WOMEN IN ORGANIZATIONS: LEADERSHIP AND OVERCOMING BIASES

This thesis will work to describe the different experiences women have in the workplace compared to men. It will discuss the biases faced: prove-it-again bias, tightrope bias, and the maternal wall bias. These play a large role in why women act as they do in the workplace as well as why they tend to experience different barriers within the corporate ladder. This research notes both gender biases facing women and the additional bias women of color face. These different experiences change how women lead companies when placed in executive positions. These leadership styles of women tend to be more welcoming and encouraging compared to the more task-oriented ones often embodied by men. Women in the Workforce (2022) states that women make -up just under half of today’s workforce and understanding the variation in leadership style they are likely to employ when given a leadership position is key to understanding the value of more balanced promotion practices and reducing the barriers women face in being promoted to leadership positions

State Action Immunity and Municipalities: The Sherman Act Looks for New Territory: \u3ci\u3eWhitworth v. Perkins\u3c/i\u3e, 559 F.2d 378 (5th Cir. 1977)

Numerous exemptions from the antitrust laws have been recognized to facilitate certain activities which cannot (or for various reasons, should not) be carried on in a competitive atmosphere. In Parker v. Brown (1943), the Supreme Court recognized that federal and state governments would not be subject to the antitrust laws for official governmental activities. Under the so-called Parker state action exemption, the Court held that a state was exempt from prosecution when it acted through its legitimate state agencies or officers pursuant to legislative authority. Recently, however, the state action exemption has been a highly litigated antitrust area. There has been much difficulty in consistently applying the state action doctrine to municipalities. Such was the case in Whitworth v. Perkins, in which the fifth circuit was presented with the issue whether the acts of a municipality were immune under Parker. The case provided the court with an opportunity to articulate which factors are relevant to a consideration of the immunity defense. However, as this Note discusses, the court failed to do so and thus added to the existing uncertainty in the area

PH14-8Mo stainless steel honey comb core shear strength at elevated temperatures, 1 July 1968 - 1 July 1969

PH-8Mo stainless steel honeycomb sandwich cor

The Agency Form in Tax Shelter Investments: A Viable Alternative

I. Introduction II. Agency in Tax Shelter … A. Why the Agency Form Is Selected … B. How Is the Agency Formed? III. State Law Comparison of Partnership and Agency … A. Formal Organization Requirements … B. Control and Rights of Investors … 1. Agency vs. General Partnership … 2. Agency vs. Limited Partnership … C. Indemnity for Liabilities to Third Parties … D. Duty and Liability to Investors IV. Tax Comparison of Agency and Partnership … A. Is the Agency a Partnership? … B. Investors as Partners … C. Electing Out of Partnership Status … D. Association Taxable as a Corporation … E. The Agency as a Farm Syndicate … F. The “At Risk” Rules … G. The Flow of Tax Benefits … H. Limitations on Investment Interest … I. Tax Elections … J. Organization Fees V. Conclusio

Roll diffusion bonding of titanium alloy panels

Roll diffusion bonding technique is used for fabricating T-stiffened panel assemblies from titanium alloy. The single unit fabrication exhibits excellent strength characteristics under tensile and compressive loads. This program is applied to structures in which weight/strength ratio and integral construction are important considerations

State Action Immunity and Municipalities: The Sherman Act Looks for New Territory: \u3ci\u3eWhitworth v. Perkins\u3c/i\u3e, 559 F.2d 378 (5th Cir. 1977)

Numerous exemptions from the antitrust laws have been recognized to facilitate certain activities which cannot (or for various reasons, should not) be carried on in a competitive atmosphere. In Parker v. Brown (1943), the Supreme Court recognized that federal and state governments would not be subject to the antitrust laws for official governmental activities. Under the so-called Parker state action exemption, the Court held that a state was exempt from prosecution when it acted through its legitimate state agencies or officers pursuant to legislative authority. Recently, however, the state action exemption has been a highly litigated antitrust area. There has been much difficulty in consistently applying the state action doctrine to municipalities. Such was the case in Whitworth v. Perkins, in which the fifth circuit was presented with the issue whether the acts of a municipality were immune under Parker. The case provided the court with an opportunity to articulate which factors are relevant to a consideration of the immunity defense. However, as this Note discusses, the court failed to do so and thus added to the existing uncertainty in the area

Quantum gravity at a large number of dimensions

We consider the large-$D$ limit of Einstein gravity. It is observed that a consistent leading large-$D$ graph limit exists, and that it is built up by a subclass of planar diagrams. The graphs in the effective field theory extension of Einstein gravity are investigated in the same context, and it is seen that an effective field theory extension of the basic Einstein-Hilbert theory will not upset the latter leading large-$D$ graph limit, {\it i.e.}, the same subclass of planar diagrams will dominate at large-$D$ in the effective field theory. The effective field theory description of large-$D$ quantum gravity limit will be renormalizable, and the resulting theory will thus be completely well defined up to the Planck scale at $\sim 10^{19}$ GeV. The $(\frac1D)$ expansion in gravity is compared to the successful $(\frac1N)$ expansion in gauge theory (the planar diagram limit), and dissimilarities and parallels of the two expansions are discussed. We consider the expansion of the effective field theory terms and we make some remarks on explicit calculations of $n$-point functions.Comment: 18 pages, 23 figures (75 files), format RevTex4, typos corrected, references adde

A Computational Investigation on the Strength of Dantzig-Wolfe Reformulations

In Dantzig-Wolfe reformulation of an integer program one convexifies a subset of the constraints, leading to potentially stronger dual bounds from the respective linear programming relaxation. As the subset can be chosen arbitrarily, this includes the trivial cases of convexifying no and all constraints, resulting in a weakest and strongest reformulation, respectively. Our computational study aims at better understanding of what happens in between these extremes. For a collection of integer programs with few constraints we compute, optimally solve, and evaluate the relaxations of all possible (exponentially many) Dantzig-Wolfe reformulations (with mild extensions to larger models from the MIPLIBs). We observe that only a tiny number of different dual bounds actually occur and that only a few inclusion-wise minimal representatives exist for each. This aligns with considerably different impacts of individual constraints on the strengthening the relaxation, some of which have almost no influence. In contrast, types of constraints that are convexified in textbook reformulations have a larger effect. We relate our experiments to what could be called a hierarchy of Dantzig-Wolfe reformulations