Turning Your Educational Work Into Scholarship

This educational download will help readers turn their work into scholarship with 5 straight forward tips. When doing educational work‐ask questions. Be sure to have a strong educational foundation for teaching, assessment, and evaluation. Work in teams. Use colleagues to help promote educational work. And finally, manage the work flow to ensure completion.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147815/1/aet210131_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/147815/2/aet210131.pd

Sexual Behavior and Substance Use among Women across the Spectrum of Sexual Orientation

Background: Compared to non-sexual minority women, sexual minority women are at greater risk for substance use and abuse, sexual risk behaviors, and unplanned teen pregnancy; few studies measure differing associations by sexual orientation (e.g., identity, behavior, attraction) or discordance (e.g., heterosexually-identified women with female partners) components. Minority stress may explain sexual minority women’s health disparities; thus, as U.S. policies evolve to reflect growing acceptance of all sexual minorities, research should examine sexual minority women’s health risk behaviors using multidimensional constructs of sexual orientation. Methods: Using the female sample of the 2002-2013 National Survey of Family Growth (Aims 1-2 n=25,523; Aim 3 n=4,471, adolescent subsample), multivariable, population-weighted logistic regression models compared sexual minority and non-sexual minority women’s substance use, sexual risk behavior, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment by each sexual orientation component (Aim 1) or by each concordance/discordance component (Aim 2) separately and simultaneously. Aim 3 regression models compared odds of pregnancy among sexual minority and non-sexual minority adolescent women by sexual orientation components separately and simultaneously. Final adjusted models were stratified by survey cycle to test for effect modification (Aims 1-3). Results: Self-reported bisexual identity, behavior, and attraction significantly increased each survey cycle. After simultaneously adjusting for sexual orientation components, sexual minority identity was no longer a significant predictor of risk (Aim 1); after simultaneously adjusting for concordance/discordance components, attraction-behavior discordance was no longer significant (Aim 2). In stratified models, odds of risk attenuated for some sexual minority women but remained elevated for others. After simultaneously adjusting for sexual orientation components in Aim 3, sexual minority identity no longer predicted increased pregnancy odds; sexual minority behavior remained associated with increased odds of teen pregnancy. Discussion: Risk behaviors among sexual minority women varied by sexual orientation and concordance/discordance measures and over time. Bisexuality was associated with increased risk regardless of measurement method; greater levels of minority stress may explain such disparities. Despite attenuation in risk behavior for some sexual minority women over time, disparities persist for women with a sexual minority identity; thus, future research should examine how policies that support sexual minorities specifically impact sexual minority women. Substance abuse treatment, interventions to address sexual risk behavior, and sexual education curriculum should be tailored to meet the unique needs of all sexual minority women across a broad spectrum of sexual orientation

Hearing silenced voices: a learning-centred approach to sustainable land rehabilitation and natural resource management

South Africa is a semi-arid country with dysfunctional water management. The National Water Act encourages integrated water resource management and public participation in contributing to strategies for managing water within delineated areas. Various challenges hamper progress of integrated water resource management and meaningful participation by residents in catchments across the country. One of the challenges is the lack of knowledge about their role in water resource management. By viewing catchments as complex social-ecological systems, this case study investigates how to establish a learning-centred approach to catchment management forum (CMF) formation. The study addressed three sub-questions: What activity systems need to be prioritised for community participation in CMF formation? What existing learning can be identified within the activity systems? What are the sources for expansive social learning in and between the activity systems? The study draws on social learning theory, and on cultural historical activity theory as it offers a methodological approach to identifying a learning-centred approach to learning in a catchment context. Drawing on this theoretical framework, for research question 1, I identified five activity systems that are present in the study area, are partly representative of the people who live in the area, and are linked to land and water governance either through their positions as government employees within the sector, or the NLEIP in ways that influence communities’ lives and livelihoods. To address question 2, I ran learning-centred workshops and interviewed people who lived in the study area. Careful, respectful listening and participants’ use of home language created the safe space in which residents revealed that they know which water resources are important to protect and where breakdowns in communication happen. For question 3, I analysed the data from the workshops and interviews using a cultural historical activity theory framework to identify discursive manifestations of contradictions within and between activity systems which illuminate the potential for expansive social learning. This study recommends developing an understanding of the complex social-ecological context and prioritising co-learning and community participation in a learning-centred approach to catchment management forum formation. For this, there is need to develop in-depth insight into activity systems associated with water governance in local contexts. In this study I identified five of these activity systems, but the study points to a further range of activity systems that need to be considered for a learning-centred approach to be fully established. The study also found that communities are learning via engaging in the rehabilitation work, through engagements in workshops and within the municipal structures. Additionally, the study identified a number of contradictions that can provide sources of learning for taking an expansive learning approach further in CMF formation. Such an approach may provide the space to build bridges of trust between diverse knowledge systems, and has the potential to encourage sustainable co-operation in natural resource management

Coaching to improve self‐directed learning

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156178/2/tct13109.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156178/1/tct13109_am.pd

Experiential learning about medication adherence

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140039/1/tct12645.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/140039/2/tct12645_am.pd

Five Debris Disks Newly Revealed in Scattered Light from the HST NICMOS Archive

We have spatially resolved five debris disks (HD 30447, HD 35841, HD 141943, HD 191089, and HD 202917) for the first time in near-infrared scattered light by reanalyzing archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/NICMOS coronagraphic images obtained between 1999 and 2006. One of these disks (HD 202917) was previously resolved at visible wavelengths using HST/Advanced Camera for Surveys. To obtain these new disk images, we performed advanced point-spread function subtraction based on the Karhunen-Loeve Image Projection (KLIP) algorithm on recently reprocessed NICMOS data with improved detector artifact removal (Legacy Archive PSF Library And Circumstellar Environments Legacy program). Three of the disks (HD 30447, HD 35841, and HD 141943) appear edge-on, while the other two (HD 191089 and HD 202917) appear inclined. The inclined disks have been sculpted into rings; in particular, the disk around HD 202917 exhibits strong asymmetries. All five host stars are young (8-40 Myr), nearby (40-100 pc) F and G stars, and one (HD 141943) is a close analog to the young sun during the epoch of terrestrial planet formation. Our discoveries increase the number of debris disks resolved in scattered light from 19 to 23 (a 21% increase). Given their youth, proximity, and brightness (V = 7.2 to 8.5), these targets are excellent candidates for follow-up investigations of planet formation at visible wavelengths using the HST/STIS coronagraph, at near-infrared wavelengths with the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) and Very Large Telescope (VLT)/SPHERE, and at thermal infrared wavelengths with the James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam and MIRI coronagraphs.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl

HIV and sexually transmitted infection knowledge among women who have sex with women in four Southern African countries

Women who have sex with women in Southern Africa, where HIV prevalence is high, are often presumed to have minimal risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV despite research documenting female-to-female transmission. This study examined the demographic and social factors contributing to female-to-female STI/HIV transmission knowledge among Southern African women who have sex with women using an integrated model of health literacy. In collaboration with community-based organisations in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe, data were collected through anonymous surveys (N = 591). Multivariable stepwise forward logistic regression assessed independent associations between participant characteristics and high vs. low knowledge using five items. Overall, 64.4% (n = 362) of women had high knowledge; 35.6% (n = 200) had low knowledge

Not Another Boring Resident Didactic Conference

BackgroundThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that residency programs in emergency medicine plan at least 5 hours of didactic experiences per week. Instructional methods should include smallâ group techniques, problemâ based learning, or computerâ based instruction. Despite recommendations from the ACGME, many programsâ conference didactics continue to include primarily lectureâ based instruction.MethodsThe authors describe instructional methods that promote active learning and may be superior to traditional lectureâ based education.ResultsThese methods include varying instructional methods, caseâ based learning, teamâ based learning and the flipped classroom, audience response systems, simulation, â wars,â oral boards, escape rooms and scavenger hunts, expert panel discussions, debates, clinical pathologic cases, and leaderboards. The authors discuss how these methods can be implemented to make emergency medicine didactic conferences more varied and interactive for learners.ConclusionsWhile there is minimal research on the efficacy of these methods in graduate medical education, many have shown to improvement engagement of learners and to be effective in undergraduate medical education. Further research will be needed to determine if longâ term learning outcomes can be improved with these strategies.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154330/1/aet210367_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154330/2/aet210367.pd

Sulfated Steroid–Amino Acid Conjugates from the Irish Marine Sponge Polymastia boletiformis

Antifungal bioactivity-guided fractionation of the organic extract of the sponge Polymastia boletiformis, collected from the west coast of Ireland, led to the isolation of two new sulfated steroid-amino acid conjugates (1 and 2). Extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses in combination with quantum mechanical calculations of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, optical rotation, and 13C chemical shifts were used to establish the chemical structures of 1 and 2. Both compounds exhibited moderate antifungal activity against Cladosporium cucumerinum, while compound 2 was also active against Candida albicans. Marine natural products containing steroidal and amino acid constituents are extremely rare in nature

A scoping review of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use treatment interventions for sexual and gender minority populations

BackgroundAlcohol, tobacco, and other drug use are among the most prevalent and important health disparities affecting sexual and gender minority (SGM; e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) populations. Although numerous government agencies and health experts have called for substance use intervention studies to address these disparities, such studies continue to be relatively rare. MethodWe conducted a scoping review of prevention and drug treatment intervention studies for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use that were conducted with SGM adults. We searched three databases to identify pertinent English-language, peer-reviewed articles published between 1985 and 2019. ResultsOur search yielded 71 articles. The majority focused on sexual minority men and studied individual or group psychotherapies for alcohol, tobacco, or methamphetamine use. ConclusionOur findings highlight the need for intervention research focused on sexual minority women and gender minority individuals and on cannabis and opioid use. There is also a need for more research that evaluates dyadic, population-level, and medication interventions