Der Sport und die traditionelle Bewegungskultur der Aborigines

Bei mehreren Studienaufenthalten in Australien wurde nach den Betrachtungsweisen der deutschen Sportwissenschaft umfangreiches Material der nachstehenden Quellen gesammelt: persönliche Kontakte zu einzelnen Personen, Besuch von öffentlichen und privaten Institutionen, Verfolgen des aktuellen Mediengeschehens, narrative Interviews mit Aborigines, Gespräche mit Experten unterschiedlicher Fachrichtungen, Politikern und Personen der multikulturellen australischen Gesellschaft, Teilnahme an interdisziplinären Kongressen, Workshops, Ausschusssitzungen und Vorträgen, informelle Beobachtungen in den australischen Bundesstaaten (mit Ausnahme Tasmanien) sowie Besuch der Kommune der Aborigines in Oenpelli im Arnhemland. Bedingt durch eine andersartige Konzeption und thematische Interessenlage der Sportwissenschaft, durch die soziale und politische Randstellung der betrachteten Population und die problembehaftete Thematik, ist in Australien kaum sportwissenschaftliches Material vorhanden, wie bereits die vorangegangene Magisterarbeit \u27Die Bewegungskultur der australischen Ureinwohner (Aborigines)\u27 belegt. So erfolgte bei der Sichtung des größtenteils fachfremden Materials eine Vorauswahl fachspezifischer Informationen. Nach der kritischen Diskussion von ausgewählten sportwissenschaftlichen Aspekten mit der Zielsetzung, die Besonderheiten der australischen Ureinwohner im Sport und der eigenen Bewegungskultur zu erkennen und zu berücksichtigen, lassen sich in der Zusammenfassung nachstehende Aussagen treffen, die im Detail einen erheblichen Forschungsbedarf für die Sportwissenschaft anzeigen. Die negativen Folgen der Akkulturation der ursprünglichen Jäger und Sammler mit dramatischen pathologischen Veränderungen von Herz-Kreislauf, Stoffwechsel und verschiedenen Organen sowie ihrer psycho-sozialen Situation schränken die Bewegung erheblich ein und beschleunigen den gesundheitlichen Zerfall. Eine gezielte gesundheitsorientierte Bewegungsförderung in Abstimmung der dominanten australischen Kultur und der Kultur der Aborigines durch qualifiziertes Personal könnte die desolaten Umstände positiv beeinflussen. Die kulturspezifischen Besonderheiten der Ureinwohner sollten nachdrücklich Berücksichtigung finden, auch um Bestrebungen zur Akkulturation entgegenzutreten. Dem Rassismus, dem Sexismus und anderen Formen der Diskriminierung im Sport, auch zwischen traditionell orientierten und akkulturierten Aborigines, sollte durch Aufklärung anhand von Informationskampagnen und Bildungsprogrammen entgegnet werden. Sportlerpersönlichkeiten haben die Möglichkeit hierbei Unterstützung zu leisten. Regeln und Bewertungsrichtlinien im Sport sollten auf diskriminierende Aspekte geprüft werden. Das kulturspezifische Lernverhalten der Aborigines traditioneller Bindung sollte im Sportunterricht und Training bedacht werden, um eine bestmögliche Förderung der Schüler bzw. Sportler zu erreichen. Eine abgestimmte sportliche Betätigung scheint für einen Transfer positiver Effekte in den übrigen schulischen und beruflichen Alltag zu sprechen. Eine bikulturelle bzw. multikulturelle Erziehung könnte für den Sportunterricht eine Annäherung der Kulturen bewirken und zur Pflege der einzelnen Kultur beitragen. Ideal wäre eine Integration von traditionellen Bewegungsformen im Schul- und Freizeitsport, was für eine positive interkulturelle Verständigung spräche und den australischen Sport bereichern würde. Der Sport scheint letztendlich die traditionelle Bewegungskultur der Aborigines, die eine starke kulturtragende Funktion hat, zu verdrängen und somit ein Stück ihrer Identität. Nur Toleranz, Einsicht und das Engagement beider Kulturen könnte dies noch verhindern

Intergroup relations in organisations

The problem statement of this research is, "What is the· basis of the intergroup relations that potentially lead to ineffective work behaviour, and how does it manifest in groups within a specific consulting organisation, in terms of the premises of the Tavistock model of group relations?" The psychodynamic approach, psychoanalytic technique, open systems theory and object relations theory were used. The unstructured interview and hermeneutic approach were used for collection of data, and analysis and interpretation. The results of the research indicate that groups, in interaction with other groups, may install defences against anxieties which could undermine the success of their work efforts .. Issues of ' . ' nonclarity of task, group boundary and identity issues, authority issues and reactions of projection seemed prevalent. Various hypotheses were developed which could be used as a basis for further research.M.A. (Industrial Psychology)Industrial and Organisation Psycholog

Photoperiodic regime influences onset of lens opacities in a non-human primate

Background Opacities of the lens are typical age-related phenomena which have a high influence on photoreception and consequently circadian rhythm. In mouse lemurs, a small bodied non-human primate, a high incidence (more than 50% when >seven years) of cataracts has been previously described during aging. Previous studies showed that photoperiodically induced accelerated annual rhythms alter some of mouse lemurs’ life history traits. Whether a modification of photoperiod also affects the onset of age dependent lens opacities has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was therefore to characterise the type of opacity and the mouse lemurs’ age at its onset in two colonies with different photoperiodic regimen. Methods Two of the largest mouse lemur colonies in Europe were investigated: Colony 1 having a natural annual photoperiodic regime and Colony 2 with an induced accelerated annual cycle. A slit-lamp was used to determine opacities in the lens. Furthermore, a subset of all animals which showed no opacities in the lens nucleus in the first examination but developed first changes in the following examination were further examined to estimate the age at onset of opacities. In total, 387 animals were examined and 57 represented the subset for age at onset estimation. Results The first and most commonly observable opacity in the lens was nuclear sclerosis. Mouse lemurs from Colony 1 showed a delayed onset of nuclear sclerosis compared to mouse lemurs from Colony 2 (4.35 ± 1.50 years vs. 2.75 ± 0.99 years). For colony 1, the chronological age was equivalent to the number of seasonal cycles experienced by the mouse lemurs. For colony 2, in which seasonal cycles were accelerated by a factor of 1.5, mouse lemurs had experienced 4.13 ± 1.50 seasonal cycles in 2.75 ± 0.99 chronological years. Discussion Our study showed clear differences in age at the onset of nuclear sclerosis formation between lemurs kept under different photoperiodic regimes. Instead of measuring the chronological age, the number of seasonal cycles (N = four) experienced by a mouse lemur can be used to estimate the risk of beginning nuclear sclerosis formation. Ophthalmological examinations should be taken into account when animals older than 5–6 seasonal cycles are used for experiments in which unrestricted visual ability has to be ensured. This study is the first to assess and demonstrate the influence of annual photoperiod regime on the incidence of lens opacities in a non-human primate

Traditionsgebundene muslimische Mädchen im Sportverein : Herausforderungen der Integration

Bei diesem Beitrag handelt es sich um ein Kapitel aus den Kongressbänden des Deutschen Präventionstags (DPT-ID: 3854).PDF enthält falsche ISBN: 978-3-942865-71-5 statt richtig: 978-3-942865-85-

X-exome sequencing of 405 unresolved families identifies seven novel intellectual disability genes

X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. During the past two decades in excess of 100 X-chromosome ID genes have been identified. Yet, a large number of families mapping to the X-chromosome remained unresolved suggesting that more XLID genes or loci are yet to be identified. Here, we have investigated 405 unresolved families with XLID. We employed massively parallel sequencing of all X-chromosome exons in the index males. The majority of these males were previously tested negative for copy number variations and for mutations in a subset of known XLID genes by Sanger sequencing. In total, 745 X-chromosomal genes were screened. After stringent filtering, a total of 1297 non-recurrent exonic variants remained for prioritization. Co-segregation analysis of potential clinically relevant changes revealed that 80 families (20%) carried pathogenic variants in established XLID genes. In 19 families, we detected likely causative protein truncating and missense variants in 7 novel and validated XLID genes (CLCN4, CNKSR2, FRMPD4, KLHL15, LAS1L, RLIM and USP27X) and potentially deleterious variants in 2 novel candidate XLID genes (CDK16 and TAF1). We show that the CLCN4 and CNKSR2 variants impair protein functions as indicated by electrophysiological studies and altered differentiation of cultured primary neurons from Clcn4−/− mice or after mRNA knock-down. The newly identified and candidate XLID proteins belong to pathways and networks with established roles in cognitive function and intellectual disability in particular. We suggest that systematic sequencing of all X-chromosomal genes in a cohort of patients with genetic evidence for X-chromosome locus involvement may resolve up to 58% of Fragile X-negative cases

Insights into Electrolytic Pre Lithiation A Thorough Analysis Using Silicon Thin Film Anodes

Pre lithiation via electrolysis, herein defined as electrolytic pre lithiation, using cost efficient electrolytes based on lithium chloride LiCl , is successfully demonstrated as a proof of concept for enabling lithium ion battery full cells with high silicon content negative electrodes. An electrolyte for pre lithiation based on amp; 947; butyrolactone and LiCl is optimized using boron containing additives lithium bis oxalato borate, lithium difluoro oxalate borate and CO2 with respect to the formation of a protective solid electrolyte interphase SEI on silicon thin films as model electrodes. Reversible lithiation in Si Li metal cells is demonstrated with Coulombic efficiencies CEff of 95 96 for optimized electrolytes comparable to 1 m LiPF6 EC EMC 3 7. Formation of an effective SEI is shown by cyclic voltammetry and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS . electrolytic pre lithiation experiments show that notable amounts of the gaseous product Cl2 dissolve in the electrolyte leading to a self discharge Cl2 Cl amp; 8722; shuttle mechanism between the electrodes lowering pre lithiation efficiency and causing current collector corrosion. However, no significant degradation of the Si active material and the SEI due to contact with elemental chlorine is found by SEM, impedance, and XPS. In NCM111 Si full cells, the capacity retention in the 100th cycle can be significantly increased from 54 to 78 by electrolytic pre lithiation, compared to reference cells without pre lithiation of S

TRIM32 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Differentiation and Is Necessary for Normal Adult Muscle Regeneration

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H) is an inherited autosomal recessive disease of skeletal muscle caused by a mutation in the TRIM32 gene. Currently its pathogenesis is entirely unclear. Typically the regeneration process of adult skeletal muscle during growth or following injury is controlled by a tissue specific stem cell population termed satellite cells. Given that TRIM32 regulates the fate of mammalian neural progenitor cells through controlling their differentiation, we asked whether TRIM32 could also be essential for the regulation of myogenic stem cells. Here we demonstrate for the first time that TRIM32 is expressed in the skeletal muscle stem cell lineage of adult mice, and that in the absence of TRIM32, myogenic differentiation is disrupted. Moreover, we show that the ubiquitin ligase TRIM32 controls this process through the regulation of c-Myc, a similar mechanism to that previously observed in neural progenitors. Importantly we show that loss of TRIM32 function induces a LGMD2H-like phenotype and strongly affects muscle regeneration in vivo. Our studies implicate that the loss of TRIM32 results in dysfunctional muscle stem cells which could contribute to the development of LGMD2H

Erratum to: Mutation screening in 86 known X-linked mental retardation genes by droplet-based multiplex PCR and massive parallel sequencing

Item does not contain fulltext[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11568-010-9137-y.].1 december 200