Possible Winners in Noisy Elections

We consider the problem of predicting winners in elections, for the case where we are given complete knowledge about all possible candidates, all possible voters (together with their preferences), but where it is uncertain either which candidates exactly register for the election or which voters cast their votes. Under reasonable assumptions, our problems reduce to counting variants of election control problems. We either give polynomial-time algorithms or prove #P-completeness results for counting variants of control by adding/deleting candidates/voters for Plurality, k-Approval, Approval, Condorcet, and Maximin voting rules. We consider both the general case, where voters' preferences are unrestricted, and the case where voters' preferences are single-peaked.Comment: 34 page

Bezdroża populizmu w perspektywie politologicznej

Abstrak

New Wilson-type constructions of mutually orthogonal latin squares

AbstractSome new constructions of mutually orthogonal Latin squares are shown. Moreover, if N(n) denotes the maximum number of mutually orthogonal Latin squares of order n, then it is proved that N(n)⩾7 for n>1750

Times of no spatial relationships: retrospection in space on the example of modern and historic settlements in the Karkonosze

The aim of the work is: - Presentation of the critical points in management of cities and villages in the system of services institutions, which is essential to the proper functioning of society and the shaping of space. This subject was raised to answer the question whether the new social behavior can affect the classical principles of organization of space? In particular, can one affect the management of settlement units in the facilities of social services? Currently, in fact a man meets some of his needs in an unreal way (e.g., via electronic techniques), without any limits of distance, space (e.g., by means of transport ), because of the development of social and economic life. - Propose planning solutions for mountain villages located in the Karkonosze, presenting opportunities for development or a stable existence. They have been prospering through its history blending with its architecture and arrangement of buildings in the mountain nature exemplary. Currently, some of which are experiencing difficulties caused by, among others, changes in the modern world, so-called fusion of real and virtual space. There are monofunctional or deprived of basic functions settlements not meeting the residents` needs. The issues were analyzed by the use of case studies method. This led to a selection of specific examples of the phenomenon of the social centers disappearance, shut down of service infrastructure, and on the contrary strengthen their local position. It was assumed that the combination of the contemporary image with their historical forms of settlement can help to find the synthesis of virtual and the real world. As a result of the analyze, it was found: - Elimination of the complementary network of services contributes to minimizing the village in the settlement system. New social customs may even intensify this state; - Gradual modernization of services leads to prosperity of settlement, using new media opportunities; - Reasonable use of potential space of information technology space can contribute to improved well- being and changes in the mountain village

Edukacja integracyjna – przestrzenna organizacja zajęć

Students often struggle with various school difficulties. Can the reason be the classroom’s poorly organized space? Searching for the answer to this question is one of the important premises of the paper. The spatial layouts described in the article, at the stage of primary education, influence such processes as communication between students, their education and upbringing, shaping their mutual relations, transferring messages, shaping skills, and creating attitudes and identity. The purpose of this article is to show the spatial arrangements selected by the teachers of integrated classes and to indicate their motivations behind making a specific choice. The first part of the article contains an introduction and review of the literature on the selected topic. The second part presents the results of own research. The study ends with conclusions.Uczniowie często borykają się z różnymi trudnościami szkolnymi. Czy ich powodem może być źle zorganizowana przestrzeń? Poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na to pytanie stanowi jedną z ważniejszych kwestii prezentowanych w tekście. Opisana w artykule przestrzeń na etapie edukacji wczesno-szkolnej pełni funkcję miejsca, które sprzyja procesom takim jak: komunikacja między uczniami, kształcenie i wychowanie, kształtowanie ich wzajemnych relacji, przekazywanie wiadomości, kształtowanie umiejętności, kreowanie postaw i tożsamości. Celem tekstu jest ukazanie układów przestrzennych, na które zdecydowali się nauczyciele klas integracyjnych, oraz wskazanie ich motywacji do dokonania określonego wyboru. Pierwsza część artykułu zawiera wprowadzenie obejmujące przegląd literatury w wybranym temacie. W kolejnej zostały ukazane wyniki badań własnych. Całość zamykają konkluzje

MOTIVATING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEARNERS TO ENGLISH WITH THE HELP OF SELECTED HANDBOOK CONTENT

The article explores the topic of students’ motivation and course books, that is how the content of the course books influence students’ motivation, but also how the teachers use the course books and teachers books in the classroom. The two-way research, aimed at finding answers to the main research questions, was based on the specially prepared survey conducted among teachers, but also on the (indicated by the investigated teachers as the most usable) course-book analysis.  Article visualizations

Regionalizacja zagranicznej polityki handlowej Unii Europejskiej w latach 1990 -2017

Regionalisation of trade policy is an increasingly common trend in the 21 st century. The European Union concluded its fist trade agreements in the 1970s, but at the end of the 1990s, it applied a de facto moratorium on such agreements. In 2005, this policy was changed, and the EU is a signatory to 35 agreements – creating either a free trade area or a customs union. The aim of the paper was to show how the European Union’s approach to concluding preferential trade agreements changed over the period of 1990–2017. The reasons for the EU’s increased interest in regionalisation and the development of regional links with partners in various regions of the world were presented, including selected key trade agreements.Regionalizacja polityki handlowej jest w XXI wieku coraz powszechniejszym trendem. Unia Europejska zawierała pierwsze umowy handlowe już w latach 70. XX wieku jednak pod koniec lat 90. XX wieku stosowała swoiste moratorium na tego typu porozumienia. Po 2005 roku ta polityka została zmieniona, a UE jest sygnatariuszem 35 porozumień o charakterze strefy wolnego handlu lub unii celnej.  Celem pracy jest pokazanie jak zmieniło się podejście Unii Europejskiej do zawierania preferencyjnych układów handlowych w analizowanym okresie 1990 -2017. Przedstawione zostaną przyczyny wzrostu zainteresowania UE regionalizacją oraz rozwój powiązań regionalnych z partnerami w różnych regionach świata, w tym wybrane najważniejsze umowy handlowe