9 research outputs found
Severity of cardiomyopathy associated with adenine nucleotide translocator-1 deficiency correlates with mtDNA haplogroup
Mutations of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded mitochondrial proteins can cause cardiomyopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, the cardiac phenotype of nuclear DNA mitochondrial mutations might be modulated by mtDNA variation. We studied a 13-generation Mennonite pedigree with autosomal recessive myopathy and cardiomyopathy due to an SLC25A4 frameshift null mutation (c.523delC, p.Q175RfsX38), which codes for the heart-muscle isoform of the adenine nucleotide translocator-1. Ten homozygous null (adenine nucleotide translocator-1(-/-)) patients monitored over a median of 6 years had a phenotype of progressive myocardial thickening, hyperalaninemia, lactic acidosis, exercise intolerance, and persistent adrenergic activation. Electrocardiography and echocardiography with velocity vector imaging revealed abnormal contractile mechanics, myocardial repolarization abnormalities, and impaired left ventricular relaxation. End-stage heart disease was characterized by massive, symmetric, concentric cardiac hypertrophy; widespread cardiomyocyte degeneration; overabundant and structurally abnormal mitochondria; extensive subendocardial interstitial fibrosis; and marked hypertrophy of arteriolar smooth muscle. Substantial variability in the progression and severity of heart disease segregated with maternal lineage, and sequencing of mtDNA from five maternal lineages revealed two major European haplogroups, U and H. Patients with the haplogroup U mtDNAs had more rapid and severe cardiomyopathy than those with haplogroup H
De novo mutations in MED13, a component of the Mediator complex, are associated with a novel neurodevelopmental disorder
Genetics of disease, diagnosis and treatmen
Thymidine Analogs Are Transferred from Prelabeled Donor to Host Cells in the Central Nervous System After Transplantation: A Word of Caution
Thymidine analogs, including bromodeoxyuridine, chlorodeoxyuridine,
iododeoxyuridine, and tritiated thymidine, label
dividing cells by incorporating into DNA during S phase of cell
division and are widely employed to identify cells transplanted
into the central nervous system. However, the potential for
transfer of thymidine analogs from grafted cells to dividing
host cells has not been thoroughly tested. We here demonstrate
that graft-derived thymidine analogs can become incorporated
into host neural precursors and glia. Large numbers of labeled
neurons and glia were found 3–12 weeks after transplantation
of thymidine analog-labeled live stem cells, suggesting differentiation
of grafted cells. Remarkably, however, similar results
were obtained after transplantation of dead cells or labeled
fibroblasts. Our findings reveal for the first time that thymidine
analog labeling may not be a reliable means of identifying
transplanted cells, particularly in highly proliferative environments
such as the developing, neurogenic, or injured brain
Thymidine Analogs Are Transferred from Prelabeled Donor to Host Cells in the Central Nervous System After Transplantation: A Word of Caution
Thymidine analogs, including bromodeoxyuridine, chlorodeoxyuridine,
iododeoxyuridine, and tritiated thymidine, label
dividing cells by incorporating into DNA during S phase of cell
division and are widely employed to identify cells transplanted
into the central nervous system. However, the potential for
transfer of thymidine analogs from grafted cells to dividing
host cells has not been thoroughly tested. We here demonstrate
that graft-derived thymidine analogs can become incorporated
into host neural precursors and glia. Large numbers of labeled
neurons and glia were found 3–12 weeks after transplantation
of thymidine analog-labeled live stem cells, suggesting differentiation
of grafted cells. Remarkably, however, similar results
were obtained after transplantation of dead cells or labeled
fibroblasts. Our findings reveal for the first time that thymidine
analog labeling may not be a reliable means of identifying
transplanted cells, particularly in highly proliferative environments
such as the developing, neurogenic, or injured brain
De novo mutations in MED13, a component of the Mediator complex, are associated with a novel neurodevelopmental disorder
Many genetic causes of developmental delay and/or intellectual disability (DD/ID) are extremely rare, and robust discovery of these requires both large-scale DNA sequencing and data sharing. Here we describe a GeneMatcher collaboration which led to a cohort of 13 affected individuals harboring protein-altering variants, 11 of which are de novo, in MED13; the only inherited variant was transmitted to an affected child from an affected mother. All patients had intellectual disability and/or developmental delays, including speech delays or disorders. Other features that were reported in two or more patients include autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, optic nerve abnormalities, Duane anomaly, hypotonia, mild congenital heart abnormalities, and dysmorphisms. Six affected individuals had mutations that are predicted to truncate the MED13 protein, six had missense mutations, and one had an in-frame-deletion of one amino acid. Out of the seven non-truncating mutations, six clustered in two specific locations of the MED13 protein: an N-terminal and C-terminal region. The four N-terminal clustering mutations affect two adjacent amino acids that are known to be involved in MED13 ubiquitination and degradation, p.Thr326 and p.Pro327. MED13 is a component of the CDK8-kinase module that can reversibly bind Mediator, a multi-protein complex that is required for Polymerase II transcription initiation. Mutations in several other genes encoding subunits of Mediator have been previously shown to associate with DD/ID, including MED13L, a paralog of MED13. Thus, our findings add MED13 to the group of CDK8-kinase module-associated disease gene
Natural history and genotype-phenotype correlations in 72 individuals with SATB2-associated syndrome
SATB2‐associated syndrome (SAS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by significant neurodevelopmental disabilities with limited to absent speech, behavioral issues, and craniofacial anomalies. Previous studies have largely been restricted to case reports and small series without in‐depth phenotypic characterization or genotype‐phenotype correlations. Seventy two study participants were identified as part of the SAS clinical registry. Individuals with a molecularly confirmed diagnosis of SAS were referred after clinical diagnostic testing. In this series we present the most comprehensive phenotypic and genotypic characterization of SAS to date, including prevalence of each clinical feature, neurodevelopmental milestones, and when available, patient management. We confirm that the most distinctive features are neurodevelopmental delay with invariably severely limited speech, abnormalities of the palate (cleft or high‐arched), dental anomalies (crowding, macrodontia, abnormal shape), and behavioral issues with or without bone or brain anomalies. This comprehensive clinical characterization will help clinicians with the diagnosis, counseling and management of SAS and help provide families with anticipatory guidance
A second cohort of CHD3 patients expands the molecular mechanisms known to cause Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome
There has been one previous report of a cohort of patients with variants in Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding 3 (CHD3), now recognized as Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome. However, with only three previously-reported patients with variants outside the ATPase/helicase domain, it was unclear if variants outside of this domain caused a clinically similar phenotype. We have analyzed 24 new patients with CHD3 variants, including nine outside the ATPase/helicase domain. All patients were detected with unbiased molecular genetic methods. There is not a significant difference in the clinical or facial features of patients with variants in or outside this domain. These additional patients further expand the clinical and molecular data associated with CHD3 variants. Importantly we conclude that there is not a significant difference in the phenotypic features of patients with various molecular disruptions, including whole gene deletions and duplications, and missense variants outside the ATPase/helicase domain. This data will aid both clinical geneticists and molecular geneticists in the diagnosis of this emerging syndrome