Deformation of continental crust along a transform boundary, Coast Mountains, British Columbia

New structural, paleomagnetic, and apatite (U-Th)/He results from the continental margin inboard of the Queen Charlotte fault (~54°N) delineate patterns of brittle faulting linked to transform development since ~50 Ma. In the core of the orogen, ~250 km from the transform, north striking, dip-slip brittle faults and vertical axis rotation of large crustal domains occurred after ~50 Ma and before intrusion of mafic dikes at 20 Ma. By 20 Ma, dextral faulting was active in the core of the orogen, but extension had migrated toward the transform, continuing there until <9 Ma. Local tilting in the core of the orogen is associated with glacially driven, post-4 Ma exhumation. Integration with previous results shows that post-50 Ma dextral and normal faulting affected a region ~250 km inboard of the transform and ~300 km along strike. Initially widespread, the zone of active extension narrowed and migrated toward the transform ~25 Ma after initiation of the transform, while dextral faulting continued throughout the region. Differential amounts of post-50 Ma extension created oroclines at the southern and northern boundaries of the deformed region. This region approximately corresponds to continental crust that was highly extended just prior to transform initiation. Variation in Neogene crustal tilts weakens interpretations relying on uniform tilting to explain anomalous paleomagnetic inclinations of mid-Cretaceous plutons. Similarities to the Gulf of California suggest that development of a transform in continental crust is aided by previous crustal extension and that initially widespread extension narrows and moves toward the transform as the margin develops

Submillimetre CO observations of the Cepheus A outflow

The authors have carried out spectral mapping of the Cep A region in the J = 3-2 transition of CO. The high velocity wings symptomatic of outflowing gas are evident over a region ~6×6 arc min in extent (~1.3×1.3 pc). There appear to be 2 outflows, as found also for HCO+ by Loren et al. (1985). The CO J = 3-2 red wing intensity is enhanced relative both to lower transition CO data and to HCO+ J = 1-0, particularly to the south and east of Cep A, a result which suggests the presence of hot, optically thin gas in the flow. No such significant enhancement is seen, however, in the blue wing. The data are discussed in terms of a 2 component outflow in which the HCO+ emission originates mainly from dense clumps in the flow while a less dense (but >4×104cm-3) interclump medium is responsible for most of the 12CO emission

Identifying spatial variations in glacial catchment erosion with detrital thermochronology

Understanding the spatial distribution of glacial catchment erosion during glaciation has previously proven difficult due to limited access to the glacier bed. Recent advances in detrital thermochronology provide a new technique to quantify the source elevation of sediment. This approach utilizes the tendency of thermochronometer cooling ages to increase with elevation and provides a sediment tracer for the elevation of erosion. We apply this technique to the Tiedeman Glacier in the heavily glaciated Mount Waddington region, British Columbia. A total of 106 detrital apatite (U‐Th)/He (AHe) and 100 apatite fission track (AFT) single‐grain ages was presented from the modern outwash of the Tiedemann Glacier with catchment elevations between 530 and 3960 m. These data are combined with nine AHe and nine AFT bedrock ages collected from a ~2400 m vertical transect to test the hypotheses that erosion is uniformly or nonuniformly distributed in the catchment. A Monte Carlo sampling model and Kuiper statistical test are used to quantify the elevation range where outwash sediment is sourced. Model results from the AHe data suggest nearly uniform erosion in the catchment, with a preference for sediment being sourced from ~2900 to 2700 m elevation. Ages indicated that the largest source of sediment is near the present‐day ELA. These results demonstrate the utility of AHe detrital thermochronology (and to a lesser degree AFT data) to quantify the distribution of erosion by individual geomorphic processes, as well as some of the limitations of the technique.Key PointsDetrital thermochronometers record spatial pattern of erosionNearly uniform erosion under the present‐day glacierThe largest observed source area of erosion is near the ELAPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112265/1/jgrf20399-sup-0001-supinfo.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112265/2/jgrf20399.pd

The structure of radiative shock waves. V. Hydrogen emission lines

We considered the structure of steady-state plane-parallel radiative shock waves propagating through the partially ionized hydrogen gas of temperature T_1 = 3000K and density 1e-12 gm/cm^3 <= \rho_1 <= 1e-9 gm/cm^3. The upstream Mach numbers range within 6 <= M_1 <= 14. In frequency intervals of hydrogen lines the radiation field was treated using the transfer equation in the frame of the observer for the moving medium, whereas the continuum radiation was calculated for the static medium. Doppler shifts in Balmer emission lines of the radiation flux emerging from the upstream boundary of the shock wave model were found to be roughly one-third of the shock wave velocity. The gas emitting the Balmer line radiation is located at the rear of the shock wave in the hydrogen recombination zone where the gas flow velocity in the frame of the observer is approximately one-half of the shock wave velocity. The ratio of the Doppler shift to the gas flow velocity of 0.7 results both from the small optical thickness of the shock wave in line frequencies and the anisotropy of the radiation field typical for the slab geometry. In the ambient gas with density of \rho_1 >= 1e-11 gm/cm^3 the flux in the H-alpha frequency interval reveals the double structure of the profile. A weaker H-beta profile doubling was found for \rho_1 >= 1e-10 gm/cm^3 and U_1 <= 50 km/s. The unshifted redward component of the double profile is due to photodeexcitation accompanying the rapid growth of collisional ionization in the narrow layer in front of the discontinuous jump.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, LaTeX, accepted for publication in A

The Henize sample of S stars: IV. New symbiotic stars

The properties of the few symbiotic stars detected among the 66 binary S stars from the Henize sample are discussed. Two stars (Hen 18 and Hen 121) exhibit both a strong blue-violet continuum and strong H_alpha emission (FWHM of 70 km/s), whereas Hen 134 and 137 exhibit weak H_alpha emission. The H_alpha profiles are typical of non-dusty symbiotic stars belonging to class S-3 as defined by Van Winckel et al. (1993, A&AS 102, 401). In that class as in the Henize symbiotic S stars, He I, [N II] or [S II] emission lines are absent, suggesting that the nebular density is high but the excitation rather low. The radial velocity of the centre of the H_alpha emission is identical to that of the companion star (at least for Hen 121 where this can be checked from the available orbital elements), thus suggesting that the H_alpha emission originates from gas moving with the companion star. For Hen 121, this is further confirmed by the disappearance of the ultraviolet Balmer continuum when the companion is eclipsed by the S star. Hen 121 is thus the second eclipsing binary star discovered among extrinsic S stars (the first one is HD 35155). A comparison of the available data on orbital periods and H_alpha emission leads to the conclusion that H_alpha emission in S stars seems to be restricted to binary systems with periods in the range 600 - 1000 d, in agreement with the situation prevailing for red symbiotic stars (excluding symbiotic novae). Symbiotic S stars are found among the most evolved extrinsic S stars.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Participation in Transition(s):Reconceiving Public Engagements in Energy Transitions as Co-Produced, Emergent and Diverse

This paper brings the transitions literature into conversation with constructivist Science and Technology Studies (STS) perspectives on participation for the first time. In doing so we put forward a conception of public and civil society engagement in sustainability transitions as co-produced, relational, and emergent. Through paying close attention to the ways in which the subjects, objects, and procedural formats of public engagement are constructed through the performance of participatory collectives, our approach offers a framework to open up to and symmetrically compare diverse and interconnected forms of participation that make up wider socio-technical systems. We apply this framework in a comparative analysis of four diverse cases of civil society involvement in UK low carbon energy transitions. This highlights similarities and differences in how these distinct participatory collectives are orchestrated, mediated, and subject to exclusions, as well as their effects in producing particular visions of the issue at stake and implicit models of participation and ‘the public’. In conclusion we reflect on the value of this approach for opening up the politics of societal engagement in transitions, building systemic perspectives of interconnected ‘ecologies of participation’, and better accounting for the emergence, inherent uncertainties, and indeterminacies of all forms of participation in transitions

Effect of Alpine glaciation on thermochronometer age‐elevation profiles

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94703/1/grl22545.pd

Infrared Spectroscopic Study of a Selection of AGB and Post-AGB Stars

We present here near-infrared spectroscopy in the H and K bands of a selection of nearly 80 stars that belong to various AGB types, namely S type, M type and SR type. This sample also includes 16 Post-AGB (PAGB) stars. From these spectra, we seek correlations between the equivalent widths of some important spectral signatures and the infrared colors that are indicative of mass loss. Repeated spectroscopic observations were made on some PAGB stars to look for spectral variations. We also analyse archival SPITZER mid-infrared spectra on a few PAGB stars to identify spectral features due to PAH molecules providing confirmation of the advanced stage of their evolution. Further, we model the SEDs of the stars (compiled from archival data) and compare circumstellar dust parameters and mass loss rates in different types. Our near-infrared spectra show that in the case of M and S type stars, the equivalent widths of the CO(3-0) band are moderately correlated with infrared colors, suggesting a possible relationship with mass loss processes. A few PAGB stars revealed short term variability in their spectra, indicating episodic mass loss: the cooler stars showed in CO first overtone bands and the hotter ones showed in HI Brackett lines. Our spectra on IRAS 19399+2312 suggest that it is a transition object. From the SPITZER spectra, there seems to be a dependence between the spectral type of the PAGB stars and the strength of the PAH features. Modelling of SEDs showed among the M and PAGB stars that the higher the mass loss rates, the higher the [K-12] colour in our sample.Comment: 14 pages; accepted in MNRAS, 200

Dwarf nova-type cataclysmic variable stars are significant radio emitters

We present 8–12 GHz radio light curves of five dwarf nova (DN) type cataclysmic variable stars (CVs) in outburst (RX And, U Gem, and Z Cam), or superoutburst (SU UMa and YZ Cnc), increasing the number of radio-detected DN by a factor of 2. The observed radio emission was variable on time-scales of minutes to days, and we argue that it is likely to be synchrotron emission. This sample shows no correlation between the radio luminosity and optical luminosity, orbital period, CV class, or outburst type; however, higher cadence observations are necessary to test this, as the measured luminosity is dependent on the timing of the observations in these variable objects. The observations show that the previously detected radio emission from SS Cyg is not unique in type, luminosity (in the plateau phase of the outburst), or variability time-scales. Our results prove that DN, as a class, are radio emitters in outburst

Limits to reconstructing paleotopography from thermochronometer data

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95240/1/jgrf851.pd