic field i.e. the increase of pressure, the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results

The Investigation of Volkswagen's Entry Strategy in China's Car Market

China is one of the most attractive investment destinations for the world investors, now almost all the world car-manufacturing giants have launched their factories in this country, making huge efforts to explore their market share. And it has one of the world's largest car markets, in the past few years sales have grown forty to sixty percent annually. The favorable macro-environment and policy environment has enabled China's car industry grew fast and steadily. Volkswagen (hereafter VW) is one of the earliest investors and the biggest foreign car maker in China, its entry and development strategy is very successful, now it controls over 30% of the China's car market. This piece of study analyses the international strategy of VW, and focuses on its investment strategy in China, particular attention was paid on its selection of entry modes when it entered Chinese market, the objective was to find out which particular modes did VW use to enter Chinese market and what are the rationales behind such choice. It was found that it is the macro environment (political, economic, social and technological) and micro environment (threat from five forces) of China lends itself to a particular entry mode: joint venture. It also presented the challenges and directions of the company in its future development in Chin

An MRI Study of Symptomatic Adhesive Capsulitis

Background: Appilication of MR imaging to diagnose Adhesive Capsulitis (AC) has previously been described. However, there is insufficient information available for the MRI analysis of AC. This study is to describe and evaluate the pathomorphology of the shoulder in Asian patients with AC compared to healthy volunteers. Methodology/Principal Findings: 60 Asian patients with clinically diagnosed AC and 60 healthy volunteers without frozen shoulder underwent MRI of the shoulder joint. All subjects who were age- and sex-matched control ones underwent routine MRI scans of the affected shoulder, including axial, oblique coronal, oblique sagittal T1WI SE and coronal oblique T2WI FSE sequences. Significant abnormal findings were observed on MRI, especially at the rotator cuff interval. The coracohumeral ligament (CHL), articular capsule thickness in the rotator cuff interval as well as the fat space under coracoid process were evaluated. MRI showed that patients with adhesive capsulitis had a significantly thickened coracohumeral ligament and articular capsule in the rotator cuff interval compared to the control subjects (4.2 vs. 2.4 mm, 7.2 vs. 4.4 mm; p<0.05). Partial or complete obliteration of the subcoracoid fat triangle was significantly more frequent in patients with adhesive capsulitis compared with control subjects (73% vs. 13%, 26% vs. 1.6%; p<0.001). Synovitis-like abnormality around the long biceps tendon was significantly more common in patients with adhesive capsulitis than in control subjects. With regards to the inter-observer variability, two MR radiologists had an excellent kappa value of 0.86. Conclusions/Significance: MRI can be used to show characteristic findings in diagnosing AC. Thickening of the CHL and the capsule at the rotator cuff interval and complete obliteration of the fat triangle under the coracoid process have been shown to be the most characteristic MR findings seen with AC

Modeling Occasion Evolution in Frequency Domain for Promotion-Aware Click-Through Rate Prediction

Promotions are becoming more important and prevalent in e-commerce to attract customers and boost sales, leading to frequent changes of occasions, which drives users to behave differently. In such situations, most existing Click-Through Rate (CTR) models can't generalize well to online serving due to distribution uncertainty of the upcoming occasion. In this paper, we propose a novel CTR model named MOEF for recommendations under frequent changes of occasions. Firstly, we design a time series that consists of occasion signals generated from the online business scenario. Since occasion signals are more discriminative in the frequency domain, we apply Fourier Transformation to sliding time windows upon the time series, obtaining a sequence of frequency spectrum which is then processed by Occasion Evolution Layer (OEL). In this way, a high-order occasion representation can be learned to handle the online distribution uncertainty. Moreover, we adopt multiple experts to learn feature representations from multiple aspects, which are guided by the occasion representation via an attention mechanism. Accordingly, a mixture of feature representations is obtained adaptively for different occasions to predict the final CTR. Experimental results on real-world datasets validate the superiority of MOEF and online A/B tests also show MOEF outperforms representative CTR models significantly