Masses, radii, and orbits of small Kepler planets : The transition from gaseous to rocky planets

We report on the masses, sizes, and orbits of the planets orbiting 22 Kepler stars. There are 49 planet candidates around these stars, including 42 detected through transits and 7 revealed by precise Doppler measurements of the host stars. Based on an analysis of the Kepler brightness measurements, along with high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy, Doppler spectroscopy, and (for 11 stars) asteroseismology, we establish low false-positive probabilities (FPPs) for all of the transiting planets (41 of 42 have an FPP under 1%), and we constrain their sizes and masses. Most of the transiting planets are smaller than three times the size of Earth. For 16 planets, the Doppler signal was securely detected, providing a direct measurement of the planet's mass. For the other 26 planets we provide either marginal mass measurements or upper limits to their masses and densities; in many cases we can rule out a rocky composition. We identify six planets with densities above 5 g cm-3, suggesting a mostly rocky interior for them. Indeed, the only planets that are compatible with a purely rocky composition are smaller than 2 R ⊕. Larger planets evidently contain a larger fraction of low-density material (H, He, and H2O).Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

The confocal story

Dermatologic diagnosis is primarily based on interpretation of morphological information by visual inspection, confirmed by histopathological diagnosis if necessary. The challenge is to establish a correct diagnosis and to identify all malignant lesions while minimizing unnecessary surgical procedures. In this context, several non-invasive imaging modalities have emerged in recent years that are aimed at increasing accuracy of in vivo diagnosis. Of those, reflectance confocal microscopy has shown the most promising results. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy produces horizontal images of the skin at a cellular resolution from the surface to the upper dermis. It enables to visualize tissue in its physiological state avoiding retraction bias due to fixation, staining and sectioning procedures that are a prerequisite to conventional light histopathology. Moreover, RCM enables observation of changes over time

Mobile teledermatology

Mobile telemedicine refers to telemedicine applications that do not depend on stationary equipment. Small portable devices such as mobile phones/smart phones and PDAs or portable PCs are showing potential for telemedicine applications. Mobile phone ownership and subscriptions are increasing exponentially world-wide, including underserved areas and developing countries. Practical applications of mobile telemedicine include emergency services, triage, routine screening and telehomecare services. Other mobile teledermatology services comprise prevention and follow up via text messaging and mobile phone application software for patients and physicians

The morphologic dimension in the diagnosis of melanocytic skin lesions

The book in your hands has been designed basically as an atlas entitled Color Atlas of Melanocytic Lesions of the Skin and focuses on the morphologic dimension of melanocytic skin lesions. It encompasses all the classical methods of morphology such as the clinical and dermoscopic examination and dermatopathology, as well as the most up-to-date diagnostic approaches such as laser scanning in-vivo microscopy, multispectral image analysis, automatic diagnosis, and teledermatology. With the exception of the chapters on automatic diagnosis and on multispectral analysis, all chapters focus on the morphologic dimension, albeit in its various facets, thus justifying the title of this book

A hands-on guide to confocal imaging

This chapter provides a short overview of image acquisition and the basics of image evaluation in reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Due to the VivaScope® 1500 being the most widely used reflectance confocal microscope for in vivo imaging of human skin, the detailed description of image acquisition provided below solely applies to the use of this device

Introduction to teledermatology

Telemedicine is the use of telecommunication technologies for the exchange of medical information over a distance. Teledermatology is a subcategory within telemedicine providing specialist service by a dermatologist over a distance. Two modes of image and data transmission are commonly applied in teledermatology: store-and-forward systems (SAF) and real-time appli­cations (RT). Store and forward is a technique in which information is sent to a data storage unit to be retrieved anytime. In real-time/live interactive telemedicine, information is delivered simultaneously with little or no delay

Tele-reflectance confocal microscopy

Evaluation of RCM images requires specialized training that is not universally available, despite a growing number of publications in this field and this present work being the second book published in this area. Application of teledermatology in RCM (Tele-RCM) aims to overcome this shortage of distribution of experts and to improve distribution of knowledge by e-learning