Transient Processes Associated with Turning an Antenna On and Off

The paper discusses the phenomena accompanying switching the sinusoidal excitation of an antenna on and off when the antenna is excited by a train of sinusoids containing several to several hundred periods. Transient phenomena are presented against the background of the resonant properties of the antenna. The processes of turning the antenna on and off take place under different conditions and therefore are different. When the antenna is switched on, the transient processes are determined by the antenna properties and the excitation properties. When the antenna is switched off, excitation is no longer present, and the properties of the antenna determine the transient process. We define a new measure of time: the effective light meter

Extrapolation of Electromagnetic Response from Linear Antennas in Time Domain without Late-Time Instabilities in Numerical Solution of EFI Equation, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2020, nr 2

The paper presents a new hybrid method relied upon to solve integral equations of the electric field in time domain and to model linear antennas with pulse excitation. The method consists in a mixed, numerical-analytical description of the process that helps maintain the stability of calculations during the late time phase. As described in the analytical part, the modified spherical Bessel function of the first kind allows for extrapolation with a high degree of accuracy and loworder expressions. The modified spherical Bessel functions of the first kind are of the oscillating character, and their combination with the exponential factor makes them convenient for extrapolation of the answer of the antenna with pulse excitation. New functions are introduced to computational practic

Trematodes of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: emerging patterns of diversity and richness in coral reef fishes

The Great Barrier Reef holds the richest array of marine life found anywhere in Australia, including a diverse and fascinating parasite fauna. Members of one group, the trematodes, occur as sexually mature adult worms in almost all Great Barrier Reef bony fish species. Although the first reports of these parasites were made 100 years ago, the fauna has been studied systematically for only the last 25 years. When the fauna was last reviewed in 1994 there were 94 species known from the Great Barrier Reef and it was predicted that there might be 2,270 in total. There are now 326 species reported for the region, suggesting that we are in a much improved position to make an accurate prediction of true trematode richness. Here we review the current state of knowledge of the fauna and the ways in which our understanding of this fascinating group is changing. Our best estimate of the true richness is now a range, 1,100–1,800 species. However there remains considerable scope for even these figures to be incorrect given that fewer than one-third of the fish species of the region have been examined for trematodes. Our goal is a comprehensive characterisation of this fauna, and we outline what work needs to be done to achieve this and discuss whether this goal is practically achievable or philosophically justifiable

Between history and values: A study on the nature of interpretation in international law

My thesis discusses the place of evaluative judgements in the interpretation of general international law. It concentrates on two questions. First, whether it is possible to interpret international legal practices without making an evaluative judgement about the point or value that provides the best justification of these practices. Second, whether the use of evaluative judgements in international legal interpretation threatens to undermine the objectivity of international law, the neutrality of international lawyers or the consensual and voluntary basis of the international legal system. I answer both questions in the negative. As regards the first, I argue that international legal practice has an interpretive structure, which combines appeals to the history of international practice with appeals to the principles and values that these practices are best understood as promoting. This interpretive structure is apparent not only in the claims of international lawyers about particular rules of international law (here I use the rule of estoppel as an example) but also in the most basic intuitions of international theorists about the theory and sources of general international law. I then argue that some popular concerns to the effect that the exercise of evaluation in the interpretation of international law will undermine the coherence or the usefulness of the discipline are generally unwarranted. The fact that international legal practice has an interpretive structure does not entail that propositions of international law are only subjectively true, that the interpreter enjoys license to manipulate their meaning for self-serving purposes, or that international law will collapse under the weight of irresolvable disagreements, divisions and conflicts about its proper interpretation