6,241 research outputs found
Endophytic Fungi of Bitter Melon \u3ci\u3e(Momordica Charantia)\u3c/i\u3e in Guangdong Province, China
Endophytic fungi can mutualistically interact with their host plants by deterring herbivores. Overall 1172 endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of bitter melon, Momordica charantia, at five sites in Guangdong Province. These isolates were identified to 25 genera using morphological and molecular characteristics. The endophyte communities at the five sites were similar. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Nigrospora spp., Penicillium spp., Arthrinium spp., Chaetimium spp., Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Phoma spp., and Phomopsis spp. were isolated from at least three of the five sites. The coefficient of similarity for endophytes ranged from 60.6% to 83.3% between any two sites. There were significant differences in the species composition of endophytes recovered from different tissues of bitter melon. Fusarium spp. was the most frequent in root and stem samples, Colletotrichum spp. in leaf samples, A. alternata in flower samples, and Cladosporium spp. in fruit samples. The coefficients of similarity for endophytes were between 42.9% and 80.0% from any two tissues. We found that the composition of endophytes of bitter melon was relatively stable across sites, but differed greatly among tissues. We also found that there were fewer insects such as aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae), leafminers (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), and cotton leafworms Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) collected from the leaves of bitter melon at the Huadu site compared to those collected at the Yunfu site. Whether this is related to the endophyte communities isolated from different sites requires further research
Progress of Enantioselective Nitrile Biotransformations in Organic Synthesis
Recent progress of enantioselective biotransformations of nitriles including various functionalized nitriles, ?-hydroxy and ?-amino nitriles, oxirane- and aziridine-containing carbonitriles is summarized in this short review article
2-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one
In the title compound, C15H13BrN2O, the pyrimidine ring adopts a skew boat conformation. The amino H atom forms an intermolecular hydrogen bond with the carbonyl O atom of an adjacent molecule, forming an inversion dimer. Another lone pair of electrons on the same carbonyl O atom acts as acceptor for another N—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bond with a neighbouring molecule, forming chains along the c axis
Hybrid mesons from anisotropic lattice QCD with the clover and improved gauge actions
We study hybrid mesons from the clover and improved gauge actions at
on the anisotropic lattice using our PC cluster. We
estimate the mass of light quark hybrid as well as the mass of the
charmonium hybrid. The improvement of both quark and gluonic actions, first
applied to the hybrid mesons, is shown to be more efficient in reducing the
lattice spacing and finite volume errors.Comment: Lattice2002 (spectrum
Capturing The Digital Dollar: How Religious Nonprofits Are Adopting Social Media for Adoption, Engagement, and Community
The objective of this thesis was to quantify the impact of religious, media-related nonprofit adoption rate, online presence, and online giving technology. Specifically, this thesis focuses on the nonprofits’ adoption, use, and interactivity on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube. This thesis study was rooted in Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory, and its constructs were used to best understand the adoption and impact of use within the religious nonprofit sector (Rogers, 2003). First, the researcher defined and evaluated the nonprofit’s active online presence, sophistication of technology integration, and impact of these findings. Second, the researcher quantitatively examined audience interactivity. Targeting a niche nonprofit group that has an understanding of online presence and content creation (religious, media-related nonprofits) significantly revealed that the extent of digital innovation and social media used was not dependent on the amount of revenue. This study provides the level of adoption of social media and online donation tools and audience interactivity that can assist nonprofits to efficiently invest their resources for a better return on investment on a digital, online scale
Stabilization of positive switched systems with time-varying delays under asynchronous switching
This paper investigates the state feedback stabilization problem for a class of positive switched systems with time-varying delays under asynchronous switching in the frameworks of continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics. The so-called asynchronous switching means that the switches between the candidate controllers and system modes are asynchronous. By constructing an appropriate co-positive type Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and further allowing the functional to increase during the running time of active subsystems, sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee the exponential stability of the resulting closed-loop systems, and the corresponding controller gain matrices and admissible switching signals are presented. Finally, two illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods
Exotic mesons from quantum chromodynamics with improved gluon and quark actions on the anisotropic lattice
Hybrid (exotic) mesons, which are important predictions of quantum
chromodynamics (QCD), are states of quarks and anti-quarks bound by excited
gluons. First principle lattice study of such states would help us understand
the role of ``dynamical'' color in low energy QCD and provide valuable
information for experimental search for these new particles. In this paper, we
apply both improved gluon and quark actions to the hybrid mesons, which might
be much more efficient than the previous works in reducing lattice spacing
error and finite volume effect. Quenched simulations were done at
and on a anisotropic lattice using our PC cluster. We
obtain MeV for the mass of the hybrid meson
in the light quark sector, and Mev in the
charm quark sector; the mass splitting between the hybrid meson in the charm quark sector and the spin averaged S-wave charmonium mass
is estimated to be MeV. As a byproduct, we obtain MeV for the mass of a P-wave or
meson and MeV for the mass of a P-wave meson, which are comparable to their experimental value 1426 MeV for the
meson. The first error is statistical, and the second one is
systematical. The mixing of the hybrid meson with a four quark state is also
discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures. Published versio
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Elevated expression of human bHLH factor ATOH7 accelerates cell cycle progression of progenitors and enhances production of avian retinal ganglion cells.
The production of vertebrate retinal projection neurons, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), is regulated by cell-intrinsic determinants and cell-to-cell signaling events. The basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein Atoh7 is a key neurogenic transcription factor required for RGC development. Here, we investigate whether manipulating human ATOH7 expression among uncommitted progenitors can promote RGC fate specification and thus be used as a strategy to enhance RGC genesis. Using the chicken retina as a model, we show that cell autonomous expression of ATOH7 is sufficient to induce precocious RGC formation and expansion of the neurogenic territory. ATOH7 overexpression among neurogenic progenitors significantly enhances RGC production at the expense of reducing the progenitor pool. Furthermore, forced expression of ATOH7 leads to a minor increase of cone photoreceptors. We provide evidence that elevating ATOH7 levels accelerates cell cycle progression from S to M phase and promotes cell cycle exit. We also show that ATOH7-induced ectopic RGCs often exhibit aberrant axonal projection patterns and are correlated with increased cell death during the period of retinotectal connections. These results demonstrate the high potency of human ATOH7 in promoting early retinogenesis and specifying the RGC differentiation program, thus providing insight for manipulating RGC production from stem cell-derived retinal organoids
Anion Recognition by Charge Neutral Electron-deficient Arene Receptors
Anion-? interactions are newly emerging non-covalent interactions and have attracted considerable attention from both theoreticians and supramolecular chemists. This short review article summarizes the recent advances in anion recognition using charge neutral electron-deficient aromatic
compounds
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