495 research outputs found
Exploring experiences of frontline staff working in the children and young people's secure estate
Across the world, young people are detained in secure accommodation following criminal charge or remand. Young people in these settings can present with high risk, high harm and high vulnerability. The staff that work with them are required to support their emotional needs while enforcing security. Previous research has shown how emotionally challenging this work can be for frontline staff, with high risks of secondary trauma and burnout. This can result in high levels of staff turnover, impacting quality of care.
This narrative review aimed to answer the question: what are the experiences of non-clinical staff of working in secure, non-clinical forensic settings for young people? Utilising a systematic literature search, data were analysed from ten qualitative papers. Using thematic synthesis, the following themes were derived: Emotional Involvement of the Job, Importance of Relationships, Navigating Individual Differences and Effectiveness of the Institution. Staff highlighted the unpredictability of the work; the importance of working together for young people; the challenges of navigating differences in staff approach and young people’s characteristics; and the uncertainty of the usefulness of the institution. Results emphasise the complex and often difficult nature of working in the juvenile justice system and the high level of emotional labour required to manage this. This review is one of the first to explore non-clinical staff experience, adding to current understanding of working in these settings and emphasising the complexity of this work.
Support in the form of clinical supervision, compassionate leadership and reflective practice are suggested to enable the exploration of the emotional demand and social defences unconsciously implemented to manage these challenges. Future research could explore staff experience across secure accommodation for young people, exploring where there are similarities and differences in staff experience and what support is therefore needed
Method and apparatus for slicing crystals
The crystal slicing method is described as follows. A crystal is sliced in a plane parallel to flat, opposed parallel end faces of the crystal. The end faces of the crystal are gripped by a pair of opposed, perforated platens of a pair of vacuum chambers, one of which is translatable relative to the other. A blade cuts the crystal through the desired plane. A spring biases one of the vacuum chambers away from the other vacuum chamber while both of the faces are gripped by the vacuum chambers and the blade is cleaving the crystal. A sliced portion of the crystal gripped by one of the vacuum chambers is pulled away from the remainder of the crystal gripped by the second vacuum chamber when the crystal was cleaved by the blade through the plane
Solution of the Euler Equations in Three Dimensional Complex Geometries Using a Fully Unfactored Method. Aerospace Engineering Report 9907
An unfactored implicit time-marching method for the
solution of the three dimensional Euler equations on
multiblock curvilinear grids is presented. For robustness
the convective terms are discretised using an upwind
TVD scheme. The linear system arising from each
implicit time step is solved using a Krylov subspace
method with preconditioning based on an block incomplete
lower-upper (BELU(O)) factorisation. Results are
shown for the ONERA M6 wing, a wing/body configuration
and the NLR-F5 wing with launcher and missile.
It was found that the simulation cost is relatively independent
of the number of blocks used and their orientation.
Comparison is made with experiment where available
and good agreement is obtained
Approximate Jacobians for the Solution of the Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations. G.U. Aero Report 9705
This paper describes a method for efficiently solving the steady-state Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. Robustness is achieved through the use of an upwind TVD scheme for discretising the convective terms. The approximate solution is advanced in time implicitly and the linear system arising at each implicit step is solved using a Conjugate Gradient type method. The main emphasis of this paper is on the use of Jacobian matrices associated with a simpler spatial discretisation. This leads to better conditioned linear systems. The resulting method has lower memory and CPU-time requirements when compared with the one using exact Jacobians
Translation selectively destroys non-functional transcription complexes
Transcription elongation stalls at lesions in the DNA template(1). For the DNA lesion to be repaired, the stalled transcription elongation complex (EC) has to be removed from the damaged site(2). Here we show that translation, which is coupled to transcription in bacteria, actively dislodges stalled ECs from the damaged DNA template. By contrast, paused, but otherwise elongation-competent, ECs are not dislodged by the ribosome. Instead, they are helped back into processive elongation. We also show that the ribosome slows down when approaching paused, but not stalled, ECs. Our results indicate that coupled ribosomes functionally and kinetically discriminate between paused ECs and stalled ECs, ensuring the selective destruction of only the latter. This functional discrimination is controlled by the RNA polymerase\u27s catalytic domain, the Trigger Loop. We show that the transcription-coupled DNA repair helicase UvrD, proposed to cause backtracking of stalled ECs(3), does not interfere with ribosome-mediated dislodging. By contrast, the transcription-coupled DNA repair translocase Mfd(4) acts synergistically with translation, and dislodges stalled ECs that were not destroyed by the ribosome. We also show that a coupled ribosome efficiently destroys misincorporated ECs that can cause conflicts with replication(5). We propose that coupling to translation is an ancient and one of the main mechanisms of clearing non-functional ECs from the genome
Coronal loop hydrodynamics. The solar flare observedon November 12 1980 revisited: the UV line emission
We revisit a well-studied solar flare whose X-ray emission originating from a
simple loop structure was observed by most of the instruments on board SMM on
November 12 1980. The X-ray emission of this flare, as observed with the XRP,
was successfully modeled previously. Here we include a detailed modeling of the
transition region and we compare the hydrodynamic results with the UVSP
observations in two EUV lines, measured in areas smaller than the XRP rasters,
covering only some portions of the flaring loop (the top and the foot-points).
The single loop hydrodynamic model, which fits well the evolution of coronal
lines (those observed with the XRP and the \FeXXI 1354.1 \AA line observed with
the UVSP) fails to model the flux level and evolution of the \OV 1371.3 \AA
line.Comment: A&A, in press, 6 pages, 5 figure
FUSE Observations of Intrinsic Absorption in the Seyfert 1 Galaxy Mrk 509
We present far-ultraviolet spectra of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509 obtained
in 1999 November with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). Our
data span the observed wavelength range 915-1185 A at a resolution of ~20 km/s.
The spectrum shows a blue continuum, broad OVI 1032,1038 emission, and a broad
CIII 977 emission line. Superposed on these emission components, we resolve
associated absorption lines of OVI 1032,1038, CIII 977, and Lyman lines through
Lzeta. Seven distinct kinematic components are present, spanning a velocity
range of -440 to +170 km/s relative to the systemic velocity. The absorption is
clustered in two groups, one centered at -370m km/s and another at the systemic
velocity. The blue-shifted cluster may be associated with the extended line
emission visible in deep images of Mrk 509 obtained by Phillips et al. Although
several components appear to be saturated, they are not black at their centers.
Partial covering or scattering permits ~7% of the broad-line or continuum flux
to be unaffected by absorption. Of the multiple components, only one has the
same ionization state and column density as highly ionized gas that produces
the OVII and OVIII ionization edges in X-ray spectra of Mrk 509.
This paper will appear in a special issue of Astrophysical Journal Letters
devoted to the first scientific results from the FUSE mission.Comment: To appear in the Astrophysical Journal (Letters). 4 pages, 3 color
PostScript figures. Figures are best viewed and printed in color. Added
acknowledgment that this is one of many papers to be published in a special
issue of ApJL devoted to the first scientific results from the FUSE missio
FUSE and HST STIS Observations of Hot and Cold Gas in the AB Aurigae System
We present the first observations of a Herbig Ae star with a circumstellar
disk by the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), as well as a
simultaneous observation of the star obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope
Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS). The spectra of AB Aurigae show
emission and absorption features arising from gasses that have a wide range in
temperature, from hot OVI emission to cold molecular hydrogen and CO
absorption. Emissions from the highly ionized species OVI and CIII present in
the FUSE spectrum are redshifted, while absorption features arising from
low-ionization species like OI, NI, and SiII are blueshifted and show
characteristic stellar wind line-profiles. We find the total column density of
molecular hydrogen toward AB Aur from the FUSE apectrum, N(H_2) = (6.8 +/- 0.5)
x 10^19 cm^-2. The gas kinetic temperature of the molecular hydrogen derived
from the ratio N(J=1)/N(J=0) is 65 +/- 4 K. The column density of the CO
observed in the STIS spectrum is N(CO) = (7.1 +/- 0.5) x 10^13 cm^-2, giving a
CO/H_2 ratio of (1.04 +/- 0.11) x 10^-6. We also use the STIS spectrum to find
the column density of HI, permitting us to calculate the total column density
of hydrogen atoms, the fractional abundance of H_2, and the gas-to-dust ratio.Comment: 5 pages, including 6 figures. LaTex2e (emulateapj5.sty). Accepted for
publication in ApJ Letter
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