A Comparative Analysis of the Use of Deep Learning and Machine Learning in Weather Forecasting : Using Meteorological Dataset on Vaasa

This study presents a comparative analysis of two prominent technologies, namely deep learning, and machine learning, in the context of weather forecasting. The main research question is “How can machine learning and deep learning algorithm be implemented to obtain near-accurate weather forecasting”? The objectives of this research are identifying the fundamental differences between deep learning and machine learning algorithms handling weather-related dataset and to ascertain the accuracy of using deep learning as compared to machine learning in weather forecasting. The study begins by providing a detailed overview of deep learning and machine learning techniques, explaining their fundamental principles, and highlighting their respective imple-mentation in weather dataset. In addition, the focus of the research is on the application of technologies such as polynomial regression, gradient boosting, neural prophet, and recurrent neural network models to the process of weather forecasting. The study applied quantitative methodology and used an open-source dataset from Finnish Meteorological Institute which is a weather record collect-ed from the city of Vaasa. The comparative analysis involves employing those techniques to capture nonlinear relationships between weather variables and the pattern within the dataset. Moreover, the study investigates the performance of each technology and evaluates its effectiveness in forecasting weather conditions over different interval of time using performance evaluation matrices. The outcomes of the comparative analysis provide valuable insights into the application of recent machine learning and deep learning methods with regard to the quality and the amount of data applied for the process. This includes proper implementation of data pre-processing techniques, that significantly impact the accuracy of models

Evaluation of Early Maturing Sorghum and Cowpea Varieties Intercropping for Animal Nutritive Value and in vitro Dry Matter Digestibility in Fedis District, Eastern Ethiopia

The shortage of arable land and shortage of livestock feed are major constraints in East Hararghe Zone. Thus, a field study was conducted to evaluate an early maturing sorghum varieties and cowpea genotypes intercropping for both food and feed production at Fedis Agricultural Research Center, eastern Ethiopia in 2018 cropping season. Two cowpea genotypes(lines) (9333 and 9334) were intercropped with three varieties of early maturing sorghum (Teshale, Birhan and Melkam) and compared with sole cropping of all the varieties, which were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analyzed result showed the NDF content was significantly different (p < 0.05) among intercropped and sole sorghum the maximum NDF was recorded from sole sorghum Teshale (69.56%) and the minimum sorghum Birhan + cowpea (9333)(57.75%) and the Intercropping sorghum improved the CP of sorghum stover mean from sole (5.31%) to intercropped (6.03%). the . Cropping systems and cowpea genotypes were significantly affected (p < 0.05) the content of CP and NDF. The maximum CP obtained from cowpea (9334) + sorghum Teshale 29.19%), and the minimum CP obtained from sole cowpea (9333) (24.38%).Generally, the results of this study showed that intercropping of sorghum-cowpea were increased the productivity of grain yields and biomass yields of sorghum varieties and it increased nutritional quality of cowpea and sorghum stover. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that intercropping sorghum with forage cowpea; preferably sorghum Melkam + cowpea (9333) to be appropriate to increase quality of sorghum stover in the study area. Keywords: Chemical composition, Digestibility and Forage legumes DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/107-01 Publication date: April 30th 202

Biology, Dispersal and Management of Coffee Berry Disease: A Review

Colletotrichum spp. are the most important plant pathogenic fungi affecting tissues of leaves, flowers, fruit, stems and crown parts of different crops. They are predominantly found in tropical and subtropical rejoins of humid and sub-humid areas. From these, coffee berry disease (CBD) caused by the fungus Colletotrichum kahawae which is one of the predominant challenges in coffee production. Hence, this review is valuable in providing better insights into the extent spread, and biology of CBD pathogen from different findings and helpful for the selection of better management strategies for this disease. The slow growth form of C. kahawae is varied metabolically by its inability to use either citrate or titrate as a sole carbon source, and conidial production, dispersion and germination takes place in the presence of moisture. Also, the conidia from mummified berries and twig barks disseminated by rain splashes are the primary inoculums sources. Also, spore movement is down ward in tree canopies with the guide of water movement. Passive vectors that can carry viable spores like man, insects, vehicles and birds assist long distance movement, and free movement of coffee planting materials from CBD infected origin fasten frequent distribution of the disease. In spite of little attention received at the early stage of its emergence, African coffee growers soon observed a rapid dissemination throughout important Arabica coffee growing areas which causes 75% losses in Kenya within short time of its appearance. Moreover the impact due to this disease can cause100% losses in the area where effective management options like cultural practices, host plant resistance, biological control and chemical control are not applied.  So, in order to improve the income gained from coffee sector especially in the areas where it highly produced and offer as essential economic source like Ethiopia needs great emphasis of disease diagnosis as well. Keywords: Coffea arabica, Disease management, Disease symptoms, Epidemiology, Life cycle DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-20-03 Publication date:October 31st 202

Performance Evaluation of Improved Forage Trees (Sesbania sesban) Cultivars for Animal feed and Nutritional Quality in Highlands of East Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the biomass yield and adaptability of five accession with one local check of Sesbania (Sesbania sesban) at Highland of Eastern Hararghe Zone in 2017/18 and 2018/19 G.C cropping season consecutive years on-FTC in Burka Jalala PA. The treatments evaluated were S.sesban 15019, S.sesban 10865, S.sesban 15036, S.sesban 10885, S.sesban 1238 and local check in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The biomass yield, plant height, stem weight, leaf to stem ratio (LSR) were taken at Annual. The analysis result indicated in Table (1) showed that there was significant (P < 0.05) variation among the accession in fresh leaf weight, fresh stem weight and percent of leaf to stem ratio. The results indicated that the maximum fresh leaf biomass yield of the accession S.sesban 1238 (7.91 ton ha-1), flowed by accessions S.sesban 10885 (7.23 ton ha-1). The results showed that the maximum leaf to stem ratio were recorded under accession S.sesban 10865(28.67%), S.sesban 15019(27.66%) and S.sesban 1238(31.33%). A significant variation (p < 0.05) among the content of total ash and Acid detergent lignin. The maximum Acid detergent lignin obtained from S.sesban 15036(22.746%), and the minimum Acid detergent lignin obtained from S.sesban 1238(14.875%) and S.sesban 10885(14.874%). It was concluded that the accessions S.sesban 1238 and S.sesban 10885 were found promising to be demonstrated under in the study areas and same agro-climatic conditions similar to study area. Keywords: Forage Trees, Quality forage, Sesbania Sesban, Tree legumes DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/106-02 Publication date:March 31st 202

Application of a mouse-mastitis model for evaluation of antigen vaccines against Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis

The BSVS-mouse mastitis model has been shown to largely mimic boyine intramammary infection (mastitis), where bacteria penetrate through the teat canal, teat cisterns and establish in the mammary glands. The model enables study of theonset of infection and histopathological changes occurring during the development at infection in the mammary glands. Mice were immunised with recombinant antigen vaccines and thereafter were challenged with S. aureus. Vaccine-evoked serumantibody responses and protection were determined. This study demonstrates the relevance of the BSVS~mouse mastitis model for evaluation of recombinant surface-antigen vaccines against S. aureus-indueed mastitis

Some results on the commutativity of prime near-rings using generalized derivations

Given a right near ring N, an additive mapping D: N →N is said to be a derivation on N, if D(xy) = D(x)y + xD(y) for all x, y ∈ N and an additive mapping F : N → N satisfying F(xy) = F(x)y + xD(y) for all x, y ∈ N, is called generalized derivation on N associated with the derivation D. The aim of this paper is to study the commutativity of a near-ring using some properties of generalized derivations on the given near-ring and we proved the following results. (a) The commutativity of 3-torsion free prime near-ring N with a generalized derivation F associated with non-zero idempotent derivation D on N satisfying the conditions F2[x, y] - [x, y] = 0 for all x, y ∈ N and F2(xoy) - (xoy) = 0 for all x, y ∈ N and (b) commutativity of 5-torsion free prime near ring N with a generalized derivation F associated with non-zero idempotent derivation D on N satisfying the conditions F2[x, y] + [x, y] = 0 for all x, y ∈ N and F2(xoy) + (xoy) = 0 for all x, y ∈ N are proved in this article. These results may help us to study more about the commutativity of general near-rings

Improving English Language Skills and Methods through Short Term Trainings: Bridging High School and University Teachers

The purpose of this article was to show how universities can make interventions in improving the classroom practices of high schools and preparatory schools English language teachers. The data gathering instrument was questionnaire and interview from secondary and preparatory school teachers of Tabor cluster that include Tabor Secondary and Preparatory school, Alamura High School Gemeto-Gale Secondary School, and Tula Secondary and Preparatory school and two school principals. The teachers received short term English language trainings from university teachers. It was, therefore, reflections of the teachers on improvements the training brought on their teaching skills on one hand and their attitudes on “the-to-be” links between the university instructors and high school teachers on the other hand. The link and the interventions envisaged to bring continuous improvements in the English language skills of secondary school English language teachers and thereby the skills of their students who ultimately and continuously join universities. As the study was based on the teachers and the principals who took part in the training, the sample size considered was the whole population, 40. Since the data was obtained qualitatively through interview and quantitatively through questionnaire, the analysis method also followed mixed methods. The quantitative data was analyzed descriptively with SPSS version 20, and the data obtained through interview was grouped into themes with open-code 3.6 and then described textually. The study showed that the short term trainings, which were based on the trainees’ pre-identified areas of English language skill gaps, helped to alleviate the gaps of the teachers to a greater extent. It also showed that there are other areas of English language skill gaps that need further trainings. Regarding the teachers’ attitude on the high schools and University teachers’ professional link, it was found out that high school teachers need supports from universities to improve their own and their students’ English language skills. It was also discovered that the link among school and university teachers so far is very weak. The trainees suggested areas of their special concerns to improve their English language skills, and areas university teachers may benefit from high schools

Evaluation of the diuretic activity of the aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of Ajuga remota Benth (Lamiaceae) leaves in mice

BACKGROUND: In the Ethiopian traditional medicine, the leaves of Ajuga remota B. (Local name, Armagusa) is used in the treatment of hypertension. Since this claim has not been investigated scientifically, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the diuretic potential of the aqueous and 80% methanol extracts of the leaves of Ajuga remota in mice after acute oral administration. METHODS: Adult mice were administered orally either aqueous (250 mg/kg, AA250; 500 mg/kg, AA500 and 1000 mg/kg, AA1000) or 80% methanol (250 mg/kg, AM250; 500 mg/kg, AM500 and 750 mg/kg, AM750) extract. Urine output and electrolyte contents were then quantified up to 5 h and compared with those administered with furosemide 10 mg/kg (F10) and distilled water (CON). RESULTS: The larger dose of 80% methanol extract produced significant diuresis (p < 0.01), while the aqueous extract had shown diuresis both at the middle (p < 0.01) and higher (p < 0.01) doses by the end of the fifth hour compared to CON mice. Regarding electrolyte excretion, larger doses of both extracts had increased natriuresis (p < 0.001 for AA1000 and p < 0.01 for AM1000), while the effect on kaliuresis were smaller when compared with the standard, suggesting the plant could possibly have a potassium-sparing effect. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of secondary metabolites like phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides, which might account for the diuretic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the plant is endowed with significant diuretic activity at various doses, providing evidence for its folkloric use. The major components like flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids found in the plant might have contributed to the observed diuretic activity

Torsional Stiffness Measuring Device

This device will measure the torsional stiffness of a FSAE race car frame. Our design will apply a torsional load to the frame while simultaneously providing precise measurements required to calculate the applied load, displacement, angular deflection, and torsional stiffness. Unlike the most popular method of testing torsional stiffness by applying load with a lever, our device twists the frame using hydraulic bottle jacks with an integrated pressure gauge. This aspect enables precise control of the twist, and the pressure gauges provide the capability of load-measurement. The validity of measurements will be assessed by comparing results to theoretical calculations